UMary Allen
I-International Basnight ibanjwa rhoqo ngonyaka ngo-Agasti. Ukutsalela ingqalelo kumalulwane, kukho iziganeko ezininzi ezibangel’ imincili eziphathelele abazingeli bezinambuzane abachulumancisayo. Mhlawumbi nakwindawo yakho?
iimpawu
Akhangeleka njani amalulwane?
Amalulwane zizilwanyana ezanyisayo kwaye kunye neempungutye ezibhabhayo ezisondeleleneyo, benza iqela lamalulwane. Asizozilwanyana ezanyisayo kuphela kodwa, kunye neentaka, kuphela kwezilwanyana ezinomqolo ezikwaziyo ukubhabha. Amalulwane anokwahluka ngobukhulu. Elona lulwane likhulu lilo laseOstreliya, eliziisentimitha ezili-14 ubude, linamaphiko ama-60 eesentimitha ubude, kwaye linobunzima obuziigram ezingama-200. Elona lincinane lilulwane elincinane lenyosi, eliziisentimitha ezi-3 kuphela kwaye linobunzima beegram ezimbini kuphela. Iimazi zidla ngokuba nkulu kancinane kuneenkunzi, kungenjalo, ezi zini zimbini zikhangeleka zifana.
Amalulwane anoboya obungqindilili obudla ngokuba nemibala emdaka, engwevu, okanye ephantse ibe mnyama. Isisu siqhele ukuba khaphukhaphu kunomva. Amalulwane awathandabuzi ngenxa yolusu lwawo lokubhabha, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-flight membrane, olusuka esihlahleni ukuya emaqatheni. Izikhumba nazo zolula phakathi kwezihlahla namagxa, phakathi kweminwe, naphakathi kwemilenze.
Imilenze yangaphambili yandisiwe kakhulu, kwaye iminwe emine yemilenze yangaphambili nayo yandisiwe kwaye inceda ukwelula ulusu lokubhabha. Ubhontsi wona mfutshane kwaye unozipho. Iinzwane ezintlanu zemilenze yangasemva zineenzipho. Ngale nto, izilwanyana ziyakwazi ukuzixhoma emasebeni okanye ematyeni xa ziphumle okanye zilele.
Iindidi zamalulwane ezohlukeneyo azifani nje ngobukhulu bazo kodwa zibonwa ngobuso bazo. Ezinye zineempumlo ezimile ngokukodwa okanye izinto ezikhethekileyo ezandisa izandi ze-ultrasonic ezikhutshwa zizilwanyana. Iindlebe ezikhulu kakhulu izilwanyana ezibamba ngazo amaza esandi nazo ziqhelekile.
Amalulwane angabona kuqala kumnyama namhlophe ngamehlo awo amancinci, kodwa amanye anokubona ukukhanya kwe-UV. Ezinye zineenwele ezizivayo emlonyeni.
Ahlala phi amalulwane?
Amalulwane anokufumaneka phantse kuwo onke amazwekazi asemhlabeni, ngaphandle kwaseAntarctica. Bahlala kwiindawo ezishushu ukuya kwimimandla epholileyo. Ezinye zazo, umzekelo, uhlobo lwelulwane olunendlebe yempuku, lolona luhlu luxhaphakileyo lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo.
Iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zamalulwane zihlala kwiindawo zokuhlala ezahluke kakhulu: Apha zifumaneka emahlathini, kodwa nakwiipaki nakwiigadi.
Zeziphi iindidi zamalulwane akhoyo?
Malunga nama-900 eentlobo zamalulwane ahlukeneyo anokufunyanwa kwihlabathi jikelele. Bohlulwe baba ziintsapho ezisixhenxe. Ezi ziquka amalulwane ahamba ngehashe, amalulwane anempumlo egudileyo, namalulwane anomsila okhululekileyo. Kukho malunga nama-40 eentlobo zamalulwane eYurophu kwaye malunga nama-30 kuMbindi Yurophu. Ezona ntlobo zaziwayo apha ziquka ilulwane eliqhelekileyo le-noctule, ilulwane elikhulu elinqabileyo kakhulu, ilulwane elinendlebe yempuku, kunye nepipistrelle eqhelekileyo.
