UMary Allen
IiCorvids zinegama elahluke kakhulu kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo: abanye abantu bababona njengababhengezo bethamsanqa, abanye njengabathunywa bezithixo.
iimpawu
Iintaka zehlungulu zikhangeleka njani?
Zonke iicorvids zinomlomo owomeleleyo ngokufanayo. Kodwa phantse zonke, kuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye. Awona mahlungulu makhulu ngamahlungulu aqhelekileyo (Corvus corax). Zineentsiba ezimnyama ezimenyezelayo eziluhlaza kwaye zikhule ziye kutsho kuma-64 eesentimitha ngobukhulu kwaye zinobunzima obuyi-1250 grams. Umsila wayo umile okwengca xa ibhabha kwaye umlomo wayo womelele kakhulu.
Amagwababa (Corvus corone) mancinci kakhulu kunamahlungulu aqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, zisengama-47 eesentimitha ubude kwaye zinobunzima obuphakathi kwe-460 kunye ne-800 grams. Iintsiba zazo nazo zimnyama, kodwa azibengezeli kangako. IiRooks (Corvus frugilegus) zimalunga nama-46 eesentimitha ubude kwaye zinobunzima obungama-360 ukuya kuma-670 eegram, ezilingana nobukhulu obufana namagwababa enyama efileyo.
Iintsiba zazo zimnyama yaye ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yaye umlomo wazo ubhityile yaye mude xa uthelekiswa nowamagwababa afileyo. Ukongezelela, ingcambu yomlomo imhlophe kwaye ayinazo iintsiba. IJackdaw (Corvus monedula) incinci kakhulu. Inobude obuziisentimitha ezingama-33 kuphela kwaye ubunzima bayo buziigram ezingama-230, ngoko ilingana nehobe kwaye ingwevu-mnyama ngombala.
IiJackdaws zingwevu ngakumbi kumqolo wentloko, intamo neendlebe. Umqolo umnyama kunye ne-blue tinge, isisu esingwevu-mnyama. Kodwa ayizizo zonke iicorvids ezimnyama. Obona bungqina bubalaseleyo ziijay zethu ezimibalabala neziqaqambileyo (Garrulus glandarius). Baziisentimitha ezingama-34 ubude kodwa banobunzima obuyi-170 grams kuphela.
Iintsiba zazo zibomvu-mdaka, amaphiko amnyama namhlophe anamabhanti aluhlaza-mnyama. Intloko ekhanyayo ifakwe emnyama. Imagpie emnyama namhlophe (Pica pica) enomsila wayo omde nayo iyamangalisa. Umlomo, intloko, umva kunye nomsila zimnyama, igxalaba kunye nesisu zimhlophe. Iphiko ligqume bubengezelayo bube luhlaza, iintsiba zomsila zibe luhlaza. Iimagpies zikhula zibe yi-46 yeesentimitha ubude kwaye zinobunzima obungama-210 grams.
Bahlala phi iicorvids?
IiCorvids zifumaneka kwihlabathi liphela ngaphandle kweNew Zealand neAntarctica. ENew Zealand, nangona kunjalo, zaziswa ngabaphambukeli baseYurophu. Amahlungulu aqhelekileyo anoluhlu olukhulu kuzo zonke iicorvids. Zifumaneka eYurophu, eAsia, eMntla Afrika, eMntla Melika naseGreenland.
Ngenxa yokuba zazikade zizingelwa kakhulu, namhlanje zifumaneka kuphela eSchleswig-Holstein nakwiiAlps. Noko ke, ukususela oko aye akhuselwa, aye asasazeka nakwezinye iindawo. Amagwababa eCarrion afumaneka kwintshona nakumbindi weYurophu ukuya eAsia naseJapan. IiJackdaws zihlala eYurophu, kwintshona ye-Asiya nakumantla-ntshona eAfrika, iijay zisekhaya eYurophu, eAsia nakumntla-ntshona weAfrika.
Ngokunjalo, neemanga; kodwa ziyenzeka nakuMntla Melika. Amahlungulu aqhelekileyo ahlala ekhaya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala: ezintabeni, kunxweme olunamatye, kwi-tundra, kumahlathi anqabileyo kunye nama-coniferous kunye nakwiindawo ezinamahlathi kunye nemimandla efana nentlango. KwiiAlps bahlala kwi-2400 yeemitha ukuphakama.
