Ubomi bukaRoger Arliner Omncinci

URoger Arliner Young wayengusosayensi wase-Afrika-waseMelika owenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwicandelo lebhayoloji yaselwandle. Wazalwa ngoSeptemba 13, 1899, eClifton Forge, eVirginia, waza wakhulela kwintsapho ehlwempuzekileyo. Ngaphandle kocelomngeni awayejamelene nalo, uYoung wayezimisele ukuqhubeka nokuthanda isayensi.

Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-16, u-Young wabhalisa kwiYunivesithi yaseHoward eWashington, DC, apho wafunda ibhayoloji. Emva kwexesha uye wafumana isidanga se-master kwizoology kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago kwaye waba ngumfazi wokuqala wase-Afrika waseMelika ukufumana iPhD kwizoology kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania ngo-1940.

Impumelelo yaKwangoko kwiZifundo

Impumelelo yolutsha kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo yayibalasele. Ngethuba leminyaka yakhe yesidanga sokuqala kwiYunivesithi yaseHoward, wayengumncedisi welebhu ka-Ernest Everett Just, isazi sebhayoloji esaziwayo sase-Afrika saseMelika. Waqonda nje amandla kaYoung waza wamkhuthaza ukuba alandele ikhondo lenzululwazi.

Emva kokugqiba isidanga sakhe senkosi kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago, u-Young wawongwa ngobudlelwane obusemagqabini kwi-Rosenwald Fund. Oku kwamvumela ukuba aqhubeke nezifundo zakhe kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania, apho waqhuba khona uphando ngemiphumo yemitha kumaqanda e-urchin yolwandle.

Ukuzabalaza kunye nokuPhumelela kuMsebenzi wakhe

Ngaphandle kokuphumelela kwakhe kwangoko, u-Young wajongana nobunzima obuninzi emsebenzini wakhe. Wayesilwa nobuhlwempu, ucalucalulo nempilo enkenenkene ubomi bakhe bonke. Uye walwa neziyobisi kunye nemiba yempilo yengqondo, eyachaphazela umsebenzi wakhe kunye nobomi bakhe bomntu.

Nangona kunjalo, u-Young waqhubeka esenza inkqubela kwintsimi yakhe. Wayeyaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe kwi-physiology yezilwanyana zaselwandle kunye nemiphumo yezinto ezisingqongileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwazo. Uphando lwakhe malunga nefuthe lemitha yemitha kumaqanda eurchin yolwandle lwaba ngumhlaba kwaye lwanceda ekuvuleni indlela yezifundo ezizayo malunga neziphumo zokusasazeka kwemitha kwizinto eziphilayo.

Igalelo kwiBhayoloji yaseLwandle

Igalelo lolutsha kwinkalo yebhayoloji yaselwandle lalibalulekile. Uqhube uphando kuluhlu olubanzi lwezilwanyana zaselwandle, eziquka iiurchins zaselwandle, intlanzi yeenkwenkwezi, kunye neeclams. Umsebenzi wakhe kwi-physiology yezi zilwanyana uncede ekukhanyiseleni indlela eziqhelana ngayo nendawo yazo kunye nendlela izinto zokusingqongileyo ezichaphazela ngayo ukukhula kwazo.

UYoung naye wenze igalelo elibalulekileyo kwisifundo se-ecology yaselwandle. Wayenomdla kunxibelelwano phakathi kwezinto eziphila elwandle kunye nokusingqongileyo, kwaye uphando lwakhe lwanceda ukuqhubela phambili ukuqonda kwethu ubudlelwane obuntsonkothileyo phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle.

Izinto ezifunyenweyo kunye nopapasho

Umncinci wenze izinto ezininzi ezifunyenweyo kulo lonke ixesha lomsebenzi wakhe. Uphando lwakhe malunga neziphumo zemitha kumaqanda e-urchin yolwandle yaba yinkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo, njengoko yanceda ekuvuleni indlela yezifundo ezizayo malunga nefuthe lemitha kwizinto eziphilayo.

