Ezi ntlobo zeNja ziBukrelekrele ngakumbi

Kukho ezinye iintlobo zezinja ekuthiwa zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lobukrelekrele. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye eyenza ubukrelekrele ezinjeni? Ngokutsho kwesazi ngengqondo, ezi 10 iintlobo zezinja zezona zikrelekrele.

Ukulinganisa ubukrelekrele kunzima. Ngenxa yokuba kukho “iintlobo” ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zobukrelekrele. Ngokomzekelo, isazi ngengqondo uStanley Coren ubhala ngezi ntlobo zintathu zilandelayo zobulumko:

• ubukrelekrele obuguquguqukayo: zifumanele izinto ngokwakho, tshintsha/ziqhelanise nokuziphatha kwakho;
• ubukrelekrele bokusebenza: landela imiyalelo;
• ubukrelekrele bemvelo: iitalente zemvelo.

Kukwakho neminye imiba enje ngobukrelekrele besithuba okanye ngokwentlalo kwaye, ngaphezu kwayo yonke into ebantwini, kulwimi, kumculo, okanye kubukrelekrele bemathematika.

Uphononongo kuBukrelekrele bezinja

Isazi sengqondo uCoren wenze uphando lwengqondo ye-canine kwiminyaka ye-1990, udliwano-ndlebe nabagwebi be-199 bezinja ezithobelayo. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi “The Intelligence of Dogs” (1994) uthe thaca iziphumo zakhe kwaye wazihlela iindidi zezinja “kwiiklasi zobuntlola” ezahlukeneyo. Wathathela ingqalelo izinto ezimbini:

• Zingaphi uphindaphindo ekufuneka inja ifunde umyalelo omtsha?
• Yeyiphi ipesenti yexesha ethobelayo inja?

Ke, isifundo sikaCoren ngokuyintloko sibandakanya ubukrelekrele bokusebenza.

IiNja ezili-10 ezihlakaniphileyo zizala ngokukaStanley Coren

Ngokutsho kwesazi ngengqondo uStanley Coren, ezi zezona ntlobo zilishumi zezinja zikrelekrele. Ekubeni wayevavanya kuphela ubukrelekrele bokusebenza, umntu unokuzichaza “njengezona ntlobo zezinja zithobelayo”. UCoren wabiza ezi zinja zili-10 ngokuthi “udidi oluphambili”: Zifunda umyalelo omtsha ngaphantsi kophindaphindo oluhlanu yaye zithobela ubuncinane ama-95 ekhulwini exesha.

Indawo ye-10: Inja yeenkomo yase-Australia

Inja yenkomo yase-Australia yinja esebenzayo efuna umthambo omninzi kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Unomdla ebantwini kwaye uyadlala. Ngenxa yobukrelekrele bayo obuphezulu, ifanelekile njengenja yomlindi. Uyakuthanda ukwenza imisebenzi eyabelweyo kuba uzimisele kakhulu ukusebenza. Ekubeni uhlala elawula kakhulu, ufuna uqeqesho oluqhubekayo kunye nentlalontle kwaye ayifanelekanga kwabaqalayo.

Indawo ye-9: Rottweilers

I-Rottweiler yinja eqaphileyo enesimo esomeleleyo kunye nethuku elikhuselayo. Le nja ayifanelekanga kwabaqalayo. Uyakwazi ukuvavanya nokuvavanya iimeko ngokuzimeleyo kwaye ukrelekrele kakhulu. Iphakanyiswe kakuhle kwaye yahlalisana, iRottweiler liqabane elithembekileyo kwaye libonisa icala lakhe elithandekayo. Usetyenziswa njengenja yamapolisa.

Indawo ye-8: iPapillon

I-papillon encinci yinja yosapho enobubele, edlamkileyo, nenobubele kwaye yaziwa ngokuba ithambile kwaye ikrelekrele, isenza kube lula ukuyiqeqesha. Ukwanazo neemvakalelo zomntu. I-papillon inomdla kakhulu kwaye ithanda zonke iintlobo zemidlalo: iyakonwabela ukubuyisa, ukusezela, kunye nemidlalo yobukrelekrele.

