UMary Allen
Ngenxa yesiko lazo elinomtsalane lokuthandana kunye neentsiba zazo eziluhlaza-luhlaza, i-wood grouse yenye yezona ntaka zintle eYurophu. Ngelishwa, baye banqabile kakhulu kunye nathi.
iimpawu
Ijongeka njani i-grouse?
I-Capercaillies ikhula ibe malunga nobukhulu be-turkey, ilinganisa ukuya kwi-120 yeesentimitha ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya emsileni. Oku kubenza ibe yenye yeentaka ezinkulu zalapha. Zikwanobunzima beekhilogram ezine ukuya kwezintlanu, ezinye zide ziye kutsho ezintandathu. Njengelungu lentsapho ye-grouse, ezi ntaka zineentsiba ezimnyama, eziluhlaza-luhlaza ezintanyeni, esifubeni nasemqolo.
Amaphiko amdaka. Zinechokoza elincinane elimhlophe emacaleni, kwaye isisu nangaphantsi komsila nazo zimhlophe. Eyona nto iphawulekayo kuphawu olubomvu olukhanyayo ngaphezu kweso: into ebizwa ngokuba yi-rose. Idumba kakhulu ngexesha lokuthandana. Ukongezelela, ngeli xesha i<em>capercaillie inentsiba ezimbalwa esilevini zayo ezifana neendevu.
Iimazi zimalunga nesithathu esincinci kwaye azibonakali ngokumdaka-mhlophe. Kuphela isikhuseli sesifuba esibomvu-ntsundu kunye nomsila obomvu-obomvu kunye nomnyama obomvu ophuma kwintsiba elula. Ezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zibonisa ukuba i<em>capercaillie isekhaya kwimimandla ebandayo: Impumlo yazo ikhuselwe ngeentsiba yaye ekwindla nasebusika imilenze, iinyawo yaye ingakumbi iinzwane zinentsiba ezixineneyo.
Ihlala phi i-grouse?
Ngaphambili, i-wood grouse yayixhaphake kwiintaba zawo wonke umbindi nomntla weYurophu kunye nombindi nomntla weAsia.
Ngenxa yokuba zazizingelwa kakhulu kwaye kungekho ndawo zilungele ukuhlala kuyo, ezi ntaka zintle zihlala kuphela kwimimandla embalwa yaseYurophu, njengeScandinavia neSkotlani. EJamani, mhlawumbi kukho izilwanyana ezili-1200 kuphela eziseleyo. Zifumaneka ikakhulu kwiiAlps zaseBavaria, kwiHlathi eliMnyama nakwihlathi laseBavaria.
I-Capercaillie idinga amahlathi apholileyo, alula kunye namahlathi axubileyo anemigxobhozo kunye ne-moors. Uninzi lwemifuno kunye namaqunube, umzekelo, amaqunube, kufuneka akhule phantsi. Kwaye bafuna imithi yokuhlehla ukuze balale.
Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezisondeleleneyo zegrouse: ezi ziquka igrouse emnyama, iptarmigan kunye nehazel grouse. Iinkukhu ze-grouse kunye ne-prairie zifumaneka kuphela kuMntla Melika.
Iba neminyaka emingaphi igrouse?
I-Capercaillie grouse inokuphila ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-18.
Ziphathe
Iphila njani igrouse?
UCapercaillie uhlala enyanisekile kwilizwe labo lokuzalwa. Emva kokuba beyikhethile intsimi, banokubonwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Zibhabha kuphela imigama emifutshane kwaye zihlala kakhulu emhlabeni apho zikhangela ukutya khona. Ngokuhlwa, ziqabela emithini ukuze zilale kuba zikhuselekile kumarhamncwa apho.
I-Capercaillie iyaziwa ngesithethe sabo esingaqhelekanga sokuthandana ngo-Matshi no-Aprili: Ekuseni, iqhude liqala ingoma yalo yokuthandana. Ibandakanya ukucofa, ukutswina kunye nezandi eziqhwabayo. Le ntaka iqala ukuma ngendlela eqhelekileyo ngokwaneka umsila wayo kwisangqa, yolule amaphiko ayo ize yolulele intloko phezulu. Ingoma yokuthandana iphetha nge-trill evakala ngathi "kalöpkalöpp-kalöppöppöpp".
