UMary Allen
I-Giardia sisihloko phantse wonke umntu oyoyikayo phakathi kwabanini beekati kunye neenja. Akumangalisi ke ngoko, kuba ezi zifunxi-gazi zincinci neziqhelekileyo zesisu zinokosulela kuthi bantu kwaye nezilwanyana zinokosulelana ngokukhawuleza ukuze wonke umntu abe nohlaselo olunjalo.
I-Giardia ibangelwa ikakhulu luhudo olunzima kwizinja kunye neekati. Ekubeni ngokwezibalo zonke inja yesine kunye nekati yesithandathu yosulelwe yi-Giardia kwaye izinga losulelo kwiinjana kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci zifikelela kuma-70 ekhulwini, singathanda ukunika ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nombandela weGiardia kweli nqaku.
Ziziphi izizathu zale nto, yintoni enokuyenza ngayo, kwaye yintoni enye into oyenzayo, njengomnini wezilwanyana ezichaphazelekayo, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo ukuze ulahle ama-parasites acasulayo kanye kunye.
Yintoni iGiardia?
I-Giardia yi-microscopic, i-parasites eneseli enye enokubangela ukugabha kunye nohudo olunzima kwizilwanyana kwaye ngoko ke kunokuba yingozi kakhulu, ngakumbi kwixesha elide. I-unicellular parasites zezona zixhaphakileyo ze-gastrointestinal parasites ezinjeni. Ubalo lubonisa ukuba i-10-20 pesenti yazo zonke izinja ezinesifo sorhudo ziye zosulelwa zezi zifunxi-gazi. Kodwa i-Giardia ayenzeki kuphela ezinjeni okanye kwiikati.
I-Giardia yenye yezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-zoonoses. Oku kuthetha ukuba sisifo esosulelayo esinokudluliselwa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezilwanyana nabantu. Abantu abanesistim somzimba esibuthathaka okanye abantwana abancinci basengozini enkulu yokosulelwa zizilwanyana.
Nangona kunjalo, izinga losulelo lisezantsi kakhulu kubantu abadala abasempilweni nabo banenqanaba elithile lezempilo. I-Giardia isasazeka ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yengozi enkulu yokusuleleka. Umzekelo, ukuba unezilwanyana ezininzi ekhaya, kunokwenzeka ukuba izilwanyana ezininzi ziya kuchaphazeleka. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, zonke izilwanyana zihlala ziphathwa ngaxeshanye. Ngoko akumangalisi ukuba i-Giardia inokuba yingozi kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo zokuhlala zezilwanyana, izindlu zokuhlala zezilwanyana okanye ezinye iindawo apho izilwanyana ezininzi zihlala kwindawo enye.
Unobangela weGiardia
Ukosulelwa kwezi zifunxi-gazi kwenzeka ngomlomo ngalo lonke ixesha. Ngolwimi olulula, oku kuthetha ukuba isifo sidluliselwa ngomlomo. Xa iginyiwe, i-Giardia iphelela emathunjini amancinci kwaye yenza umonakalo apha. Inokuzincamathela kwiiseli ze-intestinal ye-host's intestinal ngohlobo lwekomityi yokufunxa, yonakalise udonga lwamathumbu.
Lo monakalo ubonakala kwizilwanyana ezininzi ezichaphazelekayo ngegazi kwi-stool, ngoko ke enye yeempawu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho iimeko ezifanelekileyo, i-Giardia iphindaphinda ngokukhawuleza. Ngelo xesha, uhlobo lwe-capsule echasayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-cyst. Izigidi zezi zibuye zikhutshelwe sisilwanyana kwilindle yaye ngaloo ndlela ziyakwazi ukufumana zize zihlasele ezinye izilwanyana ukuze zisasazeke apho kwakhona.
