UMary Allen
Intshayelelo yokuntywila kwamaqanda eDada
Ukuntywila kwamaqanda edada yindlela yokufukanyiswa ebandakanya ukubeka amaqanda emanzini kangangexesha elithile phambi kokuba aqandusele. Obu buchule busetyenziswe kangangeenkulungwane, ngakumbi kumazwe aseAsia afana neTshayina, iJapan kunye neKorea. Nangona kusenokubonakala kuchasene nokuntywilisela iqanda emanzini, le ndlela ingqineke inempumelelo ekuqanduseleni amantshontsho amadada asempilweni. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga isayensi emva kokuntywila kwamaqanda edada kunye neenzuzo zawo.
Imbali yokuntywila kwamaqanda eDada
Umkhwa wokuntywiliselwa kwamaqanda edada usukela kumaxesha amandulo, nobungqina bokusetyenziswa kwawo eTshayina kwangenkulungwane ye-13. Le ndlela yathandwa kakhulu kuba kwakukholelwa ukuba yonyusa izinga lokuqandusela kwaye ivelise amantshontsho amadada awomeleleyo. Ubuchule bunwenwele nakwamanye amazwe aseAsia kwaye ekugqibeleni bamkelwa ngamafama enkukhu aseNtshona kwinkulungwane yama-20. Namhlanje, ukuntywiliselwa kwamaqanda edada kuseyinto eqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi.
Indlela ukuntywila emanzini kulichaphazela njani iqokobhe lamaqanda
Ukuntywilisela amaqanda edada emanzini kuneziphumo ezininzi kwiqokobhe leqanda. Ngexesha lokuntywila, iqokobhe leqanda liba neentunja kwaye lifunxa amanzi. Oku kuvumela ukutshintshiselana kweegesi phakathi kwe-embryo ngaphakathi kweqanda kunye namanzi ajikelezileyo. Ngenxa yoko, imbumba ifumana ioksijini ize ikhuphe ikharbon diokside, eyimfuneko ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kwayo. Amanzi akwanceda ekulawuleni ubushushu beqanda, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ukuze kuqaliswe ngempumelelo.
Indima yeOxygen ekuntywiliseni
Ioksijini yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuntywila kwamaqanda amadada. I-embryo engaphakathi kweqanda idinga ioksijini ukuze iphile, kwaye ukuntywila kuvumela ukutshintshiselana kweegesi phakathi kweqanda namanzi. Noko ke, ioksijini eninzi inokuba yingozi kwimveku ekhulayo. Ukuba inqanaba leoksijini liphezulu kakhulu, linokubangela ukuba i-embryo ikhule ngokukhawuleza, okukhokelela kwintshontsho ledada elibuthathaka. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi ye-oksijini ngexesha lokuntywila.
Ukubaluleka koLawulo loBuqondo
Ulawulo lobushushu lubalulekile ngexesha lokuntywila emanzini. Ubushushu bamanzi kufuneka bugcinwe phakathi kwe-98-100 ° F (36.5-37.8 ° C) ukulinganisa ubushushu besikhukukazi. Ukuba amanzi ashushu kakhulu okanye abanda kakhulu, anokwenzakalisa i-embryo ekhulayo okanye acothise ukukhula kwayo. Ukongeza, iqondo lobushushu kufuneka lingaguquguquki ngalo lonke ixesha lokuntywila ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqanduselwa okuyimpumelelo.
Iinzuzo zokuntywila emanzini xa kuqanduselwa
Ukuntywiliselwa kwamaqanda edada kuneenzuzo ezininzi zokuqanduselwa. Inokunyusa izinga lokuqandusela, ivelise amantshontsho edada awomeleleyo nasempilweni, kwaye yehlise umngcipheko wokuba neziphene. Amanzi akwabonelela ngenqanaba lokufuma lendalo elithintela amaqanda ekubeni ome. Ukuntywila emanzini kukwayindlela yendalo yokufukamela xa kuthelekiswa neendlela ezenziweyo, ezinokuthi zibe noxinzelelo kwi-embryo ekhulayo.
Ukuntywila njengeNdlela yeNdalo yokufukamela
Ukuntywila emanzini kuthathwa njengendlela yendalo yokufukamela kuba ilinganisa iimeko zenkukhu efukamileyo. Endle, amadada aya kubeka amaqanda emanzini kwaye asebenzise ubushushu bomzimba wawo kunye namanzi ajikelezileyo ukuwafukamela. Ukuntywila emanzini kulinganisa le nkqubo, kuvumela amava endalo ngakumbi e-incubation kwi-embryo ekhulayo.
Ukuthelekisa ukuntywiliselwa kwezinye iindlela zokufukamela
Ukuntywila emanzini yenye yeendlela ezininzi zokufukamela ezisetyenziswa kumaqanda amadada. Ezinye iindlela ziquka ukufukanyelwa, ukusebenzisa isikhukukazi esifukamayo, kunye nokusebenzisa idada elingene kwelinye. Indlela nganye ineenzuzo kunye nokungona kwayo, kwaye ukhetho lwendlela luxhomekeke kwiimeko kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuntywila emanzini yindlela yendalo nesebenzayo ebisetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane.
Iingcebiso zokuntywila ngempumelelo
Ukuqinisekisa ukuntywiliselwa ngempumelelo, kubalulekile ukulandela iingcebiso ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, sebenzisa amanzi acocekileyo angenayo iklorin nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Okwesibini, jonga ubushushu bamanzi kwaye ugcine ubushushu obufanayo ngalo lonke ixesha lokuntywiliselwa. Okwesithathu, gcina ibhalansi yeoksijini ngokutshintsha amanzi rhoqo kunye nokubeka esweni umgangatho wamanzi. Ekugqibeleni, phatha amaqanda ngobunono ngexesha lenkqubo yokuntywila ukuze ugweme ukuqhekeza iqokobhe leqanda.
Isiphelo: Inzululwazi yokuntywila kwamaqanda eDada
Ukuntywila emanzini amaqanda edada yindlela yendalo yokufukanyelwa esele isetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane. Kubandakanya ukubeka amaqanda emanzini ixesha elithile phambi kokuba aqandusele. Ukuntywila emanzini kuneengenelo ezininzi zokuqandusela, kuquka nokunyusa izinga lokuqandusela kunye nokuvelisa amantshontsho amadada awomeleleyo nasempilweni. Indlela ilinganisa iimeko zesikhukukazi kwaye ithathwa njengeyona ndlela yendalo yokufukamela. Ngokulandela iingcebiso ezimbalwa, ukuntywila emanzini kunokuba yindlela ephumelelayo nesebenzayo yokuqandusela amaqanda edada.