Intshayelelo kwi-Oak Toads

Amaxoxo om-oki, aziwa ngokwenzululwazi ngokuba yi-Anaxyrus quercicus, zizilwanyana zasemanzini ezincinci ezihlala kusapho iBufonidae. Ziyazalelwa kumzantsi-mpuma we-United States kwaye ngokuyintloko zifumaneka kwiindawo zokuhlala ezilawulwa yi-oki, ngoko ke igama labo. La maxoxo adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ecosystem njengamarhamncwa kunye namaxhoba. Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwendalo, amaxoxo om-oki ajongene nemiba emininzi yezempilo ebeka esichengeni abantu bawo.

Indawo yokuhlala kunye noKwabiwa kwamaTodi e-Oak

Amaxoxo om-oki afumaneka ikakhulu kumazantsi-mpuma e-United States, ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezinomhlaba onesanti kunye nezityalo ezininzi. Bahlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala, kubandakanya ipine flatwoods, iihammocks ze-oki, kunye namahlathi axubileyo epine-hardwood. La maxoxo akhetha indawo efumileyo enokufikelela kumachibi, imisele, okanye imigxobhozo yethutyana ngeenjongo zokuzala. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuqhekeka kweendawo zokuhlala kunye nokutshatyalaliswa, ukusasazwa kwazo kuye kwalinganiselwa, oku kubenza babe sesichengeni sezoyikiso ezahlukeneyo.

Iimpawu zoMzimba weeTodi ze-Oak

Amaxoxo om-oki mancinci ngokomlinganiselo, ngokomlinganiselo aphakathi kwe-intshi e-1 kunye ne-2 ubude. Banemilenze emifutshane kunye neenyawo ezi-web-web ezinceda kubomi babo obungaphantsi kwamanzi. Ulusu lwazo lomile kwaye lunentsumpa, ukusuka kumbala ongwevu ukuya kubomvu-mdaka okanye umnquma. Enye yeempawu eziphawulekayo zamaxoxo e-oki kubukho bomgca omnyama osuka kwiliso ukuya egxalabeni. Lo mgca unceda ukuzohlula kwezinye iintlobo ezisondeleleneyo.

Ukuveliswa kwakhona kunye noMjikelo woBomi we-Oak Toads

Amaxoxo om-oki anendlela eyodwa yokuzala eyenza ahluke kwezinye izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini. Ngabafuyi abaqhumayo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba baqokelelana ngobuninzi kwimigxobhozo yethutyana emva kweziganeko zokuna kweemvula ezinkulu. Iinkunzi zivelisa iminxeba eyahlukileyo, nephezulu ukutsala iimazi. Nje ukuba iimazi zikhethe iqabane, zibeka amaqanda kumanzi angekho nzulu. Amaqanda aqandusela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kwaye i-tadpoles ikhula ngokukhawuleza, i-metamorphosis ibe ngamantshontsho kwiiveki ezimbalwa.

Ukutya kunye neZiqhelo zokuTya ii-Oak Toads

Amaxoxo e-Oak azizilwanyana zasebusuku, ezondla ikakhulu izilwanyana ezincinci ezingenamqolo ezifana nezinambuzane, izigcawu, kunye neentshulube. Zisebenzisa ulwimi lwazo oluncangathi ukuze zibambe amaxhoba, athi awaginye ngokupheleleyo. La maxoxo ngamarhamncwa ahlala-alinde, axhomekeke kwi-camouflage kunye nokukwazi kwawo ukuhlala engashukumi ixesha elide ukuze alalele ixhoba elingalindelanga. Ukutya kwazo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ulungelelwano lwezinambuzane kwindawo yazo.

Izigrogriso kwi-Oak Toad Population

Amaxoxo om-oki ajongene nezoyikiso ezininzi ezinegalelo ekuncipheni kwabemi bawo. Ukulahleka kweendawo zokuhlala kunye nokuqhekeka ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu ezidolophini, ezolimo, nokugawulwa kwemithi zezona zinto zixhalabisayo. Ukongeza, ungcoliseko oluvela kwizitshabalalisi kunye nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, kunye nokungcoliseka kwamanzi, kuyichaphazela kakubi impilo kunye nokuphila kwabo. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye neziganeko zemozulu ezinxunguphalisayo, nako kubeka isoyikiso esimandla kula maxoxo. Ukudityaniswa kwezi zinto kukhokelele ekulahlekeni kweendawo ezifanelekileyo zokufuya kunye nokuncipha kweyantlukwano yemfuza phakathi kwamasele oki oki.

