Mary Allen
Mawu Oyamba: Njovu Ndi Makutu Ake
Njovu ndi imodzi mwa nyama zodziwika komanso zokondedwa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amadziwika ndi kukula kwawo kwakukulu, mitengo ikuluikulu, komanso makutu awo akuluakulu. Makutu a njovu ali mbali yosiyanitsa ya zolengedwa zazikuluzikuluzi, ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamoyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona momwe njovu zaku Africa ndi India zimakhalira, momwe makutu awo amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe njovu ili ndi makutu akulu kwambiri.
Makhalidwe Athupi a Njovu za ku Africa ndi India
Njovu za ku Africa ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri zapamtunda, zolemera makilogalamu 14,000 ndipo zimatalika mamita 13 pamapewa. Ali ndi minyanga yosiyana yomwe imatha kukula mpaka mamita 10, ndipo khungu lawo ndi lotuwa komanso lopindika. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, njovu za ku India n’zazing’ono, zolemera makilogalamu 11,000 ndipo zimatalika mpaka mamita 9.8 paphewa. Ali ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono komanso kumbuyo kozungulira kuposa anzawo aku Africa. Njovu za ku India zili ndi khungu lotuwa motuwira, koma zili ndi timadontho ta pinki pamitengo ndi m’makutu mwazo kuposa njovu za ku Africa.
Kufunika Kwa Makutu a Njovu
Makutu a njovu amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa nyamazi. Zimathandiza kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi, kulankhulana ndi njovu zina, ndi kuteteza kwa adani. Makutu a njovu amakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri ya magazi yomwe imathandiza kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi mwa kutulutsa kutentha nyama ikakhala yotentha komanso kuteteza kutentha kukakhala kozizira. Dera lalikulu la makutu limalola kusinthana kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Kuwonjezera apo, njovu zimagwiritsa ntchito makutu awo kulankhulana ndi njovu zina paulendo wautali. Amatha kukupiza makutu awo kuti apange phokoso lamphamvu, lotsika kwambiri lomwe limayenda mumlengalenga ndipo limamveka ndi njovu zina pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi. Pomaliza, makutu a njovu angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chida chodzitetezera powamenya mwamphamvu kuopseza adani kapena kuwazunguliza kuti tizilombo tisapite.
The Anatomy of Elephant Ears
Makutu a njovu amapangidwa ndi khungu lopyapyala lotambasulidwa pamwamba pa chichereŵechereŵe, minofu, ndi mitsempha ya magazi. Khungu kunja kwa khutu ndi lopyapyala ndipo lili ndi maukonde a mitsempha pafupi pamwamba. Mitsemphayi imathandiza kuziziritsa magazi oyenda m’khutu, amene amaziziritsa thupi la njovu. Chichereŵechereŵe m'khutu chimapanga dongosolo ndikuthandizira khutu kukhalabe ndi mawonekedwe ake. Minofu ya m’khutu imalola njovu kusuntha makutu ake paokha, zomwe n’zofunika kwambiri kuti tizilankhulana komanso kuti tizilombo tisapite.
Ntchito ya Makutu a Njovu
Monga tanenera kale, makutu a njovu amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri powongolera kutentha kwa thupi, kulankhulana, ndi kudziteteza ku zilombo zolusa. Njovu za ku Africa zimakhala ndi ntchito yowonjezera makutu awo. Amagwiritsa ntchito makutu awo ngati chizindikiro polankhulana ndi njovu zina. Njovu ya ku Africa ikachita mantha kapena kusangalala, imakupiza makutu mobwerezabwereza kuti isonyeze kwa njovu zina kuti chinachake chikuchitika. Khalidwe limeneli n’losiyana ndi la njovu za ku Africa ndipo sizimawonedwa ndi njovu za ku India.
