Intshayelelo kwiiNyoka zempuku zaseMpuma

Iinyoka zempuku zaseMpuma, ezaziwa ngokwesayensi njenge-Pantherophis alleghaniensis, ziinyoka ze-colubrid ezingenabuhlungu ezizalelwa kuMntla Melika. Zikwabizwa ngokuba ziinyoka ezimnyama ngenxa yombala wazo omnyama kakhulu. Ezi nyoka zisasazwe ngokubanzi kwimpuma yeUnited States, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe ngumbono oqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi abathanda indalo. Ngeempawu zabo zomzimba ezinomdla kunye nokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, iiNyoka zeMpaku zaseMpuma ziye zatsala ingqalelo yabaphandi kunye nabathandi beenyoka ngokufanayo.

Imbonakalo kunye neempawu zoMzimba

Iinyoka zempuku zaseMpuma zidla ngokuba nkulu, nabantu abadala bafikelela kubude obungangeenyawo ezi-6 nangaphezulu. Zibonisa umbala omnyama omenyezelayo kwicala lazo lomqolo, zihlala zikhatshwa luthotho lwamabala amnyama angwevu okanye amdaka athi ngokuthe chu ukuya ngasesiswini sazo. Le pateni ibanceda badibanise kwindawo ebangqongileyo, ibenze babe ngabakhweli abagqwesileyo kwaye babe nobuchule bokuzingela amaxhoba abo. Amehlo azo makhulu kwaye arawndi ngokwentelekiso, ane iris emthubi esongezelela kwinkangeleko yazo emangalisayo.

Ukusasazwa kunye neNdawo yokuhlala

Iinyoka zempuku zaseMpuma zinoluhlu olukhulu lokusasaza olunqumla kwimpuma ye-United States. Zinokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala, kubandakanywa amahlathi, amaplanga, imigxobhozo, kunye neendawo zasezidolophini. Ezi nyoka zikwaziyo ukuqhelana nezimo ziyaziwa ngokuphumelela kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nasezidolophini. Zininzi kakhulu kumazwe asezantsi-mpuma, apho imozulu efudumeleyo kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo zibonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokuphila kwazo.

Ukutya kunye neMikhwa Yokutyisa

Iinyoka zempuku zaseMpuma zizilo ezizingelayo, zitya iindidi ngeendidi zamaxhoba. Njengoko igama labo libonisa, banobudlelwane obukhethekileyo beempuku ezifana neempuku kunye neempuku. Noko ke, ukutya kwabo kuquka iintaka, amaqanda, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, kwanezirhubuluzi ezincinci. Ezi nyoka zi-constrictors, okuthetha ukuthi ziloyisa ixhoba lazo ngokubhijela imizimba yazo enamandla kwaye ziwafuthanise. Emva kokubamba ixhoba labo, balidla liphelele, bencediswa yimihlathi yabo ebhetyebhetye kunye nomqala onwebekayo.

Ukuzala kunye noMjikelo woBomi

Iinyoka zempuku zaseMpuma zifikelela ekuvuthweni ngokwesondo malunga ne-3 ukuya kwi-5 yeminyaka ubudala. Ukuzala ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka entwasahlobo, amadoda akhuphisana ngokuhoywa kwabasetyhini. Emva kokukhwelana ngempumelelo, iimazi zizalela amaqanda ayi-10 ukuya kwangama-30 kwindawo efudumeleyo nefihlakeleyo, njengezigodo ezibolileyo okanye inkunkuma yamagqabi. Amaqanda ke aye ayekwa ukuba afukame kangangeentsuku ezingama-60. Xa sele ziqanduselwe, amantshontsho enyoka azimele kwaye kufuneka azikhusele. Bakhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye banokufikelela ubude beenyawo ezi-3 kunyaka wabo wokuqala.

Ukuziphatha kunye nobushushu

Iinyoka zempuku zaseMpuma zaziwa ngokuthozama kwazo kwaye azikho ndlongondlongo ebantwini. Xa zisongelwa, zikhetha ukuqhwesha kwaye zihlala zikhwela emithini okanye zizimele kwimingxunya zibaleka amarhamncwa. Nangona zizolile, ezi nyoka zikwazi ukukhwela intaba kwaye ziyaqubha. Bakwaziwa ngokubandakanyeka kubuthongo obudibeneyo ngexesha leenyanga zasebusika, apho abantu abaninzi bahlanganisana kwimingxunya engaphantsi komhlaba ukuze bafumane ukufudumala nokhuseleko.