Imiba yeMpilo eqhelekileyo kwi-Oak Toads

Amaxoxo e-Oak atyekele kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yezempilo enokuba neziphumo ezibi kuluntu lwazo. Eyona miba ixhaphakileyo yezempilo ibandakanya usulelo lwezifunxi-gazi, izifo zokungunda, usulelo lwentsholongwane, kunye neempembelelo zezinto zokusingqongileyo ezifana nongcoliseko kunye nokonakala kwendawo.

Usulelo lweParasitic kwi-Oak Toads

Usulelo lwe-Parasitic luyinkxalabo ebalulekileyo kumaxoxo oki. Zisenokosulelwa zizifunxi-gazi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifana namakhalane, amangolwane, kunye nee<em>leeches, ezinokubangela ukucaphuka nokungakhululeki kolusu. Izifunxi-gazi zangaphakathi, eziquka i-nematodes kunye ne-trematodes, nazo zisenokosulela la maxoxo, nto leyo ekhokelela kukonakala kwamalungu kunye nokonakala kwamajoni omzimba. Olu sulelo lunokuwenza buthathaka amaxoxo, luwenze achaphazeleke ngakumbi kwezinye izifo kwaye lunciphise ukomelela kwawo ngokupheleleyo.

Izifo zefungal ezichaphazela i-Oak Toads

Izifo zefungal, ngokukodwa ezibangelwa yi-fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), zibeka ingozi enkulu kwiintambo ze-oki. I-Bd inokosulela ulusu lwala maxoxo, ikhokelela kwimeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi-chytridiomycosis. Esi sifo senza ukuba amaxoxo angakwazi ukufunxa amanzi kunye nee-electrolyte eluswini lwawo, nto leyo ephumela ekubeni aphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, angakwazi ukulinganisa i-electrolyte, aze ekugqibeleni afe. I-Cytridiomycosis inoxanduva lokuhla okubonakalayo kwi-amphibian populations kwihlabathi jikelele.

Usulelo lweNtsholongwane kwi-Oak Toads

Iibhokhwe ze-Oak nazo zinokuchaphazeleka kwizifo zentsholongwane, nangona uphando oluncinci luye lwenziwa kulo mbandela. IiRanaviruses, iqela leentsholongwane ezichaphazela izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, ziye zaxelwa kwezinye iintlobo kwaye zinokuchaphazela neesele ze-oki. Ezi ntsholongwane zinokubangela usulelo lwenkqubo, olukhokelela ekuphumeni kwegazi, ukusilela kwamalungu, kunye nokufa. Uphononongo olongezelelweyo luyimfuneko ukuqonda ukuxhaphaka kunye neempembelelo zosulelo lwentsholongwane kumaxoxo om-oki.

Imiba yokusingqongileyo echaphazela impilo ye-Oak Toad

Izinto ezisingqongileyo zinendima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yamaxoxo om-oki. Ungcoliseko, kubandakanywa izibulali-zinambuzane, i-herbicides, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa iikhemikhali, zinokuqokelela kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo kwaye zichaphazele kakubi amajoni abo omzimba, impumelelo yokuzala, kunye nempilo yonke. Ukonakaliswa kweendawo zokuhlala kunye nokuqhekeka kuyenza ibe mibi ngakumbi le miba, inciphisa ukufumaneka kweendawo ezifanelekileyo zokufuya nokwandisa uxinzelelo kumaxoxo. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu okunxulumeneyo kunye neepatheni ezitshintshileyo zokuna kwemvula, nako kunokuchaphazela amaxesha azo okuzala kunye namazinga okuphila.

Iinzame zoLondolozo lweeToad ze-Oak

Ngenxa yezoyikiso ezininzi ezijongene namaxoxo om-oki, iinzame zolondolozo zibalulekile ukuze ziphile ixesha elide. Ukulondolozwa nokubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala, kunye nokudalwa kweendawo ezikhuselweyo, kubalulekile ekuboneleleni ngeendawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo zokufuya nokutyisa la maxoxo. Ukongeza, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi kwiindawo zabo zokuhlala kunokunceda ukuphucula impilo yabo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo. Amaphulo okwazisa uluntu kunye nemfundo nawo angadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukulondolozwa kwamaxoxo om-oki kunye neendawo zawo zokuhlala, ukukhuthaza ukuqonda okungaphezulu kunye noxabiso ngezi zilwanyana ezihlala emanzini zingaqhelekanga.