Intshayelelo kwiiToad zaseMelika

Amaxoxo aseMelika, aziwa ngokwesayensi njengeAnaxyrus americanus, luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesele olufumaneka kuwo wonke uMntla Melika. Bangabentsapho yaseBufonidae kwaye baziwa ngenkangeleko yabo eyahlukileyo kunye neefowuni zokukhwelana ezizodwa. Amaxoxo aseMelika adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ecosystem njengamarhamncwa kunye nexhoba, kwaye impilo yawo ibalulekile ekugcineni ulungelelwaniso lweendawo zokuhlala.

Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokusasazwa kweeToad zaseMelika

Amaxoxo aseMelika anokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala kulo lonke elaseMntla Melika, kubandakanya amahlathi, ingca, iindawo ezimanzi kunye neendawo zasezidolophini. Zinoluhlu olubanzi losasazo olusuka kumazantsi eKhanada ukuya kumzantsi-mpuma weUnited States. La maxoxo aguquguquka kakhulu kwaye ayakwazi ukuphumelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, okoko nje ekwazi ukufikelela kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zokuzalela kunye nemithombo yokutya eyaneleyo.

Iimpawu zoMzimba zamaTodi aseMelika

Amaxoxo aseMelika anomzimba owomeleleyo onolusu olurhabaxa, olunentsumpa olubonelela ngokufihlakala kunye nokhuseleko kumarhamncwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo balinganisa phakathi kwe-intshi ezi-2 ukuya kwi-4.5 ubude, kunye nabasetyhini ukuba bakhulu kancinci kunamadoda. Umbala wazo uyahluka, kodwa zihlala zinemithunzi emdaka, engwevu, okanye eluhlaza enamabala amnyama emqolo. Ulusu lwamaxoxo aseMelika luqulathe amadlala akhupha izinto eziyityhefu, ezisebenza njengendlela yokuzikhusela kumarhamncwa.

UkuVeliswa kunye noMjikelo woBomi weAmerican Toads

Indlela yokukhwelana yamaxoxo aseMelika ngumbono onika umdla. Ngexesha lokuzala, iinkunzi ziqokelelana kufuphi neendawo ezinamanzi kwaye zivelise i-trill ephezulu ukutsala iimazi. Nje ukuba imazi ikhethe iqabane, inkunzi ibambelela emqolo, indlela yokuziphatha eyaziwa ngokuba yi-amplexus. Imazi ibeka imitya emide yamaqanda kumanzi angekho nzulu, aze aqanduselwe oonovane kwisithuba seveki. I-Tadpoles ifumana i-metamorphosis, iguquka ibe ngamaxoxo amancinci kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.

Ukutya kunye neMikhwa yokuTya iiToad zaseMelika

Amaxoxo aseMelika adla ngokutya iindidi ezininzi zezilwanyana ezingenamqolo, eziquka izinambuzane, izigcawu, iintshulube kunye neenkumba. Baneqhinga lokuzingela lokuhlala-kwaye-balinda, apho bahlala bengashukumi de ixhoba lifike kumgama omangalisayo. Ngeelwimi zabo ezincangathi, amaxoxo aseMelika abamba aze aginye ixhoba lawo liphelele. Ukuthanda kwabo izinambuzane kuzenza zibe luncedo kubalimi nakumafama ngokunceda ekulawuleni izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo.

Imiba yeMpilo eqhelekileyo kwiiToad zaseMelika

Ngelixa amaxoxo aseMelika azizidalwa ezomeleleyo ngokubanzi, anokuba sesichengeni kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yezempilo. Ezinye zezona zigulo zixhaphakileyo ezichaphazela la maxoxo ziquka izifo zolusu kunye nosulelo, ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumla, ukuhlaselwa ziintsholongwane, ubuthi, kunye netyhefu. Kubalulekile kubantu abathanda amaxoxo kunye neengcali zezilwanyana zasendle ukuba bazi ngale miba yezempilo ukuze baqinisekise impilo-ntle kunye nolondolozo lwamaxoxo aseMelika.