Amarhamncwa kunye Nezoyikiso

Nangona i-Eastern Rat Snakes inamarhamncwa ambalwa endalo, zisajongene nezoyikiso ezithile kwindawo yazo. Iinyoka ezinkulu, ezifana nookhetshe kunye nezikhova, ziyaziwa ngokuzibamba ezi nyoka, ngakumbi abantu abancinci. Ukongezelela, abantu badla ngokuba sisisongelo ngokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokufa ezindleleni. Ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane nokurhweba ngokungekho mthethweni kwezilwanyana zasekhaya nako kunegalelo ekwehleni kwabemi bazo.

Ulungelelwaniso olulodwa lweeNyoka zempuku zaseMpuma

Olunye ulungelelwaniso olukhethekileyo lweeNyoka zempuku zaseMpuma kukukwazi ukukhwela emithini ngobuchule obumangalisayo. Zinezihlunu ezomeleleyo kunye namaxolo akhethekileyo kwizisu zazo, ezivumela ukuba zibambelele emasebeni kwaye ziqhubele phambili kwimithi. Obu buchule abuncedi kuphela kubuchule babo bokuzingela kodwa bukwabanika indawo yokusabela ekhuselekileyo kwiingozi ezinokubakho emhlabeni.

Ukubaluleka kwi-Ecosystem

Iinyoka zempuku zaseMpuma zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni iimpuku. Ngokutya iimpuku kunye neempuku, zinceda ukugcina ibhalansi kwi-ecosystem kwaye zithintele ukugcwala kwezi zinambuzane. Ukongeza, basebenza njengomthombo wokutya wamarhamncwa amakhulu, anegalelo kwindalo yonke yendalo ephilayo.

Isimo sokulondoloza kunye nosongelo

Iinyoka zeempuku zaseMpuma zidweliswe ngoku njengezona ntlobo zezona zixhalabisayo yiManyano yamaZwe ngamaZwe yoLondolozo lweNdalo (IUCN). Nangona kunjalo, ezinye ii-subspecies kunye nabemi bajongene namanani anciphayo ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuqhekeka, kunye nentshutshiso yabantu. Kubalulekile ukukhusela iindawo zabo zokuhlala kunye nokwazisa ngokubaluleka kwazo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila kwazo kwixesha elizayo.

Iimpawu ezinomdla kunye neempawu

Enye into ebangela umdla yeeNyoka zempuku zaseMpuma kukukwazi ukukhupha ivumba elimnandi xa zisongelwa okanye ziphathwa. Eli vumba lisebenza njengesithintelo kwizilwanyana ezinokuthi zihlasele, njengoko zinokuba mnandi kwaye zinamandla. Olunye uphawu olubangel’ umdla kukukwazi ukuyicaba imizimba yazo yaye ingcangcazelisa imisila, ixelisa inkangeleko nesandi senyoka enobuhlungu. Oku kuziphatha kusetyenziswa njengendlela yokukhusela ukoyikisa amarhamncwa kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuhlaselwa.

Iinyani ezinomdla malunga neeNyoka zempuku zaseMpuma

1. Iinyoka zempuku zaseMpuma zizidada ezibalaseleyo kwaye zihlala zifumaneka kufutshane nemithombo yamanzi, efana nemilambo namachibi.
2. Ezi nyoka zaziwa ngobuchule bazo obukhethekileyo bokukhwela kwaye zinokunyuka emithini kunye neendawo ezithe nkqo ngokulula.
3. Iinyoka zempuku zaseMpuma ziphakathi kwezona nyoka zinde kakhulu kuMntla Melika, kwaye abanye abantu bafikelela kubude obungaphezulu kweenyawo ezi-8.
4. Ngokuyintloko zisebenza rhoqo emini, oku kuthetha ukuba zisebenza kakhulu emini, kodwa zinokubonwa ezingela ebusuku.
5. Iinyoka zempuku zaseMpuma ziyaziwa ngobuchule bazo bokuzingela i-acrobatic kunye neembaleki, ezihlala zitsiba kumasebe ukuze zibambe amaxhoba azo.
6. Ezi nyoka zisebenzisa ulwimi lwazo ukuva imichiza kwindalo esingqongileyo, zizincede zifumane ixhoba elinokubakho kwaye zihambe kwindawo ezingqongileyo.
7. Iinyoka zempuku zaseMpuma ziphila iminyaka emalunga ne-15 ukuya kuma-20 endle, kodwa zinokuphila ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu ekuthinjweni.
8. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kunye nokomelela kwazo, iiNyoka zempuku zaseMpuma ziye zahlala ngempumelelo kwiindawo zasezidolophini, apho zinceda ukulawula iimpuku.
9. Zijongwa njengeenyoka eziluncedo ukuba nazo ngaphakathi nakufutshane namakhaya, njengoko zinceda ukugcina iimpuku zijonge.
10. Iinyoka zempuku zaseMpuma ziyakwazi ukunyamezela amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwaye zifumaneka zisebenza nangeenyanga ezipholileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yeenyoka ezimbalwa ezikwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu ebandayo.