UMary Allen
Intshayelelo: Indlovu Neendlebe zayo
Iindlovu ngenye yezona zilwanyana ziyaziwa kwaye zithandekayo kwiplanethi. Ziyaziwa ngobungakanani bazo obukhulu, iziqu ezinde, kwaye, ewe, iindlebe zazo ezinkulu. Iindlebe zeendlovu luphawu olwahlula ezi zidalwa zibalaseleyo, yaye ziphumeza injongo ebalulekileyo kubomi bazo bemihla ngemihla. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iimpawu ezibonakalayo zeendlovu zaseAfrika naseIndiya, i-anatomy yeendlebe zabo kunye nomsebenzi, kwaye luhlobo luni lwendlovu eneendlebe ezinkulu.
Iimpawu zeMzimba yeendlovu zase-Afrika nezaseIndiya
Iindlovu zase-Afrika zezona zilwanyana zasemhlabeni zikhulu, ezinobunzima obufikelela kwi-14,000 yeekhilogram kwaye zime ukuya kwi-13 yeenyawo ubude emagxeni. Zinamabamba awohlukileyo anokukhula abe ziimitha ezili-10 ubude, kwaye ulusu lwazo lungwevu-mdaka kwaye lushwabene. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iindlovu zaseIndiya zincinci, zinobunzima obufikelela kwi-11,000 yeekhilogram kwaye zime ukuya kwi-9.8 yeenyawo ubude egxalabeni. Zinamabamba amancinane kunye nomqolo ongqukuva ngakumbi kunoogxa bazo baseAfrika. Iindlovu zaseIndiya zinombala wolusu olungwevu-buntsundu, kodwa zinamabala apinki ngakumbi emiboko nasezindlebeni zazo kuneendlovu zaseAfrika.
Ukubaluleka Kweendlebe Zendlovu
Iindlebe zeendlovu zisebenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwezi zilwanyana. Zinceda ukulawula ubushushu bomzimba, ukunxibelelana nezinye iindlovu, kwaye zikhusela kumarhamncwa. Iindlebe zendlovu zinothungelwano oluntsonkothileyo lwemithambo yegazi olunceda ukulawula ubushushu bomzimba ngokukhupha ubushushu xa isilwanyana sishushu kwaye silondoloze ubushushu xa kubanda. Ummandla omkhulu weendlebe uvumela ukutshintshwa kobushushu obukhulu. Ukongezelela, iindlovu zisebenzisa iindlebe zazo ukuze zinxibelelane nezinye iindlovu kumgama omde. Ziyakwazi ukuqhwaba iindlebe zazo ukuze zenze isandi esikhulu, esinezandi ezisezantsi esihamba emoyeni kwaye sinokuviwa zezinye iindlovu ukuya kumgama oziikhilomitha. Okokugqibela, iindlebe zeendlovu zinokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuzikhusela ngokuziqhwaba ngamandla ukuze zoyikise amarhamncwa okanye zizikhukulise ukuze zibaleke izinambuzane.
I-Anatomy yeendlebe zeendlovu
Iindlebe zendlovu zenziwe ngumaleko obhityileyo wolusu olunwenwe phezu kwentlala, izihlunu kunye nemithambo yegazi. Ulusu olungaphandle kwendlebe lubhityile kwaye lunonxibelelwano lwemithambo kufutshane nomphezulu. Imithambo inceda ukupholisa igazi elihamba ngendlebe, nto leyo epholisa umzimba wendlovu. I-cartilage endlebeni ibonelela ngesakhiwo kwaye inceda indlebe igcine imilo yayo. Izihlunu ezisendlebeni zivumela indlovu ukuba ihambe iindlebe zayo ngokuzimeleyo, nto leyo eyimfuneko kunxibelelwano nasekugcineni izinambuzane kude.
Umsebenzi weendlebe zeendlovu
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iindlebe zeendlovu zisebenza indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ubushushu bomzimba, ukunxibelelana nokuzikhusela kumarhamncwa. Iindlovu zaseAfrika zinomsebenzi owongezelelweyo kwiindlebe zazo. Zisebenzisa iindlebe zazo njengomqondiso wokunxibelelana nezinye iindlovu. Xa indlovu yaseAfrika isothukile okanye inemincili, ibetha iindlebe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuze ibonise ezinye iindlovu ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo. Le ndlela yokuziphatha yodwa kwiindlovu zaseAfrika kwaye ayijongwa kwiindlovu zaseIndiya.
Iindlebe zeendlovu zaseAfrika: Ubungakanani kunye nokumila
Iindlovu zase-Afrika zineendlebe ezinkulu ezimile okwefeni ezibanzi emazantsi kunaphezulu. Iindlebe zinokude zibe yi-6 yeenyawo kwaye zinobunzima obufikelela kwi-100 yeeponti nganye. Ubungakanani kunye nokumila kweendlebe zeendlovu zase-Afrika zifanelekile kwindawo yazo. Iindlovu zaseAfrika zihlala kwindawo eshushu nebharhileyo apho amaqondo obushushu anokufikelela kwi-120 degrees Fahrenheit. Iindlebe ezinkulu, ezibhityileyo zibonelela ngowona mmandla mkhulu wokutshintsha ubushushu, nto leyo evumela izilwanyana ukuba zilawule ubushushu bomzimba wazo ngokufanelekileyo.
