Beka iMivundla ekuKhanyeni okuLungileyo

Ukukhanya kubalulekile – ebantwini nakuzo zonke izilwanyana ezanyisayo. Imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yemetabolism ibangelwa yi-vitamin D. Ukukhanya kukwachaphazela ukuchuma kwimivundla.

I-Animal Welfare Act imisela ubuncinane bemini yendalo ye-15 lux. I-1 lux ihambelana nokukhanya kwekhandlela elivuthayo kumgama wemitha enye. Ngokuqaqamba okunjalo, umlimi kusafuneka akwazi ukufunda iphephandaba lemihla ngemihla. Kungcono ukuba nokukhanya okungafaniyo eshedini ukuze izilwanyana zikwazi ukukhetha indawo eziyithandayo.

Ukukhanya kwasemini ngokuqinisekileyo kuyakhethwa kunomthombo wokukhanya ongeyomfuneko kuba imitha yeultraviolet inokubulala iintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ayisiyiyo yonke i-spectrum yemitha ye-UV enokungena ngeglasi yefestile. Igridi endaweni yefestile iyacetyiswa ngakumbi ngokwethekhnoloji yokukhanyisa.

Imivundla zizilwanyana ezizii-crepuscular; emini badla ngokuphumla. Ngenxa yoko, amandla abo okubona abuthathaka, kodwa basafuna ukukhanya kwasemini ukuze bazive bekhululekile baze bakhule kakuhle.

Ukukhanya kukhuthaza ukusebenza

Umphandi waseJamani u-Meike Schüddemage uye wafunda impembelelo yokukhanya ekuchumeni kwabasetyhini kunye neebhaki. Uthelekisa iziphumo phantsi kokukhanya kwendalo, iiyure ezisi-8, kunye nenkqubo yokukhanya yeeyure ezili-16 kwaye waqukumbela:

• Izinga lokukhawula (= umlinganiselo wenani lokukhulelwa ukuya kumitha okanye ukutsiba kweerandi) inokunyuswa kancinane kuphela ngokukhanya okwenziweyo.
• Ngokukhanya okwenziweyo kwiiyure ezili-16, elona nani liphezulu lamantshontsho azalwa lilonke linokufezekiswa xa lithelekiswa nokukhanya okwenziwa ngeeyure ezisibhozo; inkoliso yezilwanyana eziselula nayo yayilunyulwe phantsi kwempembelelo yokukhanya okungeyonyani okuziiyure ezili-16.
• I-avareji yokufunxa rhoqo yayiyi-1.14 izenzo zokufunxa kunye neprogram ye-16 yeyure ye-artificial light kunye ne-1.41 izenzo zokufunxa kunye nenkqubo yokukhanya kweeyure eziyi-8.

Kwingxelo yakhe, uSchuddemage uphawule ukuba ukuncanca kwemivundla kulandela isingqi esikhethekileyo kwaye ukutshintsha kokukhanya ukusuka kukukhanya ukuya kumnyama kunika amandla okuncanca. Ngenkqubo yokukhanya yokwenziwa kweeyure eziyi-16, iipesenti ezingama-28.1 zazo zonke izenzo zokufunxa zenzeke kwiyure yokuqala emva kokuba ukukhanya kucinyiwe. Iziphumo zikwabonise ukuba ukuncancisa kolutsha ubukhulu becala kwenzeka kwisigaba sobumnyama.

Impembelelo yokukhanya ikwachaphazela ukuphuhliswa komsebenzi wesondo; ukwanda kobude bemini entwasahlobo kubangele ukwanda komsebenzi wokutsiba kwiirandi.

Ngaba iimpembelelo zamaxesha onyaka (ubushushu kunye nokufuma) zichaphazela iiparamitha zokuchuma? Ukufuma kunye nobushushu bulinganiswe kwiqela lemivundla phantsi kweemeko ezingaguqukiyo kunye neeyure ezili-14 zokukhanya kwisithuba esiphantse sibe yiminyaka emibini ukufumanisa ukuba ezi zinto zinempembelelo ekuchumeni.