Indawo ye-7: iLabrador Retrievers

I-Labrador Retriever eyaziwayo ithathwa njengenja eneetalente ezininzi kunye ne-humored. Ukrelekrele kakhulu kwaye uzimisele ukufunda kwaye unesidingo esikhulu sokukholisa umnini wakhe. Imisebenzi yakhe njengenja yokuhlangula, inja ekhokelayo kunye nenja ephunga iziyobisi ibonisa indlela eguquguquka ngayo kwaye ikrelekrele ngayo olu hlobo lwenja.

Indawo yesithandathu: Inja yeegusha yaseShetland

Inja yeegusha iShetland yinja eqeqeshekayo, ekrelekrele, enendalo entle, kwaye inobuhlobo. Ekuqaleni yayisetyenziswa njengezinja zokwalusa, iiShelties zifunda ngokukhawuleza nangolonwabo. Bafuna uhambo olude kwindalo yonke imihla kwaye bafuna ukuba nomngeni ngokwasengqondweni. Uqeqesho njengonyango okanye inja yokuhlangula lunokwenzeka nakwinja yeShetland.

Indawo ye-5: Doberman Pinscher

I-Dobermann ibonakaliswe ngokuqonda ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuzimisela ukufunda kwaye ngoko kufuneka kube ngumngeni ngokwengqondo nangokwenyama. Ukuzalana kwakhe nabantu kunye nemfuno yakhe yokubambana kukhula ngokupheleleyo xa ezi mfuno zihlangatyezwana. Izinja ezilumkileyo nezinomsindo zikwasetyenziswa ngamapolisa kunye nemikhosi exhobileyo.

Indawo yesi-4: iGolden Retrievers

IGolden Retriever yinyanda yamandla enomoya efuna ubuninzi bomsebenzi wengqondo kunye nomthambo ukuze wonwabe. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, ithathwa njengenja elungileyo yosapho kwaye ijolise kakhulu ebantwini. Izinja zisabela ngamandla kwilizwi kunye nolwimi lomzimba kwaye kulula ukuqeqesha ngendlela yokudlala kunye nothando, kunye nomxube wokuhlekisa kunye nokuhambelana.

Indawo ye-3: I-German Shepherd

Umalusi waseJamani yinja elumke kakhulu ezimisele ukufunda nokusebenza, leyo-ngoqeqesho olufanelekileyo-iya kuba ngumhlobo othobelayo nothembekileyo ebomini. Ubukrelekrele bakhe bubonakala kwiindima zakhe njengokwalusa, amapolisa kunye nenja yasemkhosini. Umalusi waseJamani udinga umsebenzi omningi wengqondo kunye nomzimba kunye nomnini oqinisekisayo omfundisa ngothando kunye nokungaguquguquki.

Indawo ye-2: Poodle

IiPoodles ziphakathi kwezona ntlobo zikrelekrele zizinja kuba zikrelekrele, zinomdla wokufunda, ziguquguquka, zinovelwano kwaye zisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi. Basabela kakuhle kuqeqesho lwabantu kwaye balandela imiyalelo ngokulula kakhulu. Ngenxa yokukwazi kwabo ukufunda, iipoodle kudala zizinja ezidumileyo zesekisi. IiPoodles zihlobene nabantu kwaye zinothando kwaye ziya kwenza nantoni na ukwenza "abantu" babo bonwabe.

Indawo ye-1: Border Collie

I-Border Collie ithathwa njenge "Einstein" yezinja. Ufunda ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufuna umsebenzi owenziwe ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kangangokuba akafanelekanga kwizinja ze-novice. Ukukhuliswa kwakhe nokuqeqeshwa kufuna uvakalelo oluninzi kuba xa iBorder Collie ifake isimilo ngaphakathi, kunzima ukuyiqeqesha kwakhona. IBorder Collie yayifuyelwe ukwalusa iigusha kwaye iwenza kakuhle lo msebenzi ngolonwabo.