Amagwababa e-Carrion ahlala e-moorland, kunxweme emahlathini, kwiipaki, nakwiidolophu. IiRooks zikhetha imiphetho yehlathi kunye nokucocwa, kodwa namhlanje zihlala kwiindawo ezilinywayo kunye nezixeko. IiJackdaws ziziva zisekhaya kwiipaki, kumahlathi ashinyeneyo, kodwa nakumabhodlo, kwaye iijay zisekhaya emahlathini ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1600 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Noko ke, namhlanje ziya zifudukela ezixekweni yaye zizalela kwiipaki nakwiigadi ezinkulu. Iimagpies zihlala kumahlathi anqabileyo, iigadi, iipaki kunye neentaba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1700 yeemitha ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.
Zeziphi iindidi zamahlungulu akhoyo?
IiCorvids zohlulwe zangamaqela asixhenxe: iijay, iimagpies, iidesert jay, iinutcrackers, choughs/choughs, African piapias kunye namahlungulu. Kukho malunga ne-110 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Kukho neentlobo ezininzi zeentlobo ezithile. Amagwababa eCarrion ludidi olukuMbindi nakwiNtshona Yurophu lwamagwababa afileyo kwaye anokufunyanwa kude njenge Elbe. Umhlobo osempuma wecrow ubizwa ngokuba ngunomyayi onentloko. Ingwevu ngombala kwaye ihlala ukusuka eMntla naseMpuma Yurophu ukuya eAsia. Nathi, iindawo zokuhanjiswa kwazo zombini iintlobo ziyadibana; kukho iintlobo ezidibeneyo.
Ingaba iicorvids zihlala ixesha elingakanani?
Amahlungulu aphila de abe neminyaka engama-20 ubudala, amagwababa aphila iminyaka eyi-19, amahlungulu angama-20 ubuncinane, amahlungulu angama-20, amantshontsho angama-17 iminyaka eli-15 kunye neentaka ezingama-XNUMX.
Ziphathe
Ziphila njani iicorvids?
I-Corvids ithathwa njengezona ntaka zikrelekrele kwaye ke ngoko zifundwe ngokucokisekileyo ziingcali zebhayoloji. Zizilwanyana ezithandanayo kakhulu kunye nentlalontle. Noko ke, ngokufuthi azithandwa kuba kusithiwa zizalisa kakhulu zide zibulale amatakane okanye zitye amaqanda neentaka ezincinane zezinye iindidi zeentaka.
Kodwa uninzi lwezi ngcinga azilunganga, kwaye iicorvids zizilwanyana eziluncedo kakhulu. Kwaye nokuba iimagpies, iijay, okanye iijackdaws zihlasela indlwane yentaka enye okanye enye ehlotyeni – akukho ngozi yokuba zinokutshabalalisa ezinye iintlobo zeentaka. Yaye ‘abangababulali’ konke konke: Babonakala kuphela kwiindawo apho kulele khona izilwanyana ezifileyo ukuze zitye inyama efileyo. Badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ecosystem.
Kwaye ayiyonyani into yokuba i-corvids izala ngamanani amakhulu. Ukuziphatha kwazo kudla ngokubangela ukuba kubonakale ngathi zininzi ngakumbi ezi zilwanyana: IiMagpies, umzekelo, zakha iindlwane ezininzi kodwa zizalela kwenye. Ezinye iintaka ziyangenelwa kuba ziyakwazi ukungena kwiindlwane ezigqityiweyo yaye akuyomfuneko ukuba zizakhele ngokwazo.
Ebudeni bengqele, ama-rooks eza kuthi evela kwindawo azalela kuyo ukuze afukame aze enze ibubu elikhulu. Abanye badibana kwiindawo zokulala ezininzi ngorhatya ukuze bachithe ubusuku bekhuselwe liqela. IiCorvid ezingenazo iindawo ezizalela kuzo zihamba ngokwamaqela kwaye ziphawuleka ngakumbi ngenxa yengxolo eziyenzayo.