Abancinci baphinde bapapasha amaphepha aliqela ngezihloko ezahlukeneyo kwibhayoloji yaselwandle, kubandakanya i-physiology yezilwanyana zaselwandle, iimpembelelo zezinto zokusingqongileyo kuphuhliso lwazo, kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle. Umsebenzi wakhe wawuhlonitshwa ngokubanzi kwaye ucatshulwa zezinye izazinzulu kwintsimi.

Ilifa kwinkalo yeNzululwazi

Ilifa lolutsha kwinkalo yenzululwazi libalulekile. Wayengomnye wabasetyhini bokuqala base-Afrika-baseMelika ukufumana iPhD kwizifundo zezilwanyana kwaye wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwisifundo sebhayoloji yaselwandle. Umsebenzi wakhe uncede ukuqhubela phambili ukuqonda kwethu indlela izilwanyana zaselwandle eziziqhelanisa ngayo nokusingqongileyo kunye nendlela iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezichaphazela ngayo ukukhula kwazo.

Ilifa le-Young likwasebenza njengenkuthazo kwizizukulwana ezizayo zezazinzulu, ngakumbi abafazi bebala abaqhubeka nokujongana nocalucalulo kunye nemiqobo yokungena kwicandelo lezenzululwazi.

Imicelimngeni Ejongene Nebhinqa Elinebala

Umncinci wayejongene nemingeni emininzi njengebhinqa elinemibala kwintsimi yesayensi. Wayesilwa nobuhlwempu, ucalucalulo nempilo enkenenkene ubomi bakhe bonke. Wayekwajongene nemiqobo yokungena kwicandelo lezenzululwazi kwaye wayesoloko engahoywa ngamathuba kunye nezikhundla ezazifumaneka koogxa bakhe abamhlophe abangamadoda.

Nangona le mingeni, u-Young wazingisa waza wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwicandelo lezenzululwazi. Ilifa lakhe lisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kweyantlukwano kunye nokubandakanywa kwisayensi kunye nesidingo sokujongana nemiqobo ejongene nabasetyhini bemibala kwintsimi.

Ukuwongwa kunye namaBhaso afunyenweyo

Umncinci ufumene iimbasa ezininzi kunye nembeko kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. Ngomnyaka we-1924, wawongwa ubudlelwane obuhloniphekileyo kwi-Rosenwald Fund, eyamvumela ukuba aqhubeke nezifundo zakhe kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania. Uphinde wafumana inkxaso-mali yokufunda kuMbutho weSizwe wamaKhosikazi abeBala ngo-1926.

Ngo-1930, u-Young wawongwa ngenkxaso-mali evela kwiQumrhu loPhando, elimvumela ukuba enze uphando kwi-physiology yezilwanyana zaselwandle. Wayekwalilungu lemibutho eliqela yezenzululwazi, kuquka noMbutho waseMelika wokuPhucula iNzululwazi kunye noMbutho waseMelika weZoologists.

Impembelelo kwizizukulwana ezizayo

Ilifa labancinci liyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza izizukulwana ezizayo zezazinzulu, ngakumbi abafazi bemibala. Ukunyamezela kwakhe phezu kobunzima kunye nomsebenzi wakhe osisiseko kwinkalo yebhayoloji yaselwandle kusebenza njengenkuthazo kubo bonke abo banqwenela ukulandela ikhondo lesayensi.

Ilifa le-Young likwasebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kweyantlukwano kunye nokubandakanywa kwenzululwazi, kunye nesidingo sokujongana nemiqobo ejongene nabasetyhini bemibala ebaleni.

Ukukhumbula uRoger Arliner Omncinci

URoger Arliner Young wasweleka ngoNovemba 9, 1964, eneminyaka eyi-65. Nangona wayejongene nemingeni ebomini bakhe bonke, u-Young wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwinkalo yesayensi kunye nelifa lakhe liyaqhubeka likhuthaza izizukulwana ezizayo.

Kufuneka sikhumbule kwaye sibhiyozele ubomi kunye nomsebenzi kaRoger Arliner Young, kwaye siqhubeke sisebenzela icandelo lezesayensi elibandakanyayo nelohlukeneyo. Ukunyamezela kwakhe phezu kobunzima bubungqina bamandla okuzimisela nokubaluleka kokusukela iminqweno kabani.