Mary Allen
Ka sebele ba bangata ba lōna ba kile ba ipotsa: lesea le moriri o molelele le ka tsoaloa joang ha batsoali ba le moriri o mokhutšoanyane? Hona ke hobane'ng ha likatse tse ngata tsa tortoiseshell e le basali?
Bakeng sa kutloisiso e nepahetseng, mantsoe a mang a liphatsa tsa lefutso a tlameha ho hlalosoa ka bokhutšoanyane esale pele. Sele ke motheo oa lintho tsohle tse phelang. Likatse, joaloka batho, li na le linomoro tse se nang palo, ’me sele ka ’ngoe e na le mosebetsi o itseng oo e lokelang ho o etsa. Sele ka 'ngoe e na le boitsebiso bo feletseng ba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa sebōpuoa se phelang. Boitsebiso bona bo ngotsoe le ho bolokoa ho seo ho thoeng ke li-chromosome. Likatse li na le li-chromosome tse 38 ka sele; 19 ho ntate oa hae le 19 ho 'm'ae. 18 ea li-chromosome tsa bo-ntate li tšoana haholo le tse 18 tsa li-chromosome tsa bakhachane - tsena li bitsoa autosomes. Tse ling tse peli, li-gonosome, ke li-chromosome tse etsang thobalano. Basali ba na le li-chromosome tse peli tsa X (XX), ha banna ba na le Y le X chromosome e le 'ngoe (XY). Liphatsa tsa lefutso li teng ka har'a li-chromosome. E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona e na le sebaka se tsitsitseng ho chromosome. Liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fapaneng tsa li-chromosome tsa 'mè le tsa ntate li bitsoa alleles. Haeba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsena tse hanyetsanang li tšoana hantle, joale motho o bua ka homozygosity. Haeba, ka lehlakoreng le leng, liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fapaneng li fapane, joale puo ke ea heterozygous dispositions. Liphatsa tsohle tsa lefutso hammoho li bitsoa genotype mme li khetholla motho ka mong. Seo u qetellang u se bona, ke hore, 'mala oa seaparo, mohlala, le bolelele ba moriri, se bitsoa phenotype.
Moriri o Motelele oa Boea Leha ho na le Batsoali ba Moriri o Mokhutšoane
Liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ling li atile ebile li atile ho phenotype khahlano le seo ho thoeng ke liphatsa tsa lefutso tse recessive. A re nke mohlala oa bolelele ba likatse: seaparo se sekhutšoane se futsitsoe ka ho fetisisa, ha seaparo se selelele se fetoha. Bakeng sa ho nolofatsa, liphatsa tsa lefutso tse hlaheletseng li tšoantšetsoa ka tlhaku e kholo le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse nang le litlhaku tse nyenyane. Tabeng ena, liphatsa tsa lefutso tse lumellanang le seaparo se sekhutšoanyane ke "L" le hore bakeng sa seaparo se selelele ke "l". Ho na le menyetla e 3, eo genotype e ka bang le eona bakeng sa bolelele ba seaparo: "LL" (homogeneous; seaparo se sekhutšoanyane), "ll" (homogeneous; seaparo se selelele), kapa "Ll" (hybrid; seaparo se sekhutšoanyane). Haeba katse 'mè le ntate oa katse ba na le bolelele ba seaparo sa heterozygous ("Ll"), katse e moriri o molelele ("ll") e ka tsoaloa. Hobaneng? Katse e nyane e fumana phatsa ea lefutso ho 'm'a eona le e' ngoe ho ntate oa eona. Haeba e fumana "l" e nyenyane ka makhetlo a mabeli, joale genotype ea hau e shebahala tjena: "ll". Ena ke mofuta oa genotype oa seaparo se selelele sa phenotype.
X Chromosome e Etsa Hore Katse e be Mebala
Ho batla ho fapane ha ho tluoa tabeng ea lefa la 'mala oa seaparo. Ho na le mebala e 'meli feela ea motheo ka likatse, eo mebala e meng eohle ea mebala e hlahang ka tšusumetso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ling: tse ntšo le tse khubelu. Liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ikarabellang bakeng sa mebala ena ha li holim'a "autosome" joalo ka gene bakeng sa bolelele ba boea empa li ho chromosome ea thobalano. Ka ho khetheha, ho X chromosome. Leha ho le joalo, chromosome e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea X e ka nka tlhahisoleseding e le 'ngoe feela ea mebala. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, chromosome ea Y ha e na 'mala. Phello ke hore mebala ena e 'meli ea mebala e futsitsoe ka mokhoa o amanang le bong. Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, mosali o na le li-chromosome tse peli tsa X (XX). Ho itšetlehile ka hore na katse e na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa homozygous kapa tse tsoakiloeng, ke 'mala o le mong kapa mebala e' meli (tortoiseshell). Likatse tse tona, tse tsejoang hore li na le X chromosome e le 'ngoe feela, hangata li na le monochromatic. X chromosome ea bona e na le tlhahisoleseling ea 'mala o "khubelu" kapa bakeng sa' mala o motšo. Haeba katse ea tortoiseshell e tsoaloa, ka mor'a tsohle, sena se bakoa ke karohano e fosahetseng ea lisele tsa likokoana-hloko (sele ea lehe kapa sperm cell) ea batsoali. Ho e-na le chromosome ea X e le ’ngoe feela, ’mè o fetisetsa li-chromosome tsa X katse ea hae. Kapa ntate o fetisetsa li-gonosome tsa hae tse peli ho bana ba hae ho e-na le ho fetisetsa e le 'ngoe ea tsona. Ka hona, tomcat e na le li-genotypes tse latelang: "XXY". Haeba e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea li-chromosome tse peli tsa X e boetse e na le lintlha tse fapaneng tsa mebala, e tona ea tortoiseshell ke sephetho.