Guillemots

Ngeentsiba zazo ezimnyama namhlophe, ii<em>guillemots zisikhumbuza ngoonombombiya abancinane. Nangona kunjalo, iintaka zaselwandle zihlala kuphela kumntla wehemisphere kwaye ziyakwazi ukubhabha, ngokungafaniyo noonombombiya.

iimpawu

Zikhangeleka njani iiguillemots?

IiGuillemots zezosapho lwe-auk kwaye phaya kwi-guillemot genus. Iintaka ziphakathi kweesentimitha ezingama-42 ubude, amaphiko angama-61 ukuya kuma-73 eesentimitha. Iinyawo ezimnyama zithi nca phezu komsila xa zibhabha. Isilwanyana esikhulileyo sinobunzima obumalunga nekhilogram. Intloko, intamo, kunye nomqolo zimdaka-mnyama ehlotyeni, isisu simhlophe. Ebusika, iinxalenye zentloko kwi-chin nasemva kwamehlo nazo zinemibala emhlophe.

Umlomo umxinwa kwaye utsolo. Amehlo amnyama kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ajikelezwe liringi elimhlophe lamehlo, apho umgca omhlophe omxinwa kakhulu uhamba uye embindini wentloko. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke ii-guillemots ezineringi yamehlo kunye nomgca omhlophe. Iinyoni ezinale pateni zifumaneka ikakhulu kumntla wendawo yokusabalalisa, emva koko zibizwa ngokuba ngama-ringlets okanye i-guillemots ye-spectacled.

Zihlala phi ii-guillemots?

I-Guillemots ihlala kwindawo epholileyo kunye ne-suarctic kwimimandla esenyakatho ye-hemisphere. Zinokufumaneka kumantla eYurophu, eAsia, nakuMntla Merika, okt kuMntla weAtlantiki, kuMntla wePasifiki, nakuLwandlekazi lweArctic. Kukwakho abantu abambalwa kwinxalenye yoLwandle lweBaltic oluseFinland.

EJamani, oko kukuthi kuMbindi Yurophu, kukho ii-guillemots kuphela kwisiqithi saseHeligoland. Apho zizalela kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiLummenfelsen. IiGuillemots zihlala kulwandle oluvulekileyo. Zifumaneka emhlabeni kuphela ngexesha lokuzala. Emva koko zikhangela amawa aphakamileyo ukuze zizalele.

Zeziphi iindidi zeeguillemot ezikhoyo?

Kukho mhlawumbi ii-subspecies ezimbalwa ze-guillemot. Abaphandi basaphikisana nokuba ngaba kukho ii-subspecies ezintlanu okanye ezisixhenxe ezahlukeneyo. Kuthiwa i-subspecies ezimbini zihlala kummandla wePasifiki kunye neentlobo ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo kummandla we-Atlantiki. I-guillemot enebill-billed isondelelene.

Ingaba yiminyaka emingaphi i-guillemots?

UGuillemots unokuphila iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30.

Ziphathe

Ziphila njani ii-guillemots?

I-Guillemots ziintaka zaselwandle ezichitha ixesha elininzi lobomi bazo kulwandle oluvulekileyo. Ziza kuphela elunxwemeni ukuze zizale. Ziyasebenza emini nangokuhlwa. Xa zisemhlabeni, ii-guillemots zibonakala zibhidekile, zihamba zime nkqo ngeenyawo. Kwelinye icala, banobuchule bokuntywila emanzini kwaye banokubhabha kakuhle. Xa edada, abhexa ngeenyawo aze ashukume kancinane. Xa zintywila, zishukuma ngokuphaphatheka nokujikeleza amaphiko azo. Bahlala bentywila nje iimitha ezimbalwa ubunzulu, kodwa kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, banokuntywila ukuya kuthi ga kwi-180 yeemitha ubunzulu kunye nemizuzu emithathu.

Xa bezingela iintlanzi, baqala bancamathelise iintloko zabo emanzini ukuya kutsho kwamehlo baze bajonge amaxhoba. Kuphela kuxa beyibonile intlanzi abathi batshone phantsi. Xa ii<em>guillemot zitshintsha iintsiba zazo, oko kukuthi, ebudeni be<em>molt, kukho ixesha laxa zingakwazi ukubhabha. Kwezi veki zintandathu ukuya kwezisixhenxe zihlala elwandle ngokuqubha kunye nokuntywila.