Makutu a Njovu ku Africa: Kukula ndi Mawonekedwe
Njovu za ku Africa zimakhala ndi makutu akuluakulu, ooneka ngati fan omwe ali otambasuka pansi kuposa pamwamba. Makutu amatha kutalika mpaka 6 mapazi ndikulemera mpaka mapaundi 100 lililonse. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a makutu a njovu ku Africa ndi oyenera chilengedwe chawo. Njovu za ku Africa zimakhala m’malo otentha, ouma kumene kutentha kumafika pa 120 digiri Fahrenheit. Makutu akuluakulu, opyapyala amapereka malo okwera kwambiri kuti azitha kutentha, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nyamazo zizitha kuyendetsa bwino kutentha kwa thupi lawo.
Makutu a Njovu ku India: Kukula ndi Mawonekedwe
Njovu za ku India zili ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira omwe sali ngati makutu a njovu ku Africa. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazifupi kuposa makutu a njovu ku Africa, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 5 mapazi. Makutu a njovu aku India nawonso ndi owonda ndipo ali ndi makwinya ochepa kuposa makutu a njovu ku Africa. Kukula kwakung'ono ndi mawonekedwe a makutu a njovu aku India ndi oyenera malo awo. Njovu za ku India zimakhala m’malo ofunda kwambiri kuposa njovu za ku Africa, ndipo makutu awo safunikira kuziziritsa kutentha kwambiri.
Kuyerekeza kwa African Elephant Ears
Makutu a njovu a ku Africa ndi ku India amasiyana kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi ntchito. Makutu a njovu ku Africa ndi aakulu, ooneka ngati fani, ndipo oyenerera bwino kuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi m’malo otentha, ouma. Makutu a njovu aku India ndi ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira, komanso oyenerera bwino nyengo yofunda. Mitundu yonse iwiri ya makutu a njovu ndi yofunika kwambiri polankhulana ndi kudziteteza ku zilombo.
Ndi Njovu Iti Ili Ndi Makutu Aakulu Kwambiri?
Njovu za ku Africa zimakhala ndi makutu akuluakulu kuposa mtundu uliwonse wa njovu. Makutu awo amatha kutalika mamita 6, ndipo amatha kulemera mapaundi 100 lililonse. Makutu a njovu aku India ndi ang'onoang'ono, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 5 mapazi. Kukula kwa makutu a njovu ku Africa mwina ndi chifukwa cha malo otentha, owuma momwe zimakhalira, zomwe zimafuna kusinthanitsa kutentha kwachangu.
Zomwe Zimakhudza Kukula kwa Khutu la Njovu
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze kukula kwa makutu a njovu, kuphatikizapo chilengedwe, chibadwa, ndi zaka. Monga tanenera kale, makutu a njovu ku Africa ndi aakulu kuposa makutu a njovu aku India, mwina chifukwa cha malo okhala. Genetics ingathandizenso kukula kwa makutu, njovu zina zimakhala ndi makutu akuluakulu kapena ang'onoang'ono kuposa ena. Pomaliza, makutu a njovu amatha kukula akamakula, njovu zazikulu zimakhala ndi makutu akulu kuposa a njovu zazing'ono.
Kutsiliza: Kufunika kwa Kukula kwa Khutu la Njovu
Makutu a njovu ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya nyama zokongolazi, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi, kulankhulana, ndi chitetezo kwa adani. Njovu za ku Africa zimakhala ndi makutu akuluakulu kuposa mtundu uliwonse wa njovu, mwina chifukwa cha malo omwe amakhala. Makutu a njovu aku India ndi ang'onoang'ono, koma ofunikirabe pamoyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kumvetsa mmene makutu a njovu amagwirira ntchito komanso mmene makutu a njovu amagwirira ntchito kungatithandize kuti tiziyamikira kwambiri zolengedwa zodabwitsazi.
Maumboni ndi Kuwerenga Mowonjezereka
- African Elephant (Loxodonta africana). (ndi). Zabwezedwa kuchokera https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/a/african-elephant/
- Indian Elephant (Elephas maximus). (ndi). Kuchokera ku https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/i/indian-elephant/
- McComb, K., & Semple, S. (2005). Kusinthika kwa kulumikizana kwa mawu ndi chikhalidwe cha anyani. Zilembo Zachilengedwe, 1(4), 381-385.
- Sukumar, R. (2003). Njovu Zamoyo: Evolutionary Ecology, Behaviour, and Conservation. Oxford University Press.