How Do Dogs Breathe?

Dogs, like humans, inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide through their respiratory system. The process starts when a dog inhales air through its nostrils and mouth. The air then passes through the trachea, which is a tube that connects the nose and mouth to the lungs. The trachea splits into two bronchi, which lead to the left and right lungs. Once the air reaches the lungs, it passes through small air sacs called alveoli, where oxygen is transferred to the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.

Normal Breathing vs. Abnormal Breathing

Normal breathing in dogs is characterized by a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation, with a resting respiratory rate of 10-30 breaths per minute. Abnormal breathing, on the other hand, can be a sign of respiratory distress. Dogs may exhibit different types of abnormal breathing, such as labored breathing, rapid breathing, noisy breathing, open-mouth breathing, and periodic breathing.

Signs of Respiratory Distress in Dogs

Dogs with respiratory distress may show a variety of signs, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition. Some of the common signs of respiratory distress in dogs include:

Labored Breathing in Dogs

Labored breathing is characterized by difficulty breathing, as if the dog is struggling to get enough air. Dogs with labored breathing may have an increased respiratory rate, shallow breathing, or abdominal breathing, where the abdomen moves in and out with each breath.

Coughing and Wheezing in Dogs

Coughing and wheezing are signs of airway irritation or inflammation. Dogs may cough or wheeze to clear their throat or lungs, or in response to allergens, infections, or other irritants.

Rapid Breathing in Dogs

Rapid breathing, also known as tachypnea, is characterized by a high respiratory rate, usually above 40 breaths per minute. Rapid breathing can be a sign of respiratory distress, pain, anxiety, or fever.

Noisy Breathing in Dogs

Noisy breathing, such as snoring, snorting, or rasping, can be a sign of airway obstruction, narrowing, or inflammation. Dogs may also make grunting or gagging sounds when they have difficulty breathing.

Bluish Gums and Tongue in Dogs

Bluish gums and tongue, also known as cyanosis, are signs of low oxygen levels in the bloodstream. Dogs with cyanosis may have difficulty breathing, pale or blueish mucous membranes, and lethargy.

Open-Mouth Breathing in Dogs

Open-mouth breathing, also known as panting, is a normal behavior in dogs to regulate their body temperature and cool down. However, dogs with respiratory distress may pant excessively, with shallow or rapid breaths, and drooling.

Collapse and Loss of Consciousness in Dogs

Severe respiratory distress can lead to collapse, loss of consciousness, and even death if left untreated. Dogs may become weak, unresponsive, or have seizures when their brain and organs do not receive enough oxygen.

Causes of Respiratory Distress in Dogs

Respiratory distress in dogs can have various causes, such as:

• Upper respiratory infections, such as kennel cough, influenza, or pneumonia
• Allergic reactions, such as to food, medication, or environmental allergens
• Trauma, such as from choking, suffocation, or head injury
• Structural abnormalities, such as collapsing trachea, laryngeal paralysis, or brachycephalic syndrome
• Cancer or tumors, such as in the lungs or throat
• Heart or lung disease, such as congestive heart failure, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

When to Seek Veterinary Care for Respiratory Distress

Respiratory distress in dogs should be taken seriously and treated promptly by a veterinarian. If your dog shows any signs of respiratory distress, such as labored breathing, coughing, wheezing, rapid breathing, noisy breathing, bluish gums, open-mouth breathing, or collapse, seek veterinary care immediately. Your veterinarian may perform diagnostic tests, such as bloodwork, X-rays, or ultrasound, and provide oxygen therapy, medications, or surgery depending on the underlying cause. Early intervention can improve the prognosis and prevent complications in dogs with respiratory distress.