Ngexesha lokuzala emhlabeni, ii-guillemots zenza iikoloni. Enye yezona zinkulu zikunxweme olusempuma yeKhanada, eyenziwe malunga ne-400,000 guillemots. Kwezi koloni, izibini ezizimeleyo, ezidla ngokuhlala kunye ixesha lonyaka elinye, zihlala zisondelelene kakhulu. Ngokwe-avareji, ukuya kwi-20 izibini zizalela kwi-square meter enye, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu.

Emva kwexesha lokuzala, ezinye izilwanyana zihlala kufutshane neendawo ezizalela kuzo elwandle, ngoxa ezinye zihamba kwiindawo ezikude. Akunjalo kuphela ukuba ii-guillemots zihambelana kakuhle, zivumela ezinye iintlobo zeentaka zaselwandle ukuba zizale kwikoloni yazo.

Abahlobo kunye neentshaba ze-guillemots

Amaqanda e-guillemot adla ngokutyiwa zii-corvids, iingabangaba, okanye iimpungutye. Iintaka ezincinci nazo zinokuba ngamaxhoba azo. Ngaphambili, ii<em>guillemot zazizingelwa ngabantu yaye amaqanda azo ayeqokelelwa. Namhlanje kwenzeka kuphela ngamaxesha athile eNorway, kwiZiqithi zaseFaroe, naseGreat Britain.

Zivelisa njani ii-guillemots?

Kuxhomekeka kummandla, ii<em>guillemot zizala phakathi kukaMatshi okanye ngoMeyi noJuni. Imazi nganye ibeka iqanda elinye kuphela. Ibekwa kungqameko lwamatye angenanto, acutheneyo elitye elizalelayo ize iqanduselwe ngabazali ezinyaweni kangangeentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-35.

Iqanda linobunzima obumalunga ne-108 grams kwaye ngalinye linombala kwaye liphawulwe ngokwahlukileyo kancinci. Ngoko ke, abazali bayakwazi ukwahlula amaqanda abo kwawezinye izibini. Ukuze iqanda lingawi kwincam yewa, liqina kakhulu. Oku kuyenza ijikeleze nje kwizangqa kwaye ayingqubani. Ukongezelela, i-eggshell inzima kakhulu kwaye ibambelela kakuhle kwi-substrate.

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba abantwana baqanduselwe, abazali baqalisa ukufowuna ukuze abantwana balazi ilizwi labo. Xa ekugqibeleni zikhasa ziphuma eqandeni, sele ziyabona. Amakhwenkwe aqala ukunxiba ilokhwe eshinyeneyo. Emva kokuqanduselwa, amantshontsho anyanyekelwa ukuya kutsho kwiintsuku ezingama-70 phambi kokuba abhabhe kakuhle kwaye azimele.

Malunga neeveki ezintathu, amantshontsho kufuneka aphumelele uvavanyo olukhulu lwenkalipho: nangona engekakwazi ukubhabha, olula amaphiko awo amafutshane aze atsibe ukusuka kumatye aphakamileyo azalela elwandle. Intaka engumzali idla ngokubakhapha. Xa betsiba, bafowuna ngokuqaqambileyo nangokuvakalayo ukuze bahlale benxibelelana nabazali babo.

Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiLummensprung ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngorhatya ngexesha longcwalazi. Ezinye iintaka ezincinci ziyafa xa zitsiba, kodwa uninzi luyasinda nokuba luthe lwawela elunxwemeni olunamatye: Ngenxa yokuba zisatyebile, zinomaleko wamafutha kunye nedyasi eshinyeneyo, zikhuselekile. Emva ‘kokulahlekisa’ okunjalo abalekela kwicala elingasemanzini esiya kubazali bawo. IiGuillemots zihlala kwiindawo ezinzulu zolwandle iminyaka emibini yokuqala yobomi. Zibuyela kwindlwane yazo xa zineminyaka emithathu ubudala kwaye zikwazi ukuzala xa zineminyaka emine ukuya kwemihlanu ubudala.

Zinxibelelana njani ii-guillemots?

Kuvakala kakhulu kwiindawo zokuzalela ii-guillemots. Umnxeba ovakala ngathi “wah wah wah” kwaye ungaphantse ujike ube ngumgqumo uqhelekile. Iintaka nazo zenza ingxolo nentswahla.