I-giardia iyakwazi ukuhlala kwi-cyst malunga neveki kwi-lindle yesilwanyana esichaphazelekayo, kunye ukuya kwiiveki ezininzi emhlabeni okanye emanzini abandayo. Le nyaniso ikwabenza babe yingozi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imeko-bume ifumile kancinane kwaye ipholile, kusenokwenzeka ukuba banokuphila kangangeenyanga eziliqela baze ngaloo ndlela bosulele umkhosi omtsha.
Abantu kunye nezilwanyana ngoku bangosuleleka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye usulelo luhlala lusenziwa ngomlomo. Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza xa izilwanyana zisela kwizitya zokusela ezosulelekileyo okanye zokuxheshisela, zidada emanzini anentsholongwane kwaye zidibana nengca eyosulelekileyo xa zikhothwayo kunokuba yingozi ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza, kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza xa izilwanyana zidlala kunye okanye zikhothana, njengeekati, umzekelo, ukuthanda ukwenza omnye komnye.
Iimpawu zeGiardia
Iimpawu zifana kakhulu kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, nangona zibonakala ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokucacileyo, ngakumbi kwizilwanyana ezinomzimba obuthathaka. Kwizilwanyana ezisempilweni kwaye ezomeleleyo kusenokwenzeka ukuba awuboni zimpawu kwaphela kwaye nazo azinazimpawu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezi zilwanyana zibe ngabathwali kuphela, ukuze zosuleleke nangona kungekho zimpawu zikhoyo ngoko ke zinokosulela ezinye izilwanyana.
Enye yeempawu ezicacileyo kurhudo kwizilwanyana ezichaphazelekayo. Oku kudla ngokuba sisirhudo esiqatha kwaye siphindaphindeka, esinokuthi sikhatshwe ligazi okanye ukukhutshelwa komfinya. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, igazi kunye ne-mucus ziza ngodonga lwamathumbu owonakele.
Izilwanyana esele zineengxaki zesisu zidla ngokuba mbi ngakumbi. Kakade ke, oku kuquka nokugabha kokutya okanye ulwelo. Ngaphaya koko, ezinye izikhalazo nazo zinokuvuselelwa kwaye zibe mandundu. Ngokubanzi, izinja ngokwemvelo ziziva zidiniwe. Udinwe ngakumbi kunesiqhelo kwaye iintlungu aziqhelekanga.
Lufunyaniswa njani uhlaselo lweGiardia?
Nje ukuba inja yakho okanye ikati yakho ineengxaki zesisu kunye namathumbu ixesha elide kwaye iphathwa lurhudo oluqatha okanye ukuhlanza, ugqirha wezilwanyana kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo asoloko eboniswa. Nje ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa ukuba inja okanye ikati ine-Giardia, iimvavanyo ezininzi ziyenziwa. Njengomnini, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka unikeze iisampulu zesitulo kwizilwanyana, ngamanye amaxesha zide ziqokelelwe iintsuku ezininzi.
Iisampulu zesitulo ngoku zivavanyelwa ivumba, ukungaguquguquki kunye nombala. Ngaphaya koko, oku kuyaphononongwa ngokumalunga nezifunxi-gazi okanye abanye oonobangela bolu rhudo. Oogqirha baneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubonisa ngokucacileyo usulelo olunjalo. Olona vavanyo luqhelekileyo lwaziwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-ELISA antigen. Ngelishwa, uvavanyo olubi alusoloko luthetha ukuba isilwanyana asinalo usulelo lwe-Giardia, ngoko ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukwenza olu vavanyo kwakhona kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva.
I-Giardia infestation - kwenzeka ntoni ngoku?
