Kodi Mphaka Njoka ndi Chiyani?

Mau oyamba a Mphaka Njoka

Njoka ya Mphaka, yomwe mwasayansi imadziwika kuti Boiga, ndi mtundu wa njoka zam'mimba zopanda poizoni zomwe zimapezeka kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Gulu la njokazi ndi la banja la Colubridae, lomwe limaphatikizapo zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Amphaka a njoka amadziwika ndi matupi awoonda komanso mitu yawo yayitali. Amakhala makamaka arboreal, amathera nthawi yawo yambiri m'mitengo, ndipo amapezeka m'madera otentha komanso otentha.

Maonekedwe Athupi a Mphaka Njoka

Njoka zamphaka zimadziwika mosavuta ndi matupi awo aang'ono, omwe amatha kukula mpaka mamita awiri. Ali ndi michira yayitali yomwe imawathandiza kuti asamayende bwino akamakwera mitengo. Mitu yawo ndi yotalikirapo, yokhala ndi maso akulu okhala ndi ana oyima, zomwe zimawapatsa maso abwino kwambiri usiku. Mamba pa matupi awo ndi osalala, kuwalola kuyenda mofulumira m’mitengo popanda chopinga chirichonse. Amakhalanso ndi gawo lapadera lotchedwa "makelo a keeled," omwe amapereka mphamvu yowonjezera pamene akukwera.

Malo okhala ndi Kugawa kwa Mphaka Njoka

Njoka zamphaka zimapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo nkhalango zamvula, udzu, ngakhale m'mizinda. Amapezeka kwambiri ku Southeast Asia, Australia, ndi madera ena a Africa. Njoka zimenezi zimakonda kukhala m’mitengo, mmene zimasaka nyama mosavuta n’kumapewa nyama zolusa. Ngakhale kuti ndi arboreal, amathanso kupezeka pansi nthawi zina, makamaka nthawi yokweretsa.

Kadyedwe ndi Kudyetsedwa kwa Mphaka Njoka

Njoka zamphaka ndi alenje ausiku, omwe amadya nyama zosiyanasiyana zazing'ono, mbalame, abuluzi, ndi achule. Ali ndi njira yapadera yosaka nyama komwe amadikirira moleza mtima panthambi zamitengo kuti nyama zawo zidutse. Chandamalecho chikafika patali kwambiri, amachiwombera mwamphamvu komanso molondola kwambiri. Mphaka Njoka ndi constrictors, kutanthauza kuti amazungulira matupi awo mozungulira nyama yawo kuti azizimitse asanameze yonse.

Kuberekana ndi Moyo wa Mphaka wa Njoka

Njoka zamphaka ndi oviparous, kutanthauza kuti zimaikira mazira kuti ziberekane. Ikakwerana bwino, yaikazi imapeza malo abwino, monga ngati mtengo wadzenje kapena dzenje, kuti iikire mazira. Kuchuluka kwa mazira kumatha kuchoka pa 6 mpaka 20, kutengera mitundu. Mazirawa amawasiya osawasamalira, ndipo amaswa pakatha miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Anawo sakhala paokha kuyambira kubadwa ndipo amayenera kudzisamalira okha.

Makhalidwe ndi Maonekedwe a Anthu a Njoka zamphaka

Njoka zamphaka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhala paokha, zimakonda kukhala ndikusaka zokha. Amadziwika chifukwa cha kulimba mtima komanso luso lokwera, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwambiri okhala m'mitengo. Amakhala osinthika kwambiri ndipo amatha kusintha machitidwe awo ndi njira zosaka nyama potengera chilengedwe chawo komanso zinthu zomwe zilipo. Njoka zamphaka nthawi zambiri sizikhala zaukali ndipo zimaluma pokhapokha ngati zikuwopsezedwa kapena kutsekeredwa pakona.

