UMary Allen
Intshayelelo: URhino okanye iNdlovu?
Xa kufikwa kwizilwanyana zomhlaba ezinkulu emhlabeni, amagama amabini afika engqondweni: ubhejane kunye nendlovu. Zombini ezi zilwanyana zanyisayo zaziwa ngobungakanani bazo obumangalisayo, amandla azo kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo. Kodwa yeyiphi enkulu ngokwenene? Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ubungakanani, i-anatomy, indlela yokuziphatha, kunye nokutya kwemikhombe kunye neendlovu ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi eyona ntshatsheli kubunzima bobunzima bezilwanyana.
Ubungakanani beRhino: Iinyani kunye namanani
Imikhombe yaziwa ngokuba qinile kwaye inenkangeleko eninzi, inesikhumba esishinyeneyo kunye neempondo ezinkulu ezimpumlweni. Kodwa zinkulu kangakanani? Ubunzima bomkhombe omdala busuka kwi-1,800 ukuya kwi-2,700 kg (4,000 ukuya kwi-6,000 lbs), ngelixa ubude obuphakathi kwegxalaba bumalunga ne-1.5 ukuya kwi-1.8 yeemitha (iinyawo ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-6). Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemikhombe, kwaye ubukhulu bayo bunokwahluka. Umzekelo, umkhombe omhlophe lolona didi lukhulu, neenkunzi ezinobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-2,300 (5,000 lbs) kwaye zime ukuya kutsho kwi-1.8 yeemitha (6 iinyawo) ubude emagxeni.
Ubungakanani bendlovu: Iinyaniso kunye namanani
Kwelinye icala, iindlovu zaziwa ngeziqu zazo ezinde, iindlebe ezinkulu kunye nemizimba emikhulu. Iindlovu ezindala zinobunzima obususela kwi-2,700 ukuya kwi-6,000 kg (6,000 ukuya kwi-13,000 lbs) kwaye zime ukuya kwi-3 yeemitha (10 iinyawo) ubude emagxeni. Iindlovu zase-Afrika zinkulu kunezinye zase-Asia, kunye neenkunzi ezinobunzima obufikelela kwi-5,500 kg (12,000 lbs) kwaye zime ukuya kwi-4 yeemitha (13 iinyawo) ubude emagxeni. Iindlovu eziziimazi zincinci kancinane, zine-avareji yobunzima obuyi-2,700 ukuya kwi-3,600 kg (6,000 ukuya ku-8,000 lbs) kunye nomndilili wobude obuziimitha ezi-2.4 ukuya kwezi-2.7 (iinyawo ezisi-8 ukuya kwezisi-9) egxalabeni.
Ukuthelekiswa koMndilili wobunzima
Xa kufikwa kubunzima, iindlovu ngokucacileyo zisilwanyana esikhulu. I-avareji yobunzima bomkhombe bujikeleze i-2,000 kg (4,400 lbs), ngelixa ubunzima obuqhelekileyo bendlovu bujikeleze i-4,500 kg (10,000 lbs). Oku kuthetha ukuba ubunzima beendlovu bungaphezu kobunzima obuphindwe kabini kobemikhombe, nto leyo eyenza ibe ngabo abaphumeleleyo ngokucacileyo kolu didi.
Ukuthelekiswa kwe-Average Heights
Ngokobude, nangona kunjalo, umahluko phakathi kwemikhombe neendlovu awubalulekanga kangako. Ngelixa iindlovu zinde ngokomyinge, ezinye iintlobo zifikelela kwiimitha ezi-4 (13 iinyawo) egxalabeni, imikhombe ayikho kude ngasemva. Umndilili wobude bomkhombe ujikeleze i-1.8 yeemitha (iinyawo ezi-6), obufutshane nje kancinci kunomndilili wobude bendlovu.
