UMary Allen
Intshayelelo: Uthelekiso phakathi kwezinja nookrebe
Izinja kunye nookrebe zizilwanyana ezibini ezaziwa ngokuva ivumba elikhethekileyo. Ngelixa izinja ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwisakhono sazo sokubona ivumba, ookrebe bahlala bengahoywa kulo mba. Nangona kunjalo, zombini izilwanyana zineendlela ezizodwa zokuziqhelanisa ezizenza zikulungele kakuhle ukubona amavumba kwindawo yazo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthelekisa iinkqubo zokuvumba kwezinja kunye nookrebe ukufumanisa ukuba sesiphi isilwanyana esinemvakalelo engcono yokuvumba.
I-Anatomy yenkqubo yokuvumba kwizinja kunye nookrebe
Inkqubo yokuphunga inoxanduva lokubona kunye nokulungisa amavumba kwizilwanyana. Kwizinja, inkqubo yokuvumba ifumaneka kumngxunya wempumlo kwaye yenziwe ngamacandelo amaninzi, kubandakanywa i-epithelium enukayo, i-turbinates, kunye nebhalbhu yokuvumba. Kwelinye icala, ookrebe banenkqubo yokuphunga ebekwe emathatheni abo yaye yenziwe ngamalungu amabini okunuka aziwa ngokuba yirosette yokunuka. Irozi yenziwe ngeelamellae ezininzi, okanye ukugotywa, okwandisa indawo yokukhangela amavumba.
Ukuqonda ingqikelelo yokufunyanwa kwevumba
Ukufunyaniswa kwevumba kukukwazi ukuchonga kunye nokwahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamavumba okusingqongileyo. Obu buchule bubalulekile kwizilwanyana ezixhomekeke kwivumba ekuzingeleni, ukuhamba ngenqanawa kunye nokunxibelelana. Ezinjeni, ukufunyaniswa kwevumba kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukukhangela amavumba anxulumene neziqhushumbisi, i-narcotics, kunye nevumba lomntu. Kokrebe, ukufunyaniswa kwevumba kusetyenziswa ukubona ixhoba, amaqabane, kunye namarhamncwa anokuba ngamaxhoba. Zombini izinja kunye nookrebe bayakwazi ukubona amavumba kwindawo ephantsi kakhulu, rhoqo kwiindawo ngebhiliyoni nganye.
Indima yebhalbhu yokuvumba ekusekweni kwevumba
Ibhalbhu yokuvumba sisakhiwo esisengqondweni esifumana amagalelo kwizamkeli zokunusa kumngxuma weempumlo. Kwizinja, ibhalbhu yokuvumba inkulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba izinja zinengqiqo ephuhlileyo yokuvumba. Kokrebe, ibhalbhu yokuvumba iphuhliswe kakuhle kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni amavumba.
Inani leeseli ze-olfactory receptor kwizinja kunye nookrebe
Iiseli ze-olfactory receptor ziiseli ezikhethekileyo kumngxuma weempumlo ezibona amavumba. Ezinjeni, inani leeseli ze-olfactory receptor liqikelelwa ukuba liphakathi kwe-125 kunye ne-300 yezigidi, eziphakamileyo kakhulu kunabantu. Kokrebe, inani leeseli ze-olfactory receptor liphezulu nangakumbi, ezinye iintlobo zineeseli ze-receptor ezingaphezu kwe-10,000,000.
Ukukwazi ukubona iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamavumba
Izinja kunye nookrebe banamandla okubona uluhlu olubanzi lwamavumba, kubandakanywa neekhemikhali ezingenakubonwa ngabantu. Izinja ziqeqeshelwe ukubona amavumba athile, afana neziqhushumbisi, iinarcotics, kunye nevumba lomntu, ngelixa ookrebe bekwazi ukubona ivumba legazi, umchamo, kunye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba.
Ukuthelekisa uvakalelo lwenja kunye neempumlo zikakrebe
Zombini izinja kunye nookrebe banempumlo ebuthathaka ngendlela emangalisayo, nto leyo ebavumela ukuba babone amavumba kwindawo ephantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ookrebe bayakwazi ukubona ivumba elimnandi kwindawo ephantsi kunezinja, nto leyo ebenza bakulungele ukubona ixhoba elwandle.
Impembelelo yamanzi ekubhaqweni kwevumba kookrebe
Amanzi anempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekubhaqweni kwevumba kookrebe, njengoko enokuhlambulula amavumba kwaye abenze kube nzima ukubhaqwa. Noko ke, ookrebe baye baqhelana nale meko ngokusebenzisa irosette yabo enuka kamnandi ukuze babone ivumba eliya ngakulo umsinga wamanzi, nto leyo ebenza bakwazi ukulikhangela kakuhle ixhoba.
Indlela izinja nookrebe ezisebenzisa ngayo izivamvo zabo zokujoja ekuzingeleni
Izinja kunye nookrebe bobabini basebenzisa amandla abo okujoja ukuze bafumane ixhoba. Izinja zisoloko zisetyenziswa zii-arhente zogcino-mthetho ukubona ii-narcotics, iziqhushumbisi kunye nevumba lomntu, ngelixa ookrebe besebenzisa imvakalelo yabo yokujoja ukuze bafumane ixhoba elwandle.
Ukuqeqesha izinja kunye nookrebe ukuze babone ivumba
Izinja ziqhele ukuqeqeshelwa ukubona ivumba, zisebenzisa iindlela zokuqinisa ukuzifundisa ukuqaphela amavumba athile. Ookrebe, kwelinye icala, abaqhelanga ukuqeqeshelwa ukubona ivumba, kodwa kukho ithuba lokusebenzisa ookrebe ukufumana amavumba athile elwandle.
Ukubanakho ukusebenzisa ookrebe ukubona ivumba
Ookrebe banesakhono sokusetyenziselwa ukubona ivumba kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, kubandakanywa ukuqaphela izinto ezingcolisa ulwandle kunye nokukhangela abantu abalahlekileyo kwimizimba yamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukuze kubonwe ukuba nokwenzeka kokusetyenziswa kookrebe ekubhaqeni ivumba kunye neendlela zoqeqesho ezingcono ukwenza oko.
Isiphelo: Sesiphi isilwanyana esiziva ngcono ukujoja?
Zombini izinja kunye nookrebe banezivamvo zokujoja ezikhethekileyo, kodwa kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba sesiphi isilwanyana esiziva ngcono ukujoja. Izinja ziqeqeshelwe ukuqaphela ivumba kwaye zinenkqubo ephuhliswe kakhulu yokuvumba, ngelixa ookrebe baziqhelanise nokufumanisa amavumba elwandle kwindawo ephantsi kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, impendulo yalo mbuzo ixhomekeke kwisicelo esithile kunye nohlobo lwevumba elifunyenweyo.