Hawk

Liphakoe ke litsomi tse phethahetseng: Ka mokhoa oa tsona o khethehileng oa ho fofa, li tsoma linonyana tse ling moeeng kapa li tsoma liphofu fatše.

litsobotsi

Li-hawk li shebahala joang?

Phakoe ke linonyana tse jang nama. Li na le hlooho e batlang e le nyenyane, mahlo a maholo, le molomo o hoketsoeng ke linonyana tse jang nama. Mmele wa yona o mosesane, mapheo a matelele le a nchocho, le mohatla wa yona o mokgutshwane. Menoana e maotong a tsona e melelele ebile e matla, e li lumella ho tšoara phofu ea tsona ka boqhetseke. Tse tšehali tsa liphakoe hangata li kholo ho feta tse tona. Tsena li boetse li bitsoa "Terzel", e tsoang ho Selatine "tertium", e bolelang "boraro".

Ka mohlala, phakoe ea Amerika ke e 'ngoe ea liphakoe tse nyenyane ka ho fetisisa. E bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 20 ho isa ho tse 28 feela 'me e boima ba ligrama tse 100 ho isa ho tse 200 feela. Mapheo a eona a bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 50 ho isa ho tse 60. Li-kestrel tse tona li na le mokokotlo o bofubelu bo bofubelu le mapheo a boputsoa bo boputsoa a qetellang ka botšo. Mpa e bobebe ebile e matheba. Kepisi e hloohong e boputsoa bo boputsoa. Phakoe oa Amerika o na le mela e meraro e metšo hloohong. Tse tšehali li na le mapheo a mafubelu a mafome le lihlopha tse 'maloa tse ntšo mohatleng, ha tse tona li na le sehlopha se le seng feela se setšo.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, falcon ea saker ke e 'ngoe ea liphakoe tse kholo ka ho fetisisa. Ke ea liphakoe tse tsomang 'me ke nonyana e mokopane, e matla. Tse tona le tse tšehali tsa phakoe ea saker li batla li tšoana ka hona li batla li sa khethollehe ho tse ling. Lehlakore le ka hodimo la mmele le na le mmala o sootho o lefifi, mohatla o sootho ha bobebe ka hodimo. Hlooho le mpa le tsona di na le mmala o bobebe ho feta mmele. Lehlakore le ka hodimo la mmele le ntshofetse mme le tlamilwe ho feta bokatlase ba mmele.

Lephakoe la saker le bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 46 ho isa ho tse 58 'me le bolelele ba mapheo a lisenthimithara tse 104 ho isa ho tse 129. Mapheo a yona a matelele a bile a supa, empa a pharaletse ho feta mohlala, B. phakoe wa peregrine. Sehlora se tona se boima ba ligrama tse 700 ho isa ho tse 900 feela, ha tse tšehali tsona li boima ba ligrama tse 1000 ho isa ho tse 1300. Maoto - a boetse a bitsoa fangs - a mosehla ho liphoofolo tse kholo le a maputsoa ho tse nyenyane. Liphakoe tsa Saker li ka ferekanngoa le liphakoe tsa bacha empa li na le hlooho e 'mala o bobebe.

E 'ngoe ea liphakoe tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tse hlahetseng ho rona ke phakoe ea peregrine. E tona e boima ba ligrama tse 580-720, e tšehali ho fihlela ho 1090 dikgerama. Mokokotlo oa hae o boputsoa letlapa. Molala le hlooho li na le 'mala o motšo-grey. Ho na le mola o motšo oa litelu 'metsong o mosehla le lerameng le lesoeu. Mapheo a malelele haholo. Mohatla wona o mokgutshwane haholo.

Li-hawk li lula hokae?

Mefuta e fapaneng ea phakoe e ajoa lefatšeng ka bophara. Li-hawk tsa Amerika li teng ho pholletsa le Amerika Leboea le Boroa. Leha ho le joalo, ho boleloa hore liphoofolo ka bomong li bile li khelohile ho ea Europe. Liphakoe tsa Saker li fumaneha haholo ho tloha Europe Bochabela ho ea leboea ho China le India. Li ka fumanoa Turkey selemo ho pota. Li boetse li fallela libakeng tse ka leboea ho Black Sea ho ea Ukraine ho ea tsoalla. Europe Bohareng, li ka fumanoa feela merung ea Danube ea Austria. Ho tloha bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1990, leha ho le joalo, lipara tse 'maloa tsa ho ikatisa li boetse li bonoa Lithabeng tsa Elbe Sandstone tse Saxony.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, globetrotter ea sebele ke falcon ea peregrine: e ka fumanoa k'honthinenteng e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe lefatšeng. Liphakoe li lula libakeng tse sa tšoaneng. Li-hawk tsa Amerika li ka ikamahanya le libaka tse ngata tse fapaneng: li ka fumanoa lirapeng tsa boikhathollo hammoho le masimo, merung, le ho tloha lehoatateng ho ea lithabeng tse phahameng.

Liphakoe tsa Saker li lula haholo merung le lithabeng tse omeletseng le mahoatateng. Li ka fumaneha ho fihla ho limithara tse 1300 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle. Liphakoe tsa Saker li hloka libaka tse kholo tsa ho tsoma tse nang le sebaka se bulehileng. Liphakoe tsa Peregrine le tsona li rata libaka tse bulehileng joalo ka likhohlo tsa linōka le li-steppes. Ba boetse ba lula litora tsa likereke metseng e meholo ho tsoala. Habohlokoa, sebaka sa bolulo ke lehae la linonyana tse ngata tse sebeletsang e le phofu ea phakoe.

