I-Beaver

IiBeaver ngabakhi bokwenyani bomhlaba: bakha iinqaba namadama, imijelo yamadama, kwaye bagawula imithi. Oku kudala indawo entsha yokuhlala yezityalo nezilwanyana.

iimpawu

Zikhangeleka njani iibhiva?

Ii<em>Beaver zezesibini iimpuku ezinkulu ehlabathini. Kuphela zii-capybara zaseMzantsi Melika eziba nkulu. Umzimba wabo ubhityile kwaye ubhityile kwaye ukhula ufikelele kwi-100 yeesentimitha ubude. Olona phawu luqhelekileyo lwebhava kukucandwa kwayo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16 yeesentimitha ububanzi, nomsila ongenaboya, ongama-28 ukuya kwi-38 yeesentimitha ubude. Ibhiva endala inobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-35. Iimazi zikholisa ukuba nkulu kancinci kuneenkunzi.

Uboya obungqingqwa be-beaver buyamangalisa: kwicala lesisu, kukho iinwele ezingama-23,000 kwisikwere sesentimitha solusu, ngasemva, kukho malunga ne-12,000 yeenwele kwi-square centimeter nganye. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ziinwele ezingama-300 kuphela kwisikwere sesentimitha ezikhula entloko yomntu. Obu boya bumdaka ngebala bugcina ii<em>beaver zifudumele yaye zomile kangangeeyure, kwanasemanzini. Ngenxa yoboya bazo obuxabisekileyo, ii<em>beaver zazizingelwa ngokungenalusini de zabhanga.

Iibeaver ziqhelene kakuhle kakhulu nokuphila emanzini: ngelixa iinyawo zangaphambili zinokubambelela njengezandla, iinzwane zeenyawo zangasemva zinentambo. Inzwane yesibini yeenyawo zangasemva inozipho oluphindwe kabini, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-claw yokucoca, esetyenziswa njengekama yokunyamekela uboya. Impumlo kunye neendlebe zinokuvaleka xa uqhuba, kwaye amehlo akhuselwe ngaphantsi kwamanzi yinkophe ecacileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-nictitating membrane.

Iincisors zebeaver nazo ziyamangalisa: Inomaleko we-enamel enombala o-orenji (le yinto eyenza amazinyo abe lukhuni), ifikelela kwi-3.5 yeesentimitha ubude, kwaye iyaqhubeka ikhula ubomi babo bonke.

Zihlala phi iibhiva?

I-beaver yaseYurophu inzalelwane yaseFransi, eNgilani, eJamani, eScandinavia, eMpuma Yurophu, naseRashiya ukuya kumantla eMongolia. Kweminye imimandla apho ii-beavers zatshatyalaliswayo, ngoku zibuyiselwe ngempumelelo, ngokomzekelo kwezinye iindawo eBavaria nase-Elbe.

Ii<em>Beaver zifuna amanzi: Zihlala phezu nakumanzi ahamba kancinci namileyo anobunzulu be-1.5 yeemitha ubunzulu. Zithanda ngokukhethekileyo imisinga namachibi angqongwe ngamahlathi asemazantsi apho kukhula khona umngcunube, ipoplar, iaspen, birch, nealder. Kubalulekile ukuba amanzi angomi kwaye angabi ngumkhenkce emhlabeni ebusika.

Zeziphi iindidi zeebhiva ezikhoyo?

Ukongeza kwi-beaver yethu yaseYurophu (i-Castor fiber), kukho i-beaver yaseCanada (iCastor canadensis) eMntla Melika. Namhlanje siyazi, nangona kunjalo, ukuba zombini ziluhlobo olunye kwaye azifani. Noko ke, i<em>beaver yaseKhanada inkulu kancinane kuneyaseYurophu, yaye uboya bayo bubomvu-mdaka ngombala.

Iba neminyaka emingaphi iibhiva?

Endle, ii<em>beaver ziphila iminyaka engama-20, xa zivalelwe, zinokuphila iminyaka engama-35.

Ziphathe

Ziphila njani iibhiva?

IiBeaver zihlala zihlala emanzini nakufutshane namanzi. Babhadaza emhlabeni, kodwa emanzini, bayakwazi ukuqubha kwaye bayantywila. Bangakwazi ukuhlala ngaphantsi kwamanzi ukuya kwimizuzu eyi-15. IiBeaver zihlala kwintsimi enye iminyaka emininzi. Baphawula imida yemimandla kunye nemfihlo ethile yeoli, i-castoreum. Iibhiva zizilwanyana zosapho: zihlala neqabane lazo kunye nabantwana bonyaka ophelileyo kunye nabancinci balo nyaka. Indawo yokuhlala ephambili yosapho lwe-beaver sisakhiwo:

Iquka umqolomba wokuhlala ngasemanzini, umnyango ophantsi kwamanzi. Ngaphakathi ifakwe izinto ezithambileyo zezityalo. Ukuba umlambo womlambo awuphezulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye umaleko womhlaba ngaphezu komqolomba wokuhlala uncinci kakhulu, badibanisa amasebe kunye namasebe, bedala induli, ebizwa ngokuba yi-beaver lodge.

Ibeaver lodge inokufikelela kwishumi leemitha ububanzi kunye neemitha ezimbini ukuphakama. Esi sakhiwo sigqunywe kakuhle kangangokuba nasebusika akukhe kube ngumkhenkce ngaphakathi. Noko ke, intsapho yeebhiva idla ngokuba nemingxuma emincinane eliqela kufutshane nomngxuma omkhulu, apho, ngokomzekelo, inkunzi kunye namantshontsho alo nyaka uphelileyo zirhoxa kamsinya nje zakuba zizelwe iintsana ezintsha.

Iibeaver zasebusuku zingabakhi abanobuchule: ukuba ubunzulu bamanzi echibini labo okanye umlambo buwela ngaphantsi kweesentimitha ezingama-50, baqala ukwakha amadama ukuze bawachithe amanzi kwakhona ukuze ukungena kwinqaba yabo kuphinde kufakwe emanzini kwaye kukhuselwe kwiintshaba. Kudonga lomhlaba namatye, akha amadama anobugocigoci nazinzileyo anamasebe neziqu zemithi.

Ziyakwazi ukuwisa iziqu zemithi ezinobubanzi obungange mitha enye. Ngobusuku obunye benza i-trunk kunye nobubanzi be-40 centimeters. Amadama adla ngokuba phakathi kweemitha ezintlanu ukuya kwezingama-30 ubude kwaye anyuke aye kwi-1.5 yeemitha ukuphakama. Kodwa kuthiwa bekukho amadama ee<em>beaver awayeziimitha ezingama-200 ubude.

Ngamanye amaxesha izizukulwana ezininzi zentsapho yeebhiva zakha amadama kwindawo yazo kwithuba leminyaka; bayayigcina kwaye bayandise. Ebusika, ii<em>beaver zidla ngokugqobhoza umngxuma edamini. Oku kukhupha amanzi kwaye kudala umaleko womoya phantsi komkhenkce. Oku kuvumela ii<em>beaver ukuba zidade emanzini ngaphantsi komkhenkce.

Ngomsebenzi wazo wokwakha, iibhiva ziqinisekisa ukuba inqanaba lamanzi kummandla wazo lihlala lingaguquguquki kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukongezelela, izikhukhula kunye nemigxobhozo zidalwe, apho izityalo ezininzi ezinqabileyo kunye nezilwanyana zifumana indawo yokuhlala. Xa ii<em>beaver ziwushiya ummandla wazo, amanzi ayatshona, umhlaba uyoma yaye izityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi ziyanyamalala kwakhona.