Ezi ntlobo zeenja ezilishumi ngamanye amaxesha zahluke kakhulu, kodwa nazo zabelana ngeempawu ezininzi. Kuyacaca ukuba inja iintlobo ezihlelwa ngokwendlela yokusebenza yobukrelekrele nazo iimpawu ezithetha ingqiqo okanye ithuku: Umzekelo, uvelwano, ukulungelelana, kunye nokuzaliseka kwemisebenzi ekwaluseni, ukugada, okanye izinja zokuhlangula nazo zibonisa ubukrelekrele obuphezulu .

Kwakhona kuyacaca ukuba ubukrelekrele obuphezulu kunye nokuzimisela ukufunda kwizinja akuyinto "eyongezelelweyo" emnandi, kodwa impawu zomlingiswa obophelela umnini ukuba akhuthaze kwaye agcine inja yakhe ixakekile, ngaphandle koko inja ayiyi kuvuya.

Ngaphantsi Intelligent Dog Breeds?

Ukongeza kwiintlobo ezilishumi zeenja ezikrelekrele kakhulu, isazi ngengqondo uStanley Coren esichaza "njengeklasi yenkulumbuso", wahlela ezinye iintlobo zezinja:

• Iklasi yesiBini: Izinja ezigqwesileyo ezisebenzayo ezidla ngokufunda imiyalelo emitsha kwi-15 ukuya kwi-85 ngokukhawuleza kwaye zithobela i-XNUMX ekhulwini lexesha.

Imizekelo yale klasi: Miniature Schnauzer, Collie, Cocker Spaniel, Weimaraner, Bernese Mountain Dog, Pomeranian

• Iklasi Yesithathu: Izinja ezisebenzayo ezingaphezu komndilili ezivame ukufunda umyalelo omtsha kwi-15 ukuya kwi-25 ukuphindaphinda kwaye zithobela i-70 pesenti yexesha.

Imizekelo yale klasi: Yorkshire Terriers, Newfoundlands, Irish Setters, Affenpinschers, Dalmatians

• IBanga leSine: I-avareji yezinja ezisebenzayo ezivame ukufunda iqhinga elitsha emva kokuzama kwama-25 ukuya kuma-40 kwaye zithobela ubuncinane i-50 ekhulwini lexesha.

Imizekelo yale klasi: Irish Wolfhound, Australian Shepherd, Saluki, Siberian Husky, Boxer, Great Dane

• IBanga lesihlanu: Izinja ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ezidla ngokufunda umyalelo omtsha kwi-40 ukuya kwi-80 ukuphindaphinda kwaye zithobela i-40 ekhulwini lexesha.

Imizekelo yale klasi: Pug, French Bulldog, Lakeland Terrier, St. Bernard, Chihuahua

• IBanga lesithandathu: Izinja ezisebenzayo ezincinci, ukufunda iqhinga elitsha emva kokuphindaphinda okungaphezulu kwe-100 kunye nokuthobela malunga neepesenti ze-30 zexesha.

Imizekelo yale klasi: mastiff, beagle, chow chow, bulldog, Afghan hound

Nokuba yeyiphi na iklasi, olu luhlelo nje oluqhelekileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, inja nganye izimele kwaye ngoko ke ubukrelekrele bunokwahluka ukusuka kwinja ukuya kwinja.

Kolu kuhlelwa, ubukrelekrele bokusebenza babuphambili. Ngoko ke, akuthethi ukuba izinja ezichazwe nguCoren njengezikrelekrele "zisisimumu" okanye zilula. Ngenxa yokuba inja (isoloko) ayithobeli imiyalelo yabantu akuthethi ukuba “ayinangqondo”. Ingcali yokuziphatha kwezilwanyana uFrans de Waal, umzekelo, wakhusela i-Afghan Hound kaCoren yokugqibela: Akazange asikwe nje kwaye womiswe, kodwa "ingqondo yenkululeko" engathandi ukulandela imiyalelo. Olu hlobo lwenja mhlawumbi lufana neekati ezingathandi ukuhambelana.