Ho na le mefuta efe ea liphakoe?

Ho na le mefuta e ka bang 60 ea phakoe lefatšeng ka bophara. Har'a tse tsebahalang haholo ke phakoe ea peregrine, kestrel, phakoe ea sefate, merlin, phakoe e nyenyane, phakoe e maoto a mafubelu, Lanner falcon, Eleonora's falcon le gyrfalcon. Liphakoe tsa lehoatata le liphakoe tsa Barbary Afrika Leboea ke litsomi tse hloahloa haholo. Phakoe oa lehoatata o lula ka Boroa-bophirima ho USA le Mexico.

Ho na le mefuta e tšeletseng e fapaneng ea phakoe ea saker ka boeona. Ho na le mefuta e ka bang 20 ea li-kestrel, tse tsoaletsoeng Amerika ho tloha Alaska ka leboea ho ea Tierra del Fuego ka boroa. Li-subspecies tsena li ka ba mebala e fapaneng haholo.

Itšoare hantle

Li-hawk li phela joang?

Li-hawk tsa Amerika ke litsomi tse hloahloa haholo. Ka mohlala, li rata ho lalla liphofu litseleng, moo li lutseng holim'a lifate kapa lipalo. Liphakoe tsa Saker ke litsomi tse mabifi le lifofa tse matjato. Hangata li koatisa liphofu tsa tsona ka tlhaselo e makatsang ea lehalima.

Kaha ke litsomi tse hloahloa, liphakoe tse thapisitsoeng li ntse li atisa ho koetlisetsoa Asia kajeno bakeng sa seo ho thoeng ke litsomi kapa liphakoe. U ka ba ua phutha liphoofolo ho fihlela boholo ba mmutla. Phakoe ea saker hangata e bitsoa "Saker" ka liphakoe.

Mokhoa oa khale oa ho tsoma oa falconry o ne o sebelisoa pele ke batho ba bo-hloma-u-hlomole mahoatateng a Asia, 'me o ne o atile Chaena le Japane hoo e ka bang ka 400 BC. O ne a ratoa ka ho khetheha lekhotleng la Genghis Khan. Falconry e ile ea tla Europe le Huns. Naheng ea habo rona e ne e boloketsoe bahlomphehi.

Falconry e boetse e bitsoa ho tsoma. Lentsoe "Beiz" le tsoa ho "ho loma". Hobane li-hawk li bolaea phofu ea tsona ka ho loma molaleng. Ho hloka mamello e ngata ho koetlisa phakoe ho tsoma, hobane linonyana tse jang nama, ho kenyelletsa le phakoe, li thata haholo ho li thapisa. Kaha nonyana eo qalong e lula holim’a letsoho la setsomi ha e tsoma, ntho ea pele eo e lokelang ho e etsa ke ho tloaela ho lula letsohong le khutsitse.

Ho etsa sena, e tlameha ho tsamaisoa lihora tse 'maloa ka letsatsi. Ho phaella moo, liphakoe li tlameha ho lahleheloa ke tšabo ea tsona bakeng sa lintja tse tsamaeang le ho tsoma. Boitšoaro ba tlhaho ba linonyana bo sebelisoa hampe nakong ea ho tsoma liphakoe: liphakoe li khona ho bona hantle hole le ho bona liphofu li le hole.

E le hore nonyana ena e se ke ea khathatseha, e roala se bitsoang sefepi sa phakoe ha e tsoma hafeela e lutse holim’a letsoho la phakoe. Sekoti se tlosoa feela ha se lokela ho otla phofu. Ntho ea pele eo phakoe e e bonang ke phofu. E fofa letsohong la phakoe ebe e bolaea phofu. Linonyana li koetlisetsoa ho tšoara phofu ea tsona ebe li lula le eona ho fihlela litsomi le lintja li atamela.

E le hore e khone ho fumana phakoe hantle, e roala litloloko maotong. Haeba phakoe e fosa phofu ea eona, e khutlela ho phakoe. Ka mokhoa ona oa ho tsoma, batho le linonyana ba rua molemo ho tse ling: batho ba ka tsoma liphoofolo tseo ho neng ho ka ba thata ho li bolaea, 'me phakoe e fumana lijo ho batho.

Tse tšehali li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ho tsoma li-hawking hobane li kholoanyane ebile li matla ho feta tse tona. Ka liphakoe tsa saker le liphakoe tse ling, li-pheasants, li-partridge, maeba, matata, matata, likhantsi, li-herons, magpies le makhoaba li tsongoa haholo.

Ho ba falconer ke mosebetsi oa sebele, 'me haeba u batla ho tsoma le li-falcon, u tlameha ho etsa koetliso e khethehileng: ha u hloke lengolo la ho tsoma feela, empa hape le lengolo la ho tsoma ha falconry. Ka tsela: kajeno ho sebelisoa liphakoe tse tsomang mohlala B. hape li sebelisoa boemafofaneng ho leleka linonyana tse ka bang kotsi ho lifofane tse qalang ha li ka kena lienjineng tsa tsona.

Metsoalle le lira tsa phakoe

Kaha ke li-hawk tse hloahloa haholo ebile li matla haholo, li na le lira tse fokolang. Hangata, mahe kapa liphoofotsoana li ka hlaseloa ke linokoane tse kang makhoaba - empa hangata li lebeloa hantle ke batsoali. Ka linako tse ling ho etsahala hore, le hoja ho thibetsoe ka thata, batho ba utsoa li-hawk tse nyenyane lihlaheng ho li koetlisetsa ho tsoma.