Introduction to Luxated Patella in Dogs

Luxated patella is a common orthopedic condition in dogs, particularly in small breeds. Simply put, it means a dislocated kneecap. This condition occurs when the patella, which is the kneecap, moves out of place from its normal position in the groove of the thigh bone. It can cause discomfort, pain, and lameness in dogs, and if left untreated, it can lead to more severe orthopedic problems.

Understanding the Anatomy of a Dog’s Knee

To understand luxated patella, it’s essential to know the anatomy of a dog’s knee. A dog’s knee is also called a stifle joint, which is made up of the femur bone, tibia bone, and patella. The patella sits in a groove at the end of the femur and moves up and down when the leg is bent or extended. The patella is held in place by tendons and ligaments that attach it to the thigh and lower leg bones. When these structures weaken or fail, the patella can slip out of the groove, leading to a luxated patella.

What Causes a Luxated Patella in Dogs?

The cause of luxated patella in dogs is not entirely clear, but it’s believed to be a combination of genetics, anatomy, and trauma. Small breeds, such as Chihuahuas, Pomeranians, and Yorkshire Terriers, are more prone to this condition due to their shallow grooves in the thigh bone. In contrast, large breeds, such as Great Danes and Saint Bernards, can develop luxated patella due to trauma. Obesity and lack of exercise can also contribute to the development of this condition as it weakens the muscles and ligaments that support the patella.