Mary Allen
Introduction: What are Earwigs?
Earwigs are small, flat insects that belong to the order Dermaptera. They are commonly found in gardens, under rocks, logs, and other damp, dark places. Earwigs are characterized by their elongated, flattened bodies, and pincer-like cerci at the end of their abdomen. These insects have a reputation for being pests in the garden, but they also play a role in the ecosystem as decomposers.
The Origins of the Name “Earwig”
The origin of the name “earwig” is a little bit of a mystery. One theory is that it comes from the Old English word “ēare-wicga,” which means “ear wiggler.” This name may have been given to the insect because of a superstition that earwigs crawl into people’s ears while they sleep. Another theory is that “earwig” comes from the Middle English word “erwig,” which means “ear beetle.” This name may have been given to the insect because of its shape, which resembles a beetle’s.
The Earwig’s Appearance and Behavior
Earwigs are small, usually less than an inch long, with elongated, flattened bodies. They have two pairs of wings, but only the hind wings are used for flight. Earwigs are nocturnal and are most active at night. During the day, they hide in damp, dark places. Earwigs are omnivores and eat a variety of things, including other insects, plants, and decaying organic matter. They are also known for their pincer-like cerci, which they use for defense and to capture prey.
Historical References to Earwigs
Earwigs have been known to humans for a long time. Some of the earliest references to earwigs come from ancient Greece, where they were called “ear cutters.” In the Middle Ages, earwigs were associated with witchcraft and were believed to be witches’ familiars. In the 17th century, earwigs were used in medicine to treat earaches, and in the 18th century, they were used as a remedy for toothaches.
Folklore and Superstitions surrounding Earwigs
Earwigs have been the subject of many superstitions and folk beliefs throughout history. One of the most persistent beliefs is that earwigs crawl into people’s ears while they sleep. This belief is probably related to the fact that earwigs are nocturnal and often hide in dark, warm places during the day. Other superstitions include the belief that earwigs are a sign of death or that they bring bad luck.
Earwigs in Literature and Art
Earwigs have made appearances in literature and art throughout history. In Shakespeare’s play “Love’s Labour’s Lost,” one of the characters says, “I am not a slut, though I thank the gods I am foul,” and compares herself to an earwig. In Lewis Carroll’s “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland,” the Duchess has an earwig in her soup. In art, earwigs have been depicted in paintings, prints, and sculptures, often as part of still life compositions.
The Earwig’s Role in the Ecosystem
Earwigs play an important role in the ecosystem as decomposers. They feed on decaying organic matter, helping to break it down and return nutrients to the soil. Earwigs also eat other insects, which helps to control their populations. In addition, earwigs are an important food source for birds and other animals.
Earwigs as Pests: Do They Really Crawl in Ears?
Despite the popular belief that earwigs crawl into people’s ears, there is no evidence to suggest that this actually happens. Earwigs are not interested in human ears and are unlikely to crawl into them. However, earwigs can be pests in the garden, where they can damage plants and vegetables.
How Earwigs Reproduce and Develop
Earwigs reproduce sexually, with males and females mating to produce offspring. After mating, the female lays eggs, which hatch into nymphs. The nymphs go through several stages of development before becoming adults. Earwigs can live for up to a year and go through one or two generations per year.
The Distribution of Earwigs Worldwide
Earwigs are found throughout the world, with the highest diversity in the tropics. There are over 2,000 species of earwigs, with the majority found in the Americas and Eurasia. Earwigs are most diverse in the tropics, but they can be found in a variety of habitats, including deserts, forests, and grasslands.
Earwig Species and Classification
Earwigs belong to the order Dermaptera, which includes about 2,000 species. The order is divided into two suborders, the Forficulina and the Hemimerina. The Forficulina are the true earwigs, while the Hemimerina are a group of parasites that live on rats and other rodents.
Conclusion: The Fascinating World of Earwigs
Earwigs are small insects with a fascinating history and biology. Despite their reputation as pests and the many superstitions surrounding them, earwigs play an important role in the ecosystem and have been the subject of art and literature for centuries. Understanding more about earwigs can help us appreciate these fascinating creatures and the important role they play in the world around us.