Intshayelelo: Ukuqonda i-Anatomy yeNkomo

I-anatomy yenkomo yinkqubo entsonkothileyo yamalungu kunye nezakhiwo ezisebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkomo iyasinda. Ukuqonda ukwakheka kwenkomo kubalulekile kumafama, oogqirha bezilwanyana, nakubani na onomdla kwintlalontle yezi zilwanyana. Imizobo yenkomo iyafana neyezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo, kodwa ineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezibangela ukuba ifanelekele indawo ekuyo.

Inkomo yi-vertebrate, oku kuthetha ukuba inomqolo okanye umqolo owenziwe ngomqolo ngamnye. Umzimba wayo uhlukaniswe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, nganye inesethi yayo yamalungu kunye nezakhiwo ezenza imisebenzi ethile. Ezi nkqubo ziquka inkqubo yamathambo, inkqubo ye-muscular, inkqubo yokugaya, inkqubo yokuphefumla, inkqubo yokujikeleza, inkqubo ye-nervous, inkqubo ye-endocrine, inkqubo yokuzala, inkqubo ye- integumentary, kunye nezitho zengqondo. Inkqubo nganye idityanisiwe, kwaye nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka kwindlela enye kunokuchaphazela abanye.

ISkeletal System: Isakhelo soMzimba weNkomo

Inkqubo yamathambo emazi ibonelela ngesakhelo somzimba wayo. Ibunjwe ngamathambo, intlala, kunye nemithambo, esebenza kunye ukuze ixhase umzimba wenkomo nokukhusela amalungu ayo angaphakathi. Amathambo enkomo abandakanya ukakayi, umqolo, iimbambo, i-pelvis, kunye namalungu.

Ukhakhayi lwenkomo lwenzelwe ukukhusela ingqondo namalungu ayo okuva, kuquka amehlo, iindlebe nempumlo. Umqolo wayo wenziwe nge-vertebrae nganye enika ukuguquguquka kunye nenkxaso kumzimba wayo. I-ribcage ikhusela intliziyo kunye nemiphunga, ngelixa i-pelvis ixhasa umva wayo. Amalungu enkomo yenziwe ngamathambo, amalungu kunye nezihlunu ezivumela ukuba ihambe kwaye itye. Iimazi nazo zineempuphu ezenziwe ngekeratin nezikhusela iinyawo zazo ekugugeni nasekukrazukeni. Lilonke, amathambo enkomo ayimfuneko ukuze iphile kwaye ibe sempilweni.

Inkqubo ye-Muscular: I-Powering Cow Movement

Inkqubo yemisipha yenkomo inoxanduva lokunika amandla intshukumo yayo. Yenziwe ngezihlunu ezigudileyo, zentliziyo, nezamathambo, ezisebenzisanayo ukunika amandla, isantya, nonyamezelo. Izihlunu zenkomo zibotshelelwa emathanjeni ngemisipha, ezivumela ukuba ishukumise amalungu ayo kunye nomzimba.

Izihlunu zamathambo enkomo zezona zihlunu ezinkulu nezibonakalayo emzimbeni wayo. Balawula ukuhamba kwayo kwaye banoxanduva lwamandla kunye nokukhawuleza. Izihlunu ezigudileyo zenkomo zifumaneka kumalungu ayo angaphakathi, njengakwindlela yokwetyisa kunye nemithambo yegazi. Bajongene neentshukumo ezizenzekelayo, ezifana nokugaya kunye nokuhamba kwegazi. Izihlunu zentliziyo yenkomo zifumaneka entliziyweni kwaye zinoxanduva lokucutha kwayo okunesingqi okumpompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba wayo. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yezihlunu zenkomo ibalulekile ukuze iphile kwaye iyivumela ukuba ihambe kwaye isebenzisane nendawo yayo.

Inkqubo yokwetyisa: Ukwenziwa kokutya kwenkomo

Inkqubo yokwetyisa yenkomo inoxanduva lokulungisa ukutya kunye nokukhupha izondlo zomzimba wayo. Ibandakanya umlomo, ummizo, isisu, amathumbu, kunye ne-anus. Inkqubo yokwetyisa kwenkomo yenzelwe ukwaphula imicu yezityalo eyomeleleyo, njengeselulosi, ibe izondlo ezinokusetyenziswa.

