UMary Allen
Intshayelelo: Indalo kaDolly weegusha
Ngowe-1996, iqela lezazinzulu kwiZiko laseRoslin e-Edinburgh, eSkotlani, lenza imbali ngokuvelisa ngempumelelo igusha egama linguDolly. UDolly waba sisilwanyana sokuqala esanyisayo ukuveliswa kwiseli yabantu abadala, kwaye indalo yakhe yaba yimpumelelo enkulu kwicandelo lemfuza. Wakhawuleza waba ngundabamlonyeni wamazwe ngamazwe, nabantu kwihlabathi liphela bethabathekile ngumbono wokwenza iklonishini kunye neempembelelo ezinokuba nazo kwisayensi nakuluntu.
Injongo yokudala uDolly
Injongo yokudala uDolly yayikukungqina ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwenza isilwanyana esanyisayo esisuka kwiseli yabantu abadala. Ngaphambi kokudalwa kwakhe, izazinzulu zazikwazi ukudibanisa izilwanyana zisebenzisa iiseli ze-embryonic. Ngokwenza uDolly ngempumelelo, iqela leZiko laseRoslin labonisa ukuba iiseli zabantu abadala zinokuhlengahlengiswa zibe lulo naluphi na uhlobo lweeseli, nto leyo eyaba yinkqubela phambili yenzululwazi. Ukongeza, ukuyilwa kukaDolly kwavula iindlela ezintsha zophando kwi-cloning kunye nobunjineli bemfuza, obunokuba nempembelelo enkulu kwisayensi yezonyango kunye nezolimo.
Ukubaluleka kweNzululwazi kaDolly
Indalo kaDolly yaba sisiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimfuza. Ibonise ukuba iiseli zabantu abadala zinokuhlengahlengiswa zibe lulo naluphi na uhlobo lweseli, nto leyo yaba yinkqubela ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni kwethu ukukhula kofuzo. Ukongezelela, ukuveliswa kukaDolly kwavula iindlela ezintsha zophando kwi-cloning nobunjineli bemfuza, nto leyo enokuba negalelo elikhulu kwinzululwazi yezonyango nezolimo. Itekhnoloji ye-Cloning ingasetyenziselwa ukudala izilwanyana ezifanayo ngokwemfuza ngeenjongo zophando, ukuvelisa imfuyo eneempawu ezinqwenelekayo, kunye nokudala amalungu omntu ukuze atshintshelwe.
Inkqubo yeCloning Dolly
Inkqubo yokubumba uDolly yayintsonkothile kwaye yayibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela. Okokuqala, izazinzulu kwiZiko laseRoslin zathatha iseli yabantu abadala kumbele wegusha zaza zasusa umongo wayo. Emva koko bathatha iseli yeqanda kwenye igusha baza basusa nomongo wayo. Umongo osuka kwiseli yabantu abadala wawufakwa kwiseli yeqanda, ize loo mbumba ibe ngumphumo ifakwe kumzali omnye. Emva kokukhulelwa okunempumelelo, uDolly wazalwa ngoJulayi 5, 1996.
Ukuziphatha kwe-Cloning
Ukuyilwa kukaDolly kuphakamise iinkxalabo ezininzi zokuziphatha, ngakumbi malunga nombono wokubumba umntu. Abantu abaninzi babenexhala lokuba itekhnoloji yecloning ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza “iintsana eziyila” okanye ukuvelisa iiclones zabantu ukuze kuvunwe amalungu. Ukongeza, bekukho iinkxalabo malunga nentlalontle yezilwanyana ezidibeneyo, njengoko izilwanyana ezininzi ezidibeneyo zineengxaki zempilo kunye nobomi obufutshane kunoogxa bazo abangayiyo.
Ubomi bukaDolly kunye neLifa
UDolly waphila iminyaka emithandathu enesiqingatha ngaphambi kokuba abulawe ngenxa yesifo semiphunga esasisiya sikhula. Ebudeni bobomi bakhe, wazala amatakane amathandathu, nto leyo eyayibonisa ukuba izilwanyana ezifuywayo zinokuzala ngokuqhelekileyo. Ilifa lakhe lihlala kuluntu lwezenzululwazi, njengoko indalo yakhe yavula indlela yenkqubela phambili kwi-cloning kunye nobunjineli bemfuza.
Igalelo likaDolly kuPhando lwezoNyango
Indalo kaDolly yavula iindlela ezintsha zophando kwi-cloning kunye nobunjineli bemfuza, enokuba nempembelelo enkulu kwisayensi yezonyango. Itekhnoloji yeCloning ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izilwanyana ezifanayo ngokwemfuza ngeenjongo zophando, ezinokunceda izazinzulu ziqonde ngcono izifo zemfuzo kunye nokuphuhlisa unyango olutsha. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji ye-cloning ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza amalungu omntu ukuze atshintshelwe, anokunceda ukunciphisa ukunqongophala kwamalungu abanikeli.
Ikamva leCloning Technology
Ubugcisa bokwenza i<em>cloning buye bahamba umgama omde ukususela ekudalweni kukaDolly ngowe-1996. Namhlanje, izazinzulu zisebenzisa ubugcisa bokuyila izilwanyana ezitshintshwe imizila yemfuza ngenjongo yophando, ukuvelisa imfuyo eneempawu ezinqwenelekayo, nokudala amalungu omntu ukuze atshintshelwe kwezinye iindawo. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho iinkxalabo ezininzi zokuziphatha malunga nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-cloning, kwaye ihlala ingumxholo ophikisanayo kuluntu lwezenzululwazi.
Iimpikiswano ezingqonge iNdalo kaDolly
Ukudalwa kukaDolly akuzange kube ngaphandle kwempikiswano. Abantu abaninzi babenexhala ngentlalo-ntle yezilwanyana ezifuywayo, njengoko izilwanyana ezininzi ezikhiqiweyo zineengxaki zempilo kunye nobude bokuphila obufutshane kunoogxa bazo abangafakwanga. Ukongeza, bekukho iinkxalabo malunga nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwetekhnoloji ye-cloning, ngakumbi kwindawo yokubumba abantu.
Isiphelo: Impembelelo kaDolly kwiNzululwazi noLuntu
Ukwenziwa kukaDolly kwaba yinkqubela phambili kwezenzululwazi eyavula iindlela ezintsha zophando kwi-cloning nobunjineli bemfuza. Ilifa lakhe lihlala kuluntu lwenzululwazi, njengoko indalo yakhe yavula indlela yenkqubela phambili emininzi kula macandelo. Nangona kunjalo, iinkxalabo ezisesikweni malunga netekhnoloji ye-cloning zihlala zihleli, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwizazinzulu kunye noluntu luphela ukuqwalasela ngononophelo iziphumo zolu phuhliso.