Iindlebe zeendlovu zaseIndiya: Ubungakanani kunye noBume
Iindlovu zaseIndiya zineendlebe ezincinci, ezingqukuva ngakumbi ezingemilo njengefeni njengeendlebe zendlovu yaseAfrika. Ngokwesiqhelo zimfutshane kuneendlebe zeendlovu zase-Afrika, ezinobude obuziimitha ezi-5. Iindlebe zeendlovu zaseIndiya zibhityile kwaye zinemibimbi embalwa kuneendlebe zeendlovu zaseAfrika. Ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nokumila kweendlebe zeendlovu zaseIndiya zilungele indawo yazo. Iindlovu zaseIndiya zihlala kwindawo enemozulu epholileyo kuneendlovu zaseAfrika, yaye iindlebe zazo akuyomfuneko ukuba zipholise ubushushu obuninzi kangako.
Ukuthelekiswa kweendlebe zeendlovu zaseAfrika kunye neIndiya
Iindlebe zeendlovu zaseAfrika nezaseIndiya azifani ngobungakanani, ukumila kwazo, nokusebenza kwazo. Iindlebe zeendlovu zase-Afrika zinkulu, zimile okwefeni, kwaye zikulungele kakuhle ukulawula ubushushu bomzimba kwindawo eshushu, nebharhileyo. Iindlebe zeendlovu zaseIndiya zincinci, zingqukuva, kwaye zilungele imozulu epholileyo. Zombini iintlobo zeendlebe zeendlovu zibalulekile kunxibelelwano kunye nokuzikhusela kumarhamncwa.
Yeyiphi Indlovu Enezona ndlebe Zinkulu?
Iindlovu zaseAfrika zineendlebe ezinkulu kuzo zonke iintlobo zeendlovu. Iindlebe zazo zinokude zibe yi-6 yeefithi, kwaye zinobunzima obufikelela kwi-100 leeponti inye. Iindlebe zeendlovu zaseIndiya zincinci, ezinobude obuziimitha ezi-5. Ubungakanani obukhulu beendlebe zeendlovu zase-Afrika bunokwenzeka ngenxa yendawo eshushu, eyinkqantosi ezihlala kuyo, efuna ukutshintshiselana kobushushu.
Izinto ezichaphazela ubungakanani bendlebe yeendlovu
Ziliqela izinto ezinokuchaphazela ubukhulu beendlebe zendlovu, kuquka indalo esingqongileyo, imfuzo, kunye nobudala. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iindlebe zeendlovu zaseAfrika zinkulu kuneendlebe zeendlovu zaseIndiya, mhlawumbi ngenxa yendawo ezihlala kuyo. Imfuza nayo inokudlala indima kubungakanani beendlebe, ezinye iindlovu zineendlebe ezinkulu okanye ezincinci kunezinye. Okokugqibela, iindlebe zeendlovu zinokukhula zibe nkulu njengoko iindlovu zikhula, kunye neendlovu ezindala ezineendlebe ezinkulu kuneendlovu ezincinci.
Ukuqukumbela: Ukubaluleka kobungakanani bendlebe yendlovu
Iindlebe zeendlovu ziluphawu olubalulekileyo kwezi zilwanyana zibalaseleyo, zisebenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo ekulawuleni ubushushu bomzimba, unxibelelwano kunye nokuzikhusela kumarhamncwa. Iindlovu zaseAfrika zineendlebe ezinkulu kuzo zonke iintlobo zeendlovu, mhlawumbi ngenxa yendawo ezihlala kuyo. Iindlebe zeendlovu zaseIndiya zincinci, kodwa zisabalulekile kubomi bazo bemihla ngemihla. Ukuqonda umzobo kunye nokusebenza kweendlebe zendlovu kunokusinceda sizixabise ngakumbi ezi zidalwa zimangalisayo.
IiReferensi kunye noFundo oluGqibeleleyo
- Indlovu yaseAfrika (Loxodonta africana). (n.d.). Ifunyenwe kwi https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/a/african-elephant/
- Indlovu yaseIndiya (Elephas maximus). (n.d.). Ifunyenwe ku https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/i/indian-elephant/
- McComb, K., & Semple, S. (2005). I-Coevolution yonxibelelwano lwezwi kunye nentlalontle kwiiprimates. Iileta zeBiological, 1(4), 381-385.
- USukumar, R. (2003). Iindlovu eziPhilayo: I-Evolutionary Ecology, iBehaviour, kunye noLondolozo. Oxford University Press.