Zolusa ndi Zowopsa kwa Mphaka Njoka

Ngakhale Njoka zamphaka zilibe adani ambiri achilengedwe chifukwa cha moyo wawo wamba komanso kubisala, akadali pachiwopsezo chowopseza zosiyanasiyana. Mbalame zodya nyama, njoka zazikulu, ndi nyama zina zoyamwitsa nthawi zina zimatha kulusa. Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndi kukula kwa mizinda ndizoopsa kwambiri pa moyo wawo. Kuphatikiza apo, kugulitsa ziweto mosaloledwa ndi kuzunzidwa kwa anthu kumawonjezera chiopsezo kwa anthu awo.

Mkhalidwe Wosamalira Njoka Za Amphaka

Mkhalidwe wotetezedwa wa Njoka zamphaka zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa mitundu. Zamoyo zina zimatchulidwa kuti ndizosadetsa nkhawa kwambiri, pamene zina zimatchulidwa kuti ndizowopsa kapena zowonongeka. Kuwonongeka kwa malo awo achilengedwe komanso kusonkhanitsidwa kosakhazikika kwa malonda a ziweto ndizomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwawo. Ntchito zoteteza zachilengedwe zimayang'ana kwambiri kuteteza malo awo okhala, kudziwitsa anthu za kufunikira kwawo, ndikuwongolera malonda a ziweto kuti zitsimikizike kuti zikuyenda bwino.

Zopeka ndi Zolakwika Zokhudza Mphaka Njoka

Pali zopeka zingapo ndi malingaliro olakwika ozungulira Cat Snakes. Lingaliro limodzi lolakwika lodziwika bwino ndi lakuti ali ndi poizoni. Komabe, Njoka zamphaka sizikhala ndi poizoni ndipo siziopseza anthu mwachindunji. Chikhulupiriro china n’choti n’zaukali ndipo n’choopsa kwa anthu. Kunena zoona, Njoka zamphaka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofatsa ndipo zimaluma pokhapokha ngati zikuwopsezedwa. Kuphunzitsa anthu za malingaliro olakwikawa ndikofunikira kuti athetse mantha ndikulimbikitsa kuteteza kwawo.

Kuyanjana pakati pa Njoka za Mphaka ndi Anthu

Njoka zamphaka zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa nyama zing'onozing'ono, mbalame, ndi zokwawa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chilengedwe chisamawonongeke. Komabe, chifukwa cha kufanana kwawo ndi njoka zaululu ndi kusazindikira kwa anthu, kaŵirikaŵiri anthu samazimvetsetsa ndi kuphedwa mosafunikira. Kukumana ndi Njoka ya Mphaka kuthengo kuyenera kukumana mosamala ndi ulemu, kulola njokayo kuti ipitirize khalidwe lake lachilengedwe popanda kusokonezedwa ndi anthu.

Momwe Mungadziwire ndi Kusiyanitsa Njoka Zamphaka

Kuzindikira ndi kusiyanitsa Njoka za Mphaka ku mitundu ina ya njoka zingatheke poyang'ana maonekedwe awo. Njoka zamphaka zili ndi matupi owonda, mitu yayitali, ndi maso omwe ali ndi ana oyima. Amakhala ndi masikelo osalala ndipo amakhala ndi masikelo a keeled, omwe amapereka mphamvu yowonjezera. Ngakhale mitundu yawo imatha kusiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri imawoneka ndi mawanga akuda kapena mikwingwirima pamunsi wopepuka. Podziwa zinthu zosiyanitsa izi, munthu amatha kuzindikira molondola ndikusiyanitsa Njoka zamphaka.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yotsatirayi imadziwika kuti ndiyovomerezeka.^[2]