Ukuba i-giardia iqinisekisiwe ngugqirha wezilwanyana, kubalulekile ukuba isilwanyana esichaphazelekayo siphathwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngelishwa, unyango olunjalo alusoloko lulula, ekubeni olu sulelo sesinye sezona zifo zinenkani. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zonke izilwanyana, ukuba zininzi zihlala endlwini, kufuneka zinyangwe ngaxeshanye. Izilwanyana ngoku zinikwe iyeza elinokuthi lisetyenziswe xa kuthe kwakho iintshulube. Izinto ezisebenzayo zidla ngokuba yi-fenbendazole okanye i-metronidazole. Esi sisithako esisebenzayo esifuna ummiselo, ngokuqinisekileyo ofumaneka kuphela kugqirha wezilwanyana. Ukongeza, iyeza kufuneka lisetyenziswe kwakhona emva kweeveki ezimbini kwiimeko ezininzi.
Kule meko, abanye oogqirha bezilwanyana bathatha ithuba lokutshintshisana phakathi kwamachiza amabini. Yile ndlela zombini izithako ezisebenzayo zisebenza ngayo kwaye amathuba okuphilisa makhulu ngokubanzi. Abanye oogqirha bezilwanyana ngoku bacebisa abanini-ndawo ukuba babaphakele ukutya okutyekayo ngokulula okunamandla amakhulu kangangenyanga. Ngale ndlela, isisu kunye namathumbu agxininiswe kancinci kangangoko ukuze akwazi ukuchacha. Ukuba awuqhelananga kakhulu noku, ungafuna iingcebiso ngqo kugqirha wezilwanyana. Abanye oogqirha bade babe nokutya okukhethekileyo kwesi simo ekusebenzeni, abo bachaphazelekayo banokuthenga ngokuthe ngqo kwisiza ukuze balungiselele isidlo esilandelayo ngokufanelekileyo. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo ngeli xesha lucoceko.
Amanyathelo ococeko xa kwenzeka i-Giardia infestation
Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ucoceko ngoku ludlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekususeni i-Giardia infestation ngokukhawuleza kwaye ugweme ukuphinda usuleleke kwasekuqaleni. Koku kulandelayo, siza kuchaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba la manyathelo ococeko kufuneka ajongeke njani:
Ukubulala iintsholongwane kwindawo esingqongileyo
Inqaku elibaluleke kakhulu kucoceko kukubulala iintsholongwane kokusingqongileyo. Oku kuquka, ngokomzekelo, ukuba ilindle likhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo kwizilwanyana ukuze ezinye izilwanyana zingadibani nazo kwasekuqaleni. Ngaphaya koko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucoca okusingqongileyo. Imiphezulu egudileyo inokucocwa ngesicoci esineammonia. Iikhaphethi kunye nefanitshala yelaphu eyahlukileyo okanye ibhaskithi yesilwanyana, indawo yokukrwela, iingubo kunye nezinto zokudlala kufuneka nazo zicocwe ngocoselelo. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokucoca umphunga zilungele oku.
Ngaphandle koko, izinto ezahlukeneyo zinokuhlanjwa kumaqondo aphezulu, nangona ingezizo zonke iimveliso ezilungele oku kwaye zinokuphuka. Izitya zokuxheshisela kunye nokusela kufuneka zicocwe ngamanzi abilayo, ngakumbi amaxesha amaninzi ngemini. Ukongeza, akufuneki ulibale ukwenza iintsholongwane kwimoto emva kokuhambisa isilwanyana, kuba iintsholongwane ziyafumaneka apha. Ukucocwa kwendawo ejikelezileyo, njengekhaphethi okanye umgangatho kwigumbi lokuhlala, kufuneka kwenziwe yonke imihla kule ndawo. Le kuphela kwendlela onokuthi uqiniseke ngayo ukuba yonke iGiardia isusiwe.