Ukuvuma ukugubungela ikhosi yamaxesha onyaka kuyo yomibini iminyaka yovavanyo. Amaxabiso aphezulu afunyenwe ngoFebruwari kunye neepesenti ezingama-97.2, amaxabiso aphantsi ngoSeptemba. Awona mazinga aphezulu okukhawula nawo aye alinganiselwa kwinyanga zasentlakohlaza zikaMatshi noAprili. Akukho naziphi na iimpembelelo zemozulu ezizinzileyo okanye ukuxhomekeka kwamaxesha onyaka okunokumiselwa kubungakanani benkunkuma kunye namazinga elahleko. Kwelinye icala, isilwanyana ngasinye kunye nemilinganiselo yenkunkuma (elungelelaniswe ukuya kumyinge welitha yesixhenxe) ibonise amaxabiso angcono kakhulu kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka.

Kwezi zifundo, kuphela izinga lokukhulelwa libonisa ukuxhomekeka okucacileyo kwiqondo lokushisa elizinzileyo; Ukuvuma ukuzala kunye nesilwanyana ngasinye kunye nobunzima benkunkuma bubonise umkhuba wonyaka.

UKarl Weissenberger ubhala kwincwadi yakhe ethi “Reproduction and Breeding Procedures in Rabbit Breeding” ukuba umfuyi ngamnye kufuneka acinge ngendlela anokuzisa ngayo iimeko zokukhanya ezibhetele kwizitali eziqhelekileyo ezimnyama ebusika. Kuyinzuzo ukwandisa iintsuku ezimfutshane zasebusika kunye nokukhanya okwaneleyo; ucebisa ngokwandiswa kosuku ukuya kwiiyure ezili-14.

Imivundla ikubona ukukhanya ngokwahlukileyo

Kodwa lumka! Ukukhanya akukokukhanya nje. Kuba umsinga wethu otshintshayo une-frequency ye-50 Hz, ukukhanya kwethu kukhanya ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwe-50 Hz ngomzuzwana. Thina bantu asikuboni oku kuqhwanyaza, kodwa imivundla, enemibono engcono kakhulu, ibona ukukhanya njengokudanyaza. Izibane ze-DC zingcono.

Ngaphezu kwezilwanyana, izityalo zixhomekeke ekukhanyeni okwaneleyo. Bayifuna ukuze bavelise ioksijini, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze kwakhiwe izondlo ezifunekayo ukuze zikhule. Ibizwa ngokuba yiphotosynthesis. Isebenza kwiiseli zezityalo ezine-chlorophyll, i-pigment yegqabi eliluhlaza. Ngobukho bokukhanya kwelanga, amanzi, kunye necarbon dioxide, iswekile yomdiliya (iglucose) kunye neoksijini ziyaveliswa. Le glucose inokuguqulwa ibe sistatshi.

I-photosynthesis ibalulekile ke ngoko ukuze kubekho ukutya okwaneleyo okukhoyo kwimfuyo yethu yonke imihla. Izazinzulu ezahlukeneyo zifuna ukucombulula umbuzo wamandla ngemigaqo efana naleyo yephotosynthesis. Izazinzulu ehlabathini lonke zenza uphando ngeeseli zelanga ezilinganisa iphotosynthesis yezityalo zize zivelise amafutha okwenziwa afana nehydrogen evela elangeni nasemanzini. Abaphandi be-Empa baye benza imodeli enjalo yeseli ye-photoelectrochemical kwiliso lenundu kwaye ngoko bandisa kakhulu isivuno sokukhanya (umthombo: ee-news, Juni 2014).

Ifotosynthesis ixhomekeke kwizinto ezinjengokukhanya, ubushushu, ukufuma, umoya omtsha one<em>carbon dioxide, namanzi aneleyo. Ngaphandle kokunye, ezi zinto zikwabalulekile ekufuyweni kwezilwanyana ngempumelelo; kuphela ukuba endaweni yecarbon dioxide kufuneka kubekho ioksijini eyaneleyo.

IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kutshanje ziye zabhengeza owama-2015 “njengoNyaka Wokukhanya Wezizwe Ngezizwe”; kwakhona ithuba lokujongana nesihloko sozinzo.