• Boiga andamanensis (Wall, 1909) - Andaman mphaka njoka
• Bonga angulata (W. Peters, 1861) - njoka yamphaka ya Leyte
• Boga barnesii (Gunther, 1869) - njoka yamphaka ya Barnes
• Boiga beddomei (Wall, 1909) - Njoka yamphaka ya Beddome
• Werengani zambiri Orlov, Kudryavtzev, Ryabov & Shumakov, 2003
• Mtengo wa bourreti tillack, Ziegler & Le Khac Quyet, 2004
• Boiga ceylonensis (Günther, 1858) - njoka yamphaka ya Sri Lanka
• Zovuta (AMC Dumeril, Bibron & AHA Dumeril, 1854) - njoka yamphaka wobiriwira
• Bonga cynodon (F. Boie, 1827) - njoka yamphaka yokhala ndi mano agalu
• Mtundu wa dendrophila (F. Boie, 1827) - njoka yamphaka yagolide, njoka ya mangrove
  • Boiga dendrophila annectens (Boulenger, 1896)
  • Boiga dendrophila dendrophila (F. Boie, 1827)
  • Boiga dendrophila divergens Taylor, 1922
  • Boiga dendrophila gemmicincta (AMC Duméril, Bibron & AHA Duméril, 1854)
  • Boiga dendrophila latifasciata (Boulenger, 1896)
  • Boiga dendrophila Levitoni Gaulke, Demegillo & G. Vogel, 2005
  • Boiga dendrophila multicincta (Boulenger, 1896)
  • Boiga dendrophila occidentalis Brongersma, 1934
• Mmodzi (Boulenger, 1894) - Pirmad cat njoka
  • Boiga fightoni whitakeri Ganesh, Malik, Achyuthan, Shanker & G. Vogel, 2021 - Mphaka wa njoka ya Whitaker
• Bonga drapiezii (H. Boie mu F. Boie, 1827) - njoka yamphaka yoyera
• Boga flaviviridis G. Vogel & Ganesha, 2013
• Boiga forsteni (AMC Duméril, Bibron & AHA Duméril, 1854) - njoka yamphaka ya Forsten
• Khalani oleza mtima (Gray, 1835) - njoka yamtengo wa arrowback
• Matenda a guangxiensis Wan, 1998
• Bonga hoseli Ramadhan, ikandar & Subasri, 2010
• Boiga irregularis (Merrem, 1802) - njoka yamtengo wofiirira
• Mtundu wa jaspidea (AMC Duméril, Bibron & AHA Duméril, 1854) - njoka yamphaka ya jasper
• Werengani zambiri (Stejneger, 1902) - njoka yamphaka ya Kelung
• Boma la melanota (Boulenger, 1896)
• Boga multifasciata (Blyth, 1861) - njoka yamphaka yamagulu ambiri
• Boiga multomaculata (F. Boie, 1827) - njoka yamphaka yokhala ndi mawanga ambiri
• Boiga nigriceps (Günther, 1863) - njoka yamphaka yamutu wakuda
• Boiga nuchalis (Günther, 1875) - njoka yamphaka
• Boiga ochracea (Günther, 1868) - njoka yamphaka
• Boiga philippina (W. Peters, 1867) - njoka yamphaka ya ku Philippines
• Boiga quincunciata (Wall, 1908)
• Boiga ranawanei (Samarawickrama, Samarawickrama, Wijesena, & Orlov, 2005) - njoka yamphaka ya Ranawana
• Boiga saengsomi Nutphand, 1985 - njoka yamphaka yomangidwa
• Boiga schultzei Taylor, 1923 Ndi Schultze njoka yamtundu wamutu
• Zosavuta (Nutphand, 1971) - imvi mphaka njoka
• Khalani oleza mtima Orlov & Ryabov, 2002
• Boiga thanckerayi Giri, Deepak, Kapitala, Pawar & Tillack, 2019 - njoka yamphaka ya Thackeray
• Boga trigonata (Schneider, 1802) - njoka ya gamma yaku India
  • Boiga trigonata trigonata (Schneider, 1802)
  • Boiga trigonata melanocephala (Annandale, 1904)
• Bonga wallachi Das, 1998 - Nicobar mphaka njoka
• Boiga westermanni Reinhardt, 1863 - njoka ya ku India yodya dzira

Zindikirani bwino: A ulamuliro wa binomial m'makolo akuwonetsa kuti zamoyozo zidafotokozedwa mumtundu wina osati Boiga.

Kufotokozera[Sinthani]

Mphaka ndi njoka zazitali za mitu ikuluikulu komanso zazikulu maso. Iwo amasiyana kwambiri chitsanzo ndi mtundu. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi zomangira, koma zina zimakhala zamawanga ndipo zina zimakhala zolimba. Mitundu imakhala bwino chakuda, bulaunikapena wobiriwira ndi woyera or yellow zomveka