Amalulwane aneminyaka emingaphi?
Amalulwane anokukhula ngokumangalisayo, aphile iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30.
Ziphathe
Aphila njani amalulwane?
Amalulwane ahamba ebusuku kwaye asebenzisa i-echolocation ukuhamba ebumnyameni. Zikhupha amaza e-ultrasonic abonakalisa izinto kunye namaxhoba afana nezinambuzane. Amalulwane ayawubona lo msindo aze ngaloo ndlela akwazi ukubona kanye apho into ikhoyo, ikude kangakanani kwanokwakheka kwayo. Ngokomzekelo, banokubona indlela esihamba ngokukhawuleza ngayo isilwanyana esizingelayo nokuba sibhabhela kweliphi icala.
Ukongezelela kwi-echolocation, amalulwane aphinda asebenzise imagnethi yawo: Ayakwazi ukubona imigca yemagnethi yomhlaba aze ayisebenzise ukuze alungelelanise uhambo olude, olufana neentaka ezifudukayo.
Ezinye iintlobo zamalulwane akapheleli nje ekubhabha kodwa ayakwazi ukubhabha ngokumangalisayo nasemhlabeni. Iqaqobana liyakwazi nokuqubha linyukele emoyeni lisuka emanzini. Iindidi ezininzi zamalulwane ngoozingeli abanobuchule, ababamba amaxhoba awo, njengezinambuzane, xa ebhabha.
Amalulwane achitha imini ephumle kwaye elele kwiindawo zawo ezizimele. Ezi zisenokuba yimithi okanye imiqolomba yamatye, ii-attics, okanye amabhodlo. Apho badla ngokugobana ngokusondelelana.
Apha eYurophu, zisebenza kakhulu kwixesha elifudumeleyo kwaye xa ikwindla ifika zikhangela iindawo zokuhlala zasebusika ezikhuselekileyo, umzekelo, umqolomba, apho zilala khona kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi.
Abahlobo kunye neentshaba zelulwane
Amalulwane ikakhulu ngamaxhoba ezilwanyana ezizingelayo ezifana neekati neemartens, kwakunye neentaka ezitya inyama nezikhova. Kodwa amalulwane asongelwa kakhulu ngabantu kuba atshabalalisa iindawo ahlala kuzo.
Azala njani amalulwane?
Uninzi lweentlobo zamalulwane zizala amantshontsho kanye ngonyaka. Njengesiqhelo kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo, zizalwa ziphila. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imazi iba nomntwana omnye kuphela.
EYurophu, ukukhwelana ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwiindawo zokuhlala zasebusika. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula kolutsha kubambezeleka ixesha elide kwaye ezi zizalwa kamva kakhulu kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo. Iimazi zidla ngokwenza amaqela emiqolombeni kwaye zizalele amantshontsho azo apho. Abancinci bancanciswa ngoomama. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, amalulwane amancinci azimele.
Anxibelelana njani amalulwane?
Amalulwane asebenzisa iminxeba emininzi ukunxibelelana nabanye. Nangona kunjalo, kuba ezi fowuni zikuluhlu lwe-ultrasonic, asinakuva.
Care
Atya ntoni amalulwane?
Iindidi zamalulwane ezahlukeneyo zondla ngokwahlukileyo: ezinye zitya izinambuzane, ezinye zitya nezilwanyana ezinomqolo ezincinane ezifana neempuku okanye iintaka ezincinci kunye namasele neentlanzi. Ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana, ezihlala kwimimandla etshisayo, zitya kakhulu iziqhamo okanye incindi. Zintathu kuphela iindidi ezitya igazi lezinye izilwanyana ngokuzikrwela ngamazinyo nokufunxa igazi lazo.