Mary Allen
Kulakwitsa pakuweta ndi kudyetsa kumayambitsa matenda omwe angapewedwe mu abuluzi aku Australia. Kumbali ina, maphunziro ndi chithandizo chamankhwala zimathandiza.
Pamodzi ndi akamba aku Europe, ankhandwe a ndevu ndi ena mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya zokwawa zomwe zimasungidwa ngati ziweto ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa ngati odwala. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kukudziwitsani za mitundu ya nyama komanso za matenda ndi machiritso a abuluzi aku Australia.
Biology
Mwa mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya chinjoka cha ndevu zomwe zafotokozedwa pano, chinjoka chamizeremizere (Pogona vitticeps) ndipo - makamaka kawirikawiri - chinjoka cha ndevu zazing'ono ndizofunika pa malonda ku Europe. Mitundu yonse iwiriyi imapezeka m'chigawo chapakati cha Australia, dera lomwe limadziwika ndi chilimwe chotentha, chowuma komanso kutentha kwapakati pa 30 ndi 40 °C komanso nyengo yozizira komanso yamvula yozizira komanso kutentha kwapakati pa 10 ndi 20 °C.
Nyamazo ndi za omnivorous ndipo zimatha kuwonedwa ngati mbadwa za zikhalidwe. Malo achilengedwe amakhala ndi masamba olimba komanso amitengo, zomwe ndizomwe zimapangidwira m'mimba ya nyama. Mano okhala ngati tsamba la endodontic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuluma ndipo matumbo akulu otchulidwa amakhala ngati chipinda choyatsira chakudya cha cellulose. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Ooncx et al. (2015), momwe zam'mimba za nyama zakutchire zidachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chapamimba ndikuwunikidwa. Izi zinachitika nthawi yokwerera chiswe, kotero kuti m'mimba muli chiswe chambiri cha mapiko. Komabe, masamba omwe ali m'mimba anali oposa 40 peresenti. Ngati wina alingalira za kuuluka kwakufupi kwa chiswe ndipo ngati munthu ayang'ana mozama za momwe sampuli yotsuka m'mimba imagwirira ntchito, tingaganize kuti gawo la zomera muzakudya ndilokwera kwambiri. Izi zikugwirizana ndi umboni wa matenda ena okhudzana ndi zakudya m'magulu a ndevu omwe amadyetsedwa mbali imodzi.
Makhalidwe
Ankhandwe a ndevu aamuna amakhala okha komanso ozungulira. Yaimuna yomwe imakonda kulamulira imakonda kupita pamalo pomwe ili padzuwa, zomwe zimawopseza nyama zina. Ngati malire agawo aphwanyidwa, mwiniwake wagawo poyamba amawopseza ndi kugwedeza mutu mosamala. Kenako dera la mmero (ndevu) limadzitukumula, limakhala mdima ndipo kugwedeza kumakula. Pokhapokha pamene izi zinyalanyazidwa pamene ndewu imayamba.
Mkhalidwe
Oweta ndi ogulitsa amalangiza kusunga mwamuna mmodzi ndi akazi awiri kapena kuposerapo ndikudyetsa ndi tizilombo tochuluka. Kuchokera pakuwona kwa veterinarian, zonsezi ziyenera kuwonedwa mozama kwambiri. Moyenera, ziweto ziyenera kusungidwa payokha ndikuloledwa pamodzi panthawi yokweretsa. Kukweretsa dzira ndi kuikira dzira kungaoneke ngati kulimbikitsa khalidwe ndipo, motsutsana ndi maziko a kutulutsa dzira kochititsa chidwi, komanso ngati njira yodzitetezera pa zomwe zimatchedwa kuti pre-ovulatory laying vuto. Komabe, kuswa mazira kuyenera kufunsidwa mozama, chifukwa msika wadzaza ndi nyama zamphongo makamaka.
Ngakhale anjoka a ndevu zazing'ono ndizosavuta kusunga pa 120 × 60 × 60 cm, ankhandwe amizeremizere amafunikira malo okulirapo kuwirikiza kawiri.