UCapercaillie ziimvumi ezizingisayo: ziphindaphinda ingoma yazo yokuthandana izihlandlo ezingamakhulu amabini ukuya kwamakhulu amathathu ntsasa nganye; ngexesha eliphambili lokuthandana ukuya kumaxesha angamakhulu amathandathu. I-Capercaillie grouse ineendawo ezithile zokuthandana abazityelela rhoqo kusasa. Apho zitsibela emoyeni ziqhwabaze amaphiko azo phambi kokuba ziqalise ukucula – zidla ngokuhlala endulini okanye kwisiphunzi somthi. Naphakathi kweengoma, ziqhubeka zibhabha, zibhabha emoyeni.
Xa umqhagi sele uchukumise isikhukukazi ngobuchule baso, sikhwelana naso. Nangona kunjalo, i-grouse ayitshati i-monogamous: amaqhude adibana neenkukhu ezininzi ezifika kwintsimi yazo. Noko ke, abakhathali ngokukhulisa abaselula.
Kakade ke: i-capercaillie grouse inokuba yinto engaqhelekanga kwaye ibe ndlongondlongo ngexesha lexesha lokukhwelana. Kwakukho iingxelo eziphindaphindiweyo ukuba i-grouse emva koko ithatha abahambi ehlathini njengabakhuphisana kwaye bavale indlela yabo.
Abahlobo kunye neentshaba ze-capercaillie
I-Capercaillie yayizingelwa kakhulu ngabantu. Iintshaba zendalo zizilo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifana nempungutye. I-grouse encinci inokuba lixhoba layo.
Ivelisa njani i-capercaillie?
Inzala ye-capercaillie ngumsebenzi wowesifazane: kuphela amabhinqa anyamekela i-brood. I<em>grouse ibeka amaqanda amalunga namathandathu ukuya kwalishumi kumngxuma wendlwane phakathi kweengcambu okanye izikhondo zomthi emhlabeni, ize iwafukamele kangangeentsuku ezingama-26 ukuya kwezingama-28. Amaqanda alingana neqanda lenkukhu.
I<em>capercaillie eselula ikhule ngaphambi kwexesha elithile: Kusuku nje olunye emva kokuqanduselwa, inqumla kwityholo elishinyeneyo elikumgangatho wehlathi, ikhuselwe ngunina. Bahlala kukhathalelo lukamama kangangeeveki ezintathu kodwa basahlala kunye njengentsapho ebusika. Iinkukhu ze-Capercaillie kunye namantshontsho azo kunzima ukuwabona njengoko zigqunywe kakuhle ngeentsiba zazo ezimdaka kunye ne-beige. Xa amantshontsho esongelwa ngamarhamncwa, unina uyawaphazamisa ngokwenza ngathi enzakele: agxadazela emhlabeni enamaphiko aqhwalelayo, etsala ingqalelo yamarhamncwa.
I-grouse inxibelelana njani?
Ingoma ka-capercaillie yokuthandana ithe cwaka kakhulu ekuqaleni kodwa emva koko ibe phezulu kangangokuba inokuviwa kumgama weemitha ezingama-400.
Care
Itya ntoni igrouse?
I-Capercaillie idla ngokuyinhloko kumagqabi, amahlumela, iinaliti, ii-buds, kwaye, ekwindla, kumajikijolo. Isisu sakho kunye namathumbu enzelwe ukwetyisa ukutya kwezityalo. Zikwaginya neengqalutye, ezinceda ukuqhekeza ukutya esiswini.
Zikwathanda iimbovane kunye nezinye izinambuzane kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zizingela amacikilishe okanye iinyoka ezincinci. Amantshontsho kunye ne-capercaillie eselula, ngakumbi, kufuneka iprotheni eninzi: Ngoko ke ubukhulu becala bondla ooqongqothwane, iimopane, iimpukane, iintshulube, iinkumba, neembovane.
Ukulima kweCapercaillie
Ngenxa yokuba baneentloni kakhulu kwaye berhoxile, i-wood grouse ayifane igcinwe kwimizi yogcino-zilwanyana. Ukongeza, naxa besekuthinjweni, badinga uhlobo olukhethekileyo lokutya ekunzima ukukufumana, oko kukuthi amagqabi kunye namahlumela amancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba bakhuliswe ngabantu, banokuba mbuna kakhulu: ke amaqhude ayakwazi ukukhwela abantu ngakumbi kune-grouse.