What is Cushing’s disease in dogs?

Cushing’s disease, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, is a condition commonly found in dogs that occurs when the adrenal glands produce an excess of cortisol hormone. Cortisol is essential for various bodily functions, including regulating metabolism, responding to stress, and maintaining immune system health. However, an overproduction of cortisol can lead to significant health issues. Cushing’s disease can be classified into two types: pituitary-dependent Cushing’s disease, which is caused by a tumor in the pituitary gland, and adrenal-dependent Cushing’s disease, caused by an adrenal tumor or enlargement.

Understanding the causes of Cushing’s disease

Pituitary-dependent Cushing’s disease is the most common form in dogs, accounting for approximately 85-90% of cases. It occurs when the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, produces excessive amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This hormone stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, leading to the symptoms associated with Cushing’s disease. Adrenal-dependent Cushing’s disease, on the other hand, is caused by a tumor in one or both of the adrenal glands, leading to the overproduction of cortisol. It is less common, accounting for around 15% of cases.

Recognizing the symptoms of Cushing’s disease

Cushing’s disease can present a wide range of symptoms that may vary depending on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Some common signs to look out for include increased thirst and urination, excessive hunger, weight gain, hair loss, thinning skin, muscle weakness, panting, lethargy, and recurrent infections. Dogs with Cushing’s disease may also develop a pot-bellied appearance and have a tendency to bruise easily. It is crucial for pet owners to be vigilant and seek veterinary attention if they notice any of these symptoms, as early detection and treatment can greatly improve the prognosis for their furry companions.