Intshayelelo kwi-Stupendemys Ukuziphatha kokuzala

I-Stupendemys, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-turtle enqabileyo," yayiyi-turtle enkulu yamanzi ahlambulukileyo eyayihlala ngexesha le-Miocene, malunga ne-13 ukuya kwi-7 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Esi sidalwa sangaphambili sinomdla omkhulu kwizazinzulu, ngakumbi ekuqondeni ukuziphatha kwaso kokuzala. Ngokufunda iintsalela zefosili, abaphandi baye bakwazi ukukhanyisa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zemikhwa yokuzala ye-Stupendemys kunye nokuqonda kwimbali yobomi bayo. Eli nqaku linika isishwankathelo sento eyaziwayo malunga nokuziphatha kokuzala kwe-Stupendemys, kubandakanya neempawu zayo zomzimba, imikhwa yokuzala, iipatheni zokukhwelana, umjikelo wokuzala, kunye nokunye.

Ukufunyanwa kweFossil kunye nokuphela kweStupendemys

Ukufunyanwa kwefosili yeStupendemys yenziwe ikakhulu eMzantsi Melika, ngakumbi eColombia naseVenezuela. Iintsalela zolu fudo lukhulu luye lwafunyanwa kwidiphozithi zemilambo yamandulo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba lukhetha iindawo zokuhlala ezihlala emanzini. Ngelishwa, i-Stupendemys yaphela malunga ne-7 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yendibaniselwano yezinto ezifana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokhuphiswano nezinye iintlobo. Uphononongo lokuziphatha kwaso ngokuzala kusivumela ukuba sifumane ukuqonda kubomi besi sidalwa simangalisayo ngaphambi kokuphela kwaso.

Iimpawu zoMzimba ze-Stupendemys amalungu okuzala

Enye yezona zinto zibangela umdla ngokuziphatha kukaStupendemys kuzala ziimpawu zakhe zomzimba. Iinkunzi zolu hlobo zineempawu ezikhethekileyo - iimpondo ezinkulu kumaqokobhe azo. Ezi mpondo mhlawumbi zasebenza njengendlela ye-dimorphism yezesondo, ebonisa ukukhula ngokwesondo kunye nokulawula. Ukongezelela, iinkunzi zazinesakhiwo esikhulu esintsonkothileyo kwiplastron yazo, indawo esezantsi yeqokobhe. Esi sakhiwo kukholelwa ukuba sidlale indima ekudibaniseni, mhlawumbi siququzelele inkqubo yokukhwelana.

Imikhwa yokuzala kunye neeNdawo eziKhethekileyo zokufuya

Izifundo ngeefosili ze-Stupendemys zibonelele ngengqiqo exabisekileyo kwimikhwa yayo yokuzalela kunye neendawo ezikhethiweyo zokufuya. Kuye kwafunyanwa amaqanda kunye neendlwana zefosili, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba i-Stupendemys yenza indlwane efana nofudo lwanamhlanje. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezi ndlwane zazigrunjwa kumlambo onesanti okanye eludaka, yaye imazi yayikhetha ngenyameko indawo efanelekileyo. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba i-Stupendemys ikhetha ukuzala kwiindawo ezisemlanjeni, ngokufanayo nofudo oluninzi lwale mihla.

Iipateni zokukhwelana kunye neSiko lokuthandana kweStupendemys

Iindlela zokukhwelana ezichanekileyo kunye nezithethe zokuthandana kwe-Stupendemys zihlala zinqabile ngenxa yolwazi oluncinci olukhoyo kwirekhodi yefosili. Noko ke, ngokusekwe kwimikhwa yawo kunye nothelekiso nofudo lwale mihla, izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba amadoda kusenokwenzeka ukuba aye akhuphisana ukuze atsale amabhinqa. Oku kusenokuba kuquka imiboniso yendawo, ukulwa, okanye amazwi. Uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuze kuqondwe ngokubanzi iipateni zokukhwelana kukaStupendemys.

Umjikelo wokuzala kunye nokuZalwa kweXesha leStupendemys

Umjikelo wokuzala kunye nokuziphatha kwexesha lokuzala kwe-Stupendemys kunokuchazwa ngokufunyanwa kwamaqanda efosili kunye neendlwane. Ngokufana nofudo oluninzi lwangoku, iStupendemys kusenokwenzeka ukuba yayinomjikelo wonyaka wokuzala kunye namaxesha athile okuzala. Ixesha lamaxesha okuzala lisenokuba liphenjelelwe yimiba yokusingqongileyo efana namaqondo obushushu kunye nemvula, nto leyo ebinokubonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokufukanyelwa kwamaqanda kunye nokuphila kwenzala.

