UMary Allen
Izinja zinembonakalo yobuso ekhawulezayo kuneengcuka - oku ngoku kuye kwangqinwa ngokwe-anatomically. Abantu bakhetha izilwanyana ezinobuso obukhawulezayo njengezabo.
Izinja ezimanzi, izinja zixhwithana ngovuyo, izinja eziqhwanyaza kwikhamera ngaphantsi kwamanzi, okanye imifanekiso eneempawu zobuntu benja nganye: iikhalenda neencwadi ezinemifanekiso ezibonisa ubuso “bomhlobo osenyongweni” womntu onemilenze emine kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zinokuthenjwa. impumelelo yokuthengisa. Emva komdla wabantu ngobuso benja mhlawumbi unxibelelwano olulodwa phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini. Isibakala sokuba abantu kunye nezinja bahlala bejongana ebusweni kwaye banxibelelana besebenzisa inkangeleko yobuso iyahlula ubudlelwane babo kolo phakathi kwabantu kunye nezinye izilwanyana zasekhaya.
Imicu enqabileyo iphambili
Ukubaluleka kwembonakalo yobuso be-canine kunye nokuvela kwabo ngexesha lokufuywa ekhaya kuye kwangoku kube ngumxholo wezifundo ezahlukeneyo. U-Anne Burrows kunye noKailey Olmstead abavela kwiDyunivesithi yaseDuquesne ePennsylvania ngoku bongeza isiqwenga esitsha kwiphazili. Isazi ngebhayoloji kunye ne-anthropologist uBurrows kunye nesazi senzululwazi yezilwanyana u-Omstead uthelekisa umlinganiselo wokucotha ("i-slow-twitch", Uhlobo I) kunye nokukhawuleza ("i-fast-twitch", Uhlobo lwe-II) imicu yezihlunu kwizihlunu ezimbini zobuso zezinja, iingcuka, kunye nabantu. Uhlalutyo lwe-Immunohistochemical lweesampulu ezivela kwi-orbicularis oris muscle kunye ne-zygomaticus enkulu ye-muscle - zombini izihlunu zomlomo - zibonise ukuba i-fibers "i-fast-twitch" ekhawulezayo kwiimisipha kwizinja i-akhawunti ye-66 ukuya kwi-95 ipesenti, ngelixa umlinganiselo kookhokho babo, iingcuka, zafikelela kuphela kumyinge wama-25 ekhulwini.
Ukwakhiwa kwefiber ye-muscle ebusweni benja kufana nokubunjwa kwezihlunu zobuso bomntu. UBurrows kunye no-Olmstead bagqibe kwelokuba ngexesha lenkqubo yokufuywa ekhaya, abantu bakhetha abantu abanembonakalo yobuso ngokukhawuleza okanye bengazi.
I-Anatomy "yenkangeleko yenja"
Nangona kunjalo, izinyanya zengcuka sele zineemfuno ezifunekayo zobuso obune-nimble ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezingenayo-oku kuboniswe liqela elikhokelwa nguBurrows ngo-2020 kwimagazini yeengcali "IRekhodi ye-Anatomical". Ngokuchaseneyo neekati, izinja, kunye neengcuka, ngoko ke, zinomqolo ocacileyo wezicubu ezidibeneyo phakathi kwezihlunu zobuso kunye nolusu. Abantu nabo banomaleko wefiber, owaziwa ngokuba yi-SMAS (inkqubo ye-musculoaponeurotic engaphezulu). Ukongeza kwezona zihlunu zokulinganisa, ithathwa njengeyona nto ithatha isigqibo sokushukuma okuphezulu kobuso bomntu kwaye inokuba negalelo ekulinganiseni ukuguquguquka kwezinja.
Upapasho kwiiNkqubo zeNational Academy of Sciences, apho iqela elijikeleze iBurrows lichazwe ngo-2019 ukuba izinja zinezihlunu ezomeleleyo zokuphakamisa indawo ephakathi yamashiya kuneengcuka, zenze usasazo olunzulu lweendaba. Oku kudala "inkangeleko yenja" eqhelekileyo eyenza ukuziphatha okukhathalayo ebantwini.
Umbuzo obuzwa rhoqo
Ijongeka njani inja?
Iingcali zendaleko zithetha ngoxinzelelo lokukhetha olwenze inkangeleko yenja eqhelekileyo: Abantu kusenokwenzeka ukuba bahoye izinja ezazinenkangeleko ekrazula intliziyo rhoqo nangakumbi, ngoko ke zazikhethwa. Kwaye ke i-eyebrow muscle ibanjwe njengenzuzo yokusinda.
Ijongeka phi inja?
Abaphandi bakrokrela ukuba ezi zakhula zaba zizinja zasekhaya ngexesha lokuthambisa iingcuka. Inkangeleko yenja eqhelekileyo yenza ukuba izilwanyana zibukeke zingabantwana. Kwakhona, zifana nomntu olusizi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba abantu babe nethuku lokukhusela.
Kutheni izinja zinamashiya?
Amashiya ayindlela ebalulekileyo yonxibelelwano kwaye izinja ziye zafaka ngaphakathi ukuba. Thina, bantu, sinxibelelana nezinja kakhulu ngokujonga. Xa inja ilahlekile, ibheka umntu esweni, phezulu kweso ukuba ichaneke.
Ibona njani inja?
Izinja zibona imibala kuluhlu oluluhlaza-violet kunye nolutyheli-luhlaza. Ngoko ke abanayo imbono yombala obomvu-ufaniswa nomntu obomvu-oluhlaza-ongaboniyo. Iintlanzi neentaka ezininzi, kodwa nezinye izilwanyana, zineentlobo ezine zeecones, ngoko zibona imibala emininzi kunathi!
Ngaba inja inengqiqo yexesha?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo enika izinja isakhelo sengqiqo yexesha yi-biorhythm yazo. Njengezilwanyana ezanyisayo ezininzi, izinja ziphila ngokwesingqi se-circadian: imizimba yazo iyazixelela xa zinokusebenza naxa kufuneka ziphumle malunga neeyure ezingama-24.
Kutheni inja yam ibonakala ibuhlungu?
Ezinye izinja zibonisa iimpawu zokuziphatha ezibonisa ukuba ziziva zibuhlungu xa umntu omthandayo esifa okanye engasekho. Izinja ziyalwamkela ulwimi lomzimba womntu kunye neemvakalelo kwaye zinokwamkela usizi lwethu emva kokulahlekelwa ngumntu okhethekileyo.
Ngaba inja ingalila ngokufanelekileyo?
Izinja azikwazi ukulila ngenxa yosizi okanye uvuyo. Kodwa banokulila. Izinja, njengabantu, zinemibhobho yokukrazula egcina iliso lifumile. Ulwelo olugqithisileyo luthuthwa ngemibhobho ukuya kumngxuma wempumlo.
Ingahleka inja?
Xa izinja zibonisa amazinyo, abantu abaninzi basacinga ukuba le nto isoloko isisongelo. Kodwa yintoni abanini beenja abaninzi abaye bakholelwa kudala ngoku kwakhona kuqinisekiswa ngophando: izinja zinokuhleka.