Umlomo wenkomo unamazinyo aqinileyo kunye nolwimi olunezihlunu, oluyivumela ukuba ibambe kwaye ikuhlafune ukutya. Isisu senkomo sahlulwe saba ngamacandelo amane, ngalinye linomsebenzi othile. Amathumbu enkomo made kwaye abhijene, nto leyo evumela ukufunxa kakhulu izondlo. Inkqubo yokwetyisa kwenkomo ikwaquka uthungelwano oluntsonkothileyo lwentsholongwane, njengebhaktiriya kunye neprotozoa, ezinceda ukuqhekeza ukutya nokukhupha izondlo. Lilonke, inkqubo yokwetyisa yenkomo intsonkothile kwaye ibalulekile ukuze iphile.

Inkqubo yokuphefumla: Ukuphefumlela ubomi kwinkomo

Inkqubo yokuphefumla yenkomo inoxanduva lokuphefumla kunye nokutshintshana ngeegesi, ezifana neoksijini kunye nekharbon diokside. Iquka impumlo, uqhoqhoqho, i-bronchi, imiphunga kunye ne-diaphragm. Inkqubo yokuphefumla yenkomo yenzelwe ukwandisa ukufumana ioksijini kunye nokunciphisa inkcitho yamandla.

Inkomo iphefumla ngamakhala ayo, ahluza uthuli namanye amasuntswana. Umoya ke udlula kwi-trachea kunye ne-bronchi, ekhokelela kwimiphunga. Imiphunga yenkomo mikhulu kwaye iyanwebeka kakhulu, nto leyo evumela utshintshiselwano ngegesi ephezulu. I-diaphragm sisihlunu esinceda ukulawula izinga lokuphefumla kunye nobunzulu benkomo. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yokuphefumla yenkomo ibalulekile ukuze iphile kwaye iyivumela ukuba igcine unikezelo lweoksijini rhoqo emzimbeni wayo.

Inkqubo yeCyculatory System: Inkqubo yoThutho lweNkomo

Inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi yenkomo inoxanduva lokuhambisa igazi, izondlo, kunye neegesi kuwo wonke umzimba wayo. Iquka intliziyo, imithambo yegazi kunye negazi. Inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi yenkomo yenzelwe ukunika ioksijini kunye nezondlo kwizicubu zayo kunye nokususa inkunkuma.

Intliziyo yenkomo lilungu elinezihlunu elimpompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba wayo. Imithambo yegazi yenkomo yahlulahlulwe yaba yimithambo, imithambo kunye neecapillaries, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuthuthwa kwegazi kunye nezondlo. Igazi lenkomo lenziwe ziiseli, ezinjengeeseli ezibomvu zegazi neeseli ezimhlophe, kunye ne<em>plasma, ulwelo oluqulethe izondlo nenkunkuma. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi yenkomo ibalulekile ukuze iphile kwaye iyivumela ukuba igcine unikezelo lweoksijini rhoqo kunye nezondlo kwizicubu zayo.

Inkqubo yeNervous: Iziko loLawulo lweNkomo

Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yenkomo inoxanduva lokulawula umzimba wayo nokusabela kwimekobume yayo. Iquka ingqondo, intambo yomqolo, imithambo-luvo, kunye namalungu okuva. Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yenkomo yenzelwe ukufumana nokusetyenzwa kolwazi oluvela kwindawo ehlala kuyo kwaye ilungelelanise impendulo yayo.

Ingqondo yenkomo lilungu elintsonkothileyo elilawula umzimba wayo lize lisebenzise ulwazi lweemvakalelo. Umnqonqo sisimo eside esibhityileyo esidibanisa ingqondo nomzimba wonke. Imithambo-luvo yenkomo ziintsinga ezinde, ezibhityileyo ezithumela imiyalezo phakathi kwengqondo nomzimba wayo. Amalungu eemvakalelo zenkomo aquka amehlo, iindlebe, impumlo, ulwimi nolusu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibone indawo ekuyo. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo ye-nervous yenkomo ibalulekile ukuze iphile kwaye ivumela ukuba isebenzisane nendawo yayo kwaye iphendule kutshintsho.

Inkqubo ye-Endocrine: Ukulawula iiHormone zeNkomo

Inkqubo ye-endocrine yenkomo inoxanduva lokuvelisa kunye nokulawula amahomoni, alawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba. Ibandakanya indlala yepituitary, idlala lengqula, idlala lengqula, idlala lengqula, udaka, kunye namalungu okuzala. Inkqubo ye-endocrine yenkomo yenzelwe ukugcina i-homeostasis kwaye iphendule utshintsho kwimeko yayo.