Hlamba isilwanyana sasekhaya
Kubanini bezinja abaninzi liphupha elibi, kodwa eli nyathelo likwabalulekile. Isilwanyana sasekhaya ngoku kufuneka sihlanjwe ngeshampu ekhethekileyo. Kungcono ukuhlamba isilwanyana ngosuku lokugqibela lonyango. Nangona kulula kakhulu ngezinja, nokuba isilwanyana siyasithanda okanye asithandi, ukuhlamba okunjalo kunzima kakhulu kwiikati. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oogqirha bezilwanyana abaninzi bacebisa kuphela ukuhlamba ngasemva kweekati. I-cysts isenokufihlwa kuboya bezilwanyana, ezinokuthi zikhothwe kwaye zibangele usulelo olulandelayo. Kwizilwanyana ezineenwele ezinde, ukucheba iinwele ezijikeleze i-anus mfutshane kunokunceda. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa ucoceko apho.
Ibhokisi yenkunkuma kufuneka icocwe yonke imihla ngamanzi atshisayo kwaye yomiswe kakuhle, kuba i-Giardia inokuphila emanzini kunye neendawo ezimanzi ixesha elide. Ukongeza, ilindle kunye nomchamo kufuneka zihlale zisuswe ngokukhawuleza. Nococeko lomntu akufunekanga alilibale naphantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko, kuba nathi singabantu sinokosulelwa zezi zifunxi-gazi emva koko sizidlulisele. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlale uhlamba izandla zakho emva kokuba udibene nesilwanyana. Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba kukho abantwana ekhaya, kufuneka kulumke ngakumbi. Eyona nto ikhuselekileyo apha kukuba abantwana baphephe izilwanyana ngexesha lonyango, kuba umngcipheko wokosulela ukhulu kakhulu, ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci. Ngenxa yomngcipheko ophezulu wosulelo, nceda uphinde uphathe izilwanyana zendlu yakho ezingekabonakali naziphi na iimpawu, kuba le kuphela kwendlela onokuqiniseka ngayo ukukhupha yonke i-Giardia.
Amanyathelo ococeko ngokujonga nje:
- Nceda uhlale ususa inkunkuma ngokukhawuleza kwaye uyilahle kwiingxowa ezivaliweyo;
- Hlamba izilwanyana ngokucokisekileyo nge-shampoo ekhethekileyo, zombini ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwonyango, ekhoyo kunyango lwezilwanyana;
- Ukunciphisa uboya kwindawo yangasese ukuze ube nolawulo olungcono lococeko;
- Ukucoca ibhokisi ye-litter yonke imihla ngamanzi ashushu. Emva koko yomise kakuhle. Susa ilindle lekati kunye nomchamo ngokukhawuleza ukuba kunokwenzeka;
- Coca izitya zokutya kunye nezitya zamanzi imihla ngemihla ngamanzi abilayo kwaye zome kakuhle;
- Hlala unika izilwanyana amanzi amatsha;
- Hlamba iingubo, imiqamelo, kunye nazo zonke iindawo zokulala zezilwanyana kumatshini wokuhlamba ubuncinane ama-65 °;
- Ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwonyango, hlambulula zonke iithoyizi ngamanzi abilayo, ekwasebenza nakwizithuba zokuqhawula ikati;
- Kwakhona phatha imigangatho eqinile kunye nabacoci bejet ye-steam, ngokukhethekileyo kwiqondo lokushisa ubuncinane ubuncinane be-60 degrees.
isiphelo
Nje ukuba ube ne-Giardia infestation kwikhaya lakho, akusoloko kulula ukuyisusa. Ukongeza, imfuyo yakho ayinakukhuselwa kakhulu kwizifunxi-gazi. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukulususa ngokukhawuleza usulelo olunjalo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umzi uphela ungenayo i-Giardia. Ukongeza kunyango, amanyathelo ococeko abaluleke kakhulu kum kwaye akufanele ajongelwe phantsi okanye athathwe kancinci. Ukuba uneempawu ezinjalo, nceda uhlale uye kugqirha wezilwanyana omthembileyo kwaye inja okanye ikati yakho ijongwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuze ukhawuleze ufike emazantsi esizathu ukuze unyango luqhutywe ngokukhawuleza.