Ukubekwa kweqanda kunye neNkqubo yokuQalwa kweStupendemys

I-Stupendemys yayiza kubeka amaqanda amakhulu, njengoko kuboniswe ngokufunyanwa kweendlwane ezininzi eziqukethe amaqanda amaninzi. Ubungakanani bezi bamba bucebisa ukuba i-Stupendemys inemveliso ephezulu yokuzala, enokuthi ibuyekeze amazinga aphezulu okuxhatshazwa ekunokwenzeka ukuba abekhona kwindawo yayo. Inkqubo yokufukanyelwa kwamaqanda e-Stupendemys yayiza kubandakanya ukungcwatywa kwiindlwane kunye nokuxhomekeka kwindawo engqongileyo ukubonelela ubushushu obuyimfuneko ukuze kuphuhliswe.

UNonophelo lwaBazali kunye neZicwangciso zokuSinda kweNzala

Ngoxa ingxelo yefosili inganikeli bungqina buthe ngqo bokunyanyekelwa kwabazali eStupendemys, uthelekiso nofudo lwale mihla lubonisa ukuba ukhathalelo lwabazali olulinganiselweyo lusenokuba lwalukho. Emva kokuzalela amaqanda, iimazi zisenokuba ziye zabonisa umlinganiselo othile wokugada iindlwane, zikhusela iindlwane kumarhamncwa. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani kunye nobude bexesha lokuziphatha ahlalanga aqinisekile. Iindlela zokusinda kwinzala kaStupendemys kusenokwenzeka ukuba zazibandakanya indibaniselwano yeendlela zokuziphatha, ezinjengokwemba indlela yokuphuma endlwaneni, kunye nokubaleka amarhamncwa xa sele eqanduselwe.

I-Dimorphism yezesondo kwi-Stupendemys kunye neempembelelo zayo

I-Stupendemys ibonise i-dimorphism yezesondo, namadoda aneempawu zomzimba ezahlukileyo ezingafumanekiyo kwabasetyhini. Ubukho beempondo ezinkulu kumaqokobhe endoda bubonisa ukuba zazisetyenziselwa ukulwa okanye ukuboniswa ngexesha lokuthandana. Le dimorphism ngokwesondo inokuba idlale indima ekukhetheni iqabane, kunye nabasetyhini abanakho ukukhetha amadoda ngokusekelwe kubungakanani okanye imeko yeempondo zabo. Uphononongo lwe-dimorphism yesini kwi-Stupendemys lubonelela ngeengcinga ezixabisekileyo kwi-evolution yezicwangciso zokuzala kunye nokukhethwa ngokwesondo kwii-turtles.

Izicwangciso ezinokwenzeka zokuzala ze-Stupendemys

Ngokusekelwe kubungqina obukhoyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-Stupendemys iqeshe indibaniselwano yezicwangciso zokuzala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzala ngempumelelo. Ezi zicwangciso zinokuthi zibandakanya amaqabane amaninzi okukhwelana, imveliso ephezulu yokuzala ngamaqanda amakhulu, kunye nokukhethwa kweendawo ezifanelekileyo zokuhlala. Ubukho be-sex dimorphism kunye nezithethe ezinokubakho zokuthandana zixhasa ngakumbi ingcamango yokuba i-Stupendemys yayineendlela zokuziphatha ezintsonkothileyo zokuzala, ezifana nofudo oluninzi lwanamhlanje.

Ukuthelekisa kunye neNdlela yokuZala yeeFudo zale mihla

Ukuthelekiswa phakathi kwe-Stupendemys kunye ne-turtles zanamhlanje zibonelela ngengqiqo ebalulekileyo ekuziphatheni kokuzala kolu hlobo lwangaphambili. Iinkalo ezininzi zokuzala kukaStupendemys kubonakala kufana nofudo lwale mihla olusemanzini acwengileyo, njengokuzalela, ukuzala kwamaqanda, nokuzala ngamaxesha athile onyaka. Ezi zifaniso zibonisa ukuba izinto ezithile zokuziphatha ngokuzala ziye zalondolozwa kwizigidi zeminyaka, zigxininisa ukubaluleka kokufunda ngeentlobo ezitshabaleleyo ukuqonda indaleko yezicwangciso zokuzala kwiifudo.

Imibuzo engaphendulwanga kunye neeNdlela zoPhando lwexesha elizayo

Ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo eyenziwe ekuqondeni ukuziphatha kokuzala kwe-Stupendemys, imibuzo emininzi isekhona. Uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuveza iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga neepateni zayo zokukhwelana kunye nezithethe zokuthandana. Ukongeza, ubungakanani benkathalo yabazali kunye neendlela ezithile zokusinda komntwana zifuna uphando olongezelelweyo. Ukufunyanwa kwefosili entsha kunye nokuqhubela phambili kubuchule bokuhlalutya kunika amathuba anomdla wophando lwexesha elizayo malunga nokuziphatha kuka-Stupendemys ngokuzala, ukubonelela ukuqonda okunzulu kolu fudo lwangaphambili lunika umdla kunye nendawo yalo kwimbali yendaleko yamafudo.