I-Rhino Anatomy: Iimpawu zoMzimba
Imikhombe inenkangeleko eyahlukileyo, inolusu olushinyeneyo, iimpondo ezinkulu, nemizimba emile okwebhali. Iimpondo zazo zenziwe ngekeratin, nto leyo efana neenwele neenzipho zomntu, yaye zinokukhula zibe ziimitha ezisisi-1.5 ubude. Kwakhona imikhombe ineendlebe ezibukhali kwaye inevamvo elibukhali lokujoja, nto leyo eyincedayo ukuba ikwazi ukuhambahamba kwindawo ekuyo kwaye iphephe ingozi.
Elephant Anatomy: Body Features
Iindlovu zaziwa ngemiboko yazo emide, eneneni isandiso sempumlo kunye nomlebe ongasentla. Basebenzisa imiboko yabo kwimisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka ukutyisa, ukusela, nokuzonwabisa. Iindlovu nazo zineendlebe ezinkulu, ezizisebenzisayo ukukhupha ubushushu nokunxibelelana nezinye iindlovu. Amabamba azo, azii-incisors ezinde, anokukhula abe ziimitha ezi-3 (iinyawo ezili-10) ubude kwaye asetyenziselwa ukuzikhusela kunye nokugrumba.
Ukuziphatha kweRhino: Ubomi beNtlalo
Imikhombe zizilwanyana ezihlala zodwa, ngaphandle koomama abanyamekela amantshontsho abo. Zizidalwa zommandla kwaye ziya kukhusela ummandla wazo kweminye imikhombe. Bakwaziwa ngokuziphatha kwabo ndlongondlongo kwaye baya kuhlawulisa ngokwezoyikiso ezicingelwayo, kuquka nabantu.
Ukuziphatha kweendlovu: Ubomi beNtlalo
Iindlovu zizilwanyana ezihlala kakhulu, zihlala kwimihlambi ekhokelwa yimazi enkulu eyaziwa ngokuba yi-matriarch. Banenkqubo yonxibelelwano entsonkothileyo, esebenzisa izandi, izimbo zomzimba, nokuchukumisa ukuze banxibelelane. Iindlovu zikwadume ngobukrelekrele bazo kwaye ziye zabonwa zibonakalisa uvelwano, intlungu, kwanokuzazi.
Ukutya kweRhino: Yintoni abayityayo
Imikhombe zizilwanyana ezitya utyani, itya kakhulu ingca, amagqabi, iziqhamo kunye namahlumelo. Banenkqubo ekhethekileyo yokugaya evumela ukuba bakhuphe izondlo kwizinto ezinzima zezityalo, kuquka i-cellulose.
Ukutya Kwendlovu: Yintoni Ekutyayo
Iindlovu zikwazizilwanyana ezitya utyani, zitya kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zezityalo, kuquka ingca, amagqabi, amaxolo kunye neziqhamo. Banomdla omkhulu kwaye banokutya ukuya kwi-150 kg (330 lbs) yokutya ngemini. Iindlovu zikwafuna amanzi amaninzi, ukusela ukuya kutsho kwiilitha ezingama-50 (iilitha ezili-13) ngosuku.
Ukuqukumbela: Yeyiphi enkulu?
Ngokobunzima, iindlovu ngokucacileyo zisilwanyana esikhulu, kunye nobunzima obuyi-4,500 kg (10,000 lbs) xa kuthelekiswa nobunzima obuqhelekileyo bomkhombe, ojikeleze i-2,000 kg (4,400 lbs). Noko ke, xa kuthethwa ngobude, umahluko phakathi kwezi zilwanyana zibini awubalulekanga kangako. Ngelixa iindlovu zinde nge-avareji, kunye nezinye iintlobo zifikelela kwi-4 yeemitha (13 iinyawo) egxalabeni, imikhombe ayikho kude ngasemva, kunye nobude obuphakathi kwe-1.8 yeemitha (6 iinyawo). Ekugqibeleni, imikhombe kunye neendlovu zizidalwa ezinomtsalane, nganye kuzo ineempawu zayo ezahlukileyo, indlela yokuziphatha kunye nokutya.