Izifo zolusu kunye nezifo kwi-American Toads

Amaxoxo aseMelika anokubandezeleka ngenxa yezifo ezininzi zolusu kunye nosulelo, njengosulelo lomngundo kunye ne-bacterial dermatitis. Ukungunda okufana ne-amphibian chytrid fungus kunokubangela izilonda zolusu kwaye kuphazamise ukukwazi kwexoxo ukuphefumla ngolusu lwalo. I-bacterial dermatitis, edla ngokubangelwa yinkxalabo yokusingqongileyo, inokukhokelela kumanxeba avulekileyo kunye nosulelo lwesibini. Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kwempilo kunganceda ukuthintela kunye nokunyanga ezi meko.

Iziphazamiso zokuphefumla kwiiToad zaseMelika

Iziphazamiso zokuphefumla, kuquka inyumoniya kunye nezifunxi-gazi zemiphunga, zinokuchaphazela amaxoxo aseMelika. Inyumoniya idla ngokubangelwa lusulelo lwebhaktiriya okanye lomngundo, olukhokelela kubunzima bokuphefumla kunye nokutyhafa. Izifunxi-gazi zemiphunga, njengemisundululu, zinokuhlasela inkqubo yokuphefumla kwaye zonakalise ukutshintshiselana ngeoksijini. Ukungena komoya okwaneleyo, imithombo yamanzi acocekileyo, kunye nokhathalelo lwezilwanyana olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile ekulawuleni ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumla kumaxoxo aseMelika.

Ukuhlaselwa kweParasitic kwiiToad zaseMelika

Amaxoxo aseMelika anokuba lixhoba leentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Iiparasites eziqhelekileyo zangaphakathi ziquka i-nematodes kunye ne-trematodes, ezinokuchaphazela inkqubo yokugaya kunye nempilo yonke yexoxo. Izifunxi-gazi ezingaphandle, ezifana namangolwane namakhalane, zinokubangela ukucaphuka, ukonakala kolusu, nokusasaza izifo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwee-parasite kunye neeprothokholi ezifanelekileyo zonyango kunokunceda ukukhusela nokulawula uhlaselo.

Ubuthi kunye netyhefu kwiiToads zaseMelika

Ngelixa amaxoxo aseMelika enokukhuselwa kwesikhumba esinetyhefu, anokuba sesichengeni sobutyhefu kunye netyhefu ngokwawo. Ukuvezwa kungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, kubandakanywa amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kunye neentsimbi ezinzima, zinokuqokelelana emizimbeni yazo kwaye zikhokelele kubuthi benkqubo. Ukuginya amaxhoba okanye izityalo ezinetyhefu nazo zinokuwenzakalisa amaxoxo aseMelika. Ukugcina imeko-bume ecocekileyo nengenayo ityhefu kubalulekile kwimpilo-ntle yabo.

Imiba yokusingqongileyo echaphazela impilo yeToad yaseMelika

Izinto ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo zinokuchaphazela impilo yamaxoxo aseMelika. Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ungcoliseko, utshintsho lwemozulu, kunye nokungeniswa kweentlobo ezingezizo ezomthonyama kunokuphazamisa indalo yazo yendalo kwaye kwandise ukuba sesichengeni kwezifo kunye noxinzelelo. Iinzame zolondolozo kufuneka zigxile ekugcineni iindawo zazo zokuhlala, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko, kunye nokukhuthaza izenzo ezizinzileyo zokukhusela impilo yamaxoxo aseMelika kunye nenkqubo yawo yendalo.

Iinzame zoLondolozo lweeToad zaseMelika

Iinzame zolondolozo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni impilo kunye nentlalontle yamaxoxo aseMelika. Amanyathelo anjengokubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala, iinkqubo zokufuya abathinjiweyo, kunye nemfundo yoluntu inceda ukwazisa ngokubaluleka kwala maxoxo kunye nesimo sawo solondolozo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemibutho yolondolozo, abaphandi, kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kubalulekile ekuphumezeni izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokuqinisekisa ukusinda kwexesha elide lamaxoxo aseMelika kunye neendawo zokuhlala.

Ukuqukumbela, amaxoxo aseMelika ajongana nemiceli mngeni eyahlukeneyo yezempilo, kubandakanya izifo zolusu, ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumla, uhlaselo lwe-parasitic, ubuthi, kunye nefuthe lemeko yokusingqongileyo. Ngokuqonda le miba yezempilo eqhelekileyo, ukuphumeza iinzame zolondolozo, kunye nokukhuthaza izenzo ezinoxanduva, sinokunceda ukukhusela impilo kunye nokugcinwa kwamaxoxo aseMelika ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo.