What is Oral Melanoma in Dogs?

Oral melanoma is a type of cancer that affects the cells that produce pigment in a dog’s mouth. It is a malignant tumor that can spread to other parts of the body, making it a serious health concern for dogs. Oral melanoma is most commonly found in older dogs, with the average age of diagnosis being 10 years old. It can occur in any breed of dog, but certain breeds, such as the Chow Chow and the Scottish Terrier, are more predisposed to developing this type of cancer.

How Common is Oral Melanoma in Dogs?

Oral melanoma is the most common type of oral tumor in dogs, with an estimated 30% of all oral tumors being melanomas. It is more common in dogs than in cats, and is more frequently diagnosed in male dogs than in female dogs. The incidence of oral melanoma in dogs is higher in certain breeds, such as the Chow Chow and the Scottish Terrier, where it is estimated to occur in up to 50% of cases.

What Causes Oral Melanoma in Dogs?

The exact cause of oral melanoma in dogs is not fully understood, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation, such as from prolonged exposure to sunlight, has been implicated in the development of melanoma in humans, but it is not clear if this is a risk factor for dogs. Some studies suggest that certain chemicals, such as those found in tobacco smoke, may increase the risk of oral melanoma in dogs. Genetics also play a role, as certain breeds are more predisposed to developing this type of cancer.