Idlala lenkomo eliyipituitary livelisa amadlala alawula ukukhula, ukukhula, kunye nemetabolism. Idlala lengqula livelisa iincindi zamadlala ezilawula inkqubo yemetabolism yenkomo kunye nenkcitho yamandla. I-adrenal gland ivelisa amahomoni alawula uxinzelelo kunye neempendulo kwiinguqu kwindalo. I-pancreas ivelisa iihomoni ezilawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi. Izitho zokuzala zivelisa amahomoni alawula iinkqubo zokuzala. Lilonke, inkqubo ye-endocrine yenkomo intsonkothile kwaye ibalulekile ukuze iphile.

Inkqubo yokuzala: Ummangaliso woBomi beNkomo

Inkqubo yokuzala yenkomo inoxanduva lokuvelisa nokuphuhlisa inzala. Iquka ama-ovari, isibeleko, kunye namadlala ebele. Inkqubo yokuzala yenkomo yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphila kohlobo lwayo.

Amaqanda enkomo avelisa amaqanda, athi adityaniswe ngamadlozi enkunzi. Iqanda eliqhanyiweyo likhula libe lithole kwisibeleko senkomo. Amadlala okubeleka kwenkomo avelisa ubisi, olunika izondlo eziyimfuneko kwithole. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yokuzala yenkomo ibalulekile ukuze kuphile uhlobo lwayo kwaye ngummangaliso wobomi.

Integumentary System: Ukukhusela uMzimba weNkomo

Inkqubo epheleleyo yenkomo inoxanduva lokukhusela umzimba wayo kumonakalo wangaphandle kunye nokulawula ubushushu bayo bangaphakathi. Iquka ulusu, iinwele kunye namanqina. Isixokelelwano senkomo yenkomo yenzelwe ukubonelela ngokhuseleko kunye nokugquma.

Ulusu lwenkomo lugqunywe buboya, nto leyo enika ukugquma nokukhusela kumonakalo wangaphandle. Iimpuphu zenziwe ngekeratin, ekhusela amanqina emazi ukuba angagugi. Lilonke, inkqubo yemazi yenkomo ibalulekile ukuze iphile kwaye iphile kakuhle.

Amalungu eSense: iNkomo iLibona njani iHlabathi

Amalungu oluvo lwenkomo anoxanduva lokubona okusingqongileyo nokusabela kutshintsho. Ziquka amehlo, iindlebe, impumlo, ulwimi nolusu. Amalungu izivamvo emazi yenzelwe ukubona utshintsho kwindawo ehlala kuyo aze asabele ngokufanelekileyo.

Amehlo enkomo ayakwazi ukubona umbala nobunzulu, nto leyo eyivumela ukuba ikwazi ukujonga indawo ekuyo. Iindlebe ziyakwazi ukuva isandi, zivumela ukuba zinxibelelane nezinye iimazi kwaye zibone amarhamncwa. Impumlo iyakwazi ukubona ivumba, ivumela ukuba ifumane ukutya kwaye ibone ingozi. Ulwimi luyakwazi ukubona incasa, luyivumela ukuba yahlule phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya. Ulusu luyakwazi ukubona ubushushu, ukubamba, kunye noxinzelelo, luvumela ukuba lusabele kutshintsho kwimekobume. Ngokubanzi, amalungu engqiqo yenkomo abalulekile ukuze iphile kwaye ayivumele ukuba ibone kwaye isabele kwindawo yayo.

Isiphelo: Ukuxabisa ukuntsonkotha kweNkomo yeAnatomy

Ukuqukumbela, i-anatomy yenkomo yinkqubo entsonkothileyo yamalungu kunye nezakhiwo ezisebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkomo iyasinda. Inkqubo nganye idityanisiwe, kwaye nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka kwindlela enye kunokuchaphazela abanye. Ukuqonda ukwakheka kwenkomo kubalulekile kumafama, oogqirha bezilwanyana, nakubani na onomdla kwintlalontle yezi zilwanyana. Ngokuxabisa ukuntsonkotha kokwakheka kwenkomo, sinokuqonda ngcono kwaye sikhathalele ezi zilwanyana.