Ngati nyama zingapo - mosasamala kanthu za amuna angapo - zimasungidwa palimodzi, terrarium iyenera kukhala ndi pulani yapansi yokhala ndi malo osachepera 2 × 2 m. Ndi mapangidwe olemera komanso kupereka mawanga angapo a dzuwa, nyama zimatha kupewana. Makamaka m'malo opapatiza, mwamuna wamkulu amakhala pakatikati, pamalo okwera ndikugogomezera nyama zina. Nthawi zambiri imachita izi pogona pamwamba pa nyama zina, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatanthauzidwa kuti "kukumbatirana" ndi eni ake osadziwa koma sizili mbali ya machitidwe amtundu wosakhala wa anthu.
Mukasungidwa payekhapayekha, terrarium sayenera kuchepera 0.5 m2 m'dera. Malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito amatha kuwonjezeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wokwera komanso mapiri osiyanasiyana. Kutentha kosiyanasiyana, kuwala, ndi chinyezi ziyenera kupangidwa mu terrarium. Monga lamulo, izi zimatheka ndi acentric, nyali ya dzuwa kwambiri ndi malo obisala kumapeto ena a terrarium. Izi zimapanga malo owala, otentha (pafupifupi 40 °C) ndi malo owuma padzuwa. Pobisala, kutentha kuyenera kukhala pansi pa 30 ° C, zomwe zimawonjezera chinyezi pamenepo. Pewani malo amvula kapena madambo.
Popeza ma dragons a ndevu amaphimba zofunikira zawo za vitamini D3 kudzera mu kaphatikizidwe kawo, ma radiation a UV-B amafunikira. Ma evaporator ophatikizika a mercury atsimikizira kufunika kwawo pano.
Mukayika nyali izi, samalani kuti palibe galasi lagalasi pakati pa gwero la kuwala ndi nyama kuti zisefe cheza cha UV, ngakhale mtunda wocheperako uyenera kuwonedwa mosamalitsa. Nyali nthawi zambiri zimapachikidwa m'munsi kuti zitheke kutentha kwambiri m'dera la basking, zomwe zingayambitse zotupa pakhungu.
Gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala loyenera kukumba koma limamwedwanso ndi nyama. M'malo mosakaniza mchenga kapena dongo, zinthu zomwe zimagayika mosavuta monga nthaka kapena ulusi wa kokonati ndizoyenera kupewa kudzimbidwa.
Kudyetsa
Ngakhale ankhandwe a ndevu, monga nyama zapamwamba za m'chipululu, sizimamwa kawirikawiri ndipo ngati madzi owonjezera akusowa ndi chakudya choyenera chobiriwira, madzi abwino ayenera kupezeka kwa zinyama. Zikafika pazakudya, zakudya zobiriwira zokhala ndi fiber zambiri (zitsamba zamasamba, letesi, zopanda zipatso!) ndizofunikira kwambiri. Chakudya chomwe chachapidwa kale sichiyenera kudulidwa mzidutswa ting'onoting'ono koma chiperekedwe chathunthu kuti ziweto zikhale zotanganidwa. Kuluma kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa tartar ndipo kumakhala kosavuta ngati chakudyacho chili chotetezedwa pochimanga ku nthambi. Ngakhale kuti ana ang'onoang'ono amatha kudyetsedwa ndi tizilombo tochuluka komanso amafunikira pakukula, ziweto ziyenera kudyetsedwa zamasamba kuyambira chaka chimodzi. Ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kuyatsa kwabwino kwa UV, palibe chifukwa chowonjezera mavitamini ndi mchere. Zipolopolo za Cuttlebone zingaperekedwe mu terrarium kuti zipereke calcium kwa akazi ogona. Ngati kukonzekera kwa vitamini kukugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchulukitsa kwa vitamini D3 kuyenera kupewedwa kuti tipewe kuwerengetsa kwa ziwalo.
Kutetezedwa
Ankhandwe ambiri a ndevu amapeza kaimbidwe kawo kakugona ndipo satengera kwambiri kutentha ndi kupepuka kwa eni ake. Nthawi zambiri nyama zimaperekedwa zomwe zimachoka kale mu Ogasiti kapena zikufunabe kugona mu Marichi ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.
Popeza palibe kusiyana pakati pa nyama zodwala kuchokera kunja, m'pofunika kufufuza momwe magazi amapangidwira. Panyengo ya hibernation, nyama ziyenera kusungidwa pamalo opanda phokoso pa 16 mpaka 18 °C popanda kuyatsa kochita kupanga. Madzi akumwa ndi zomera zodyetserako ziweto (monga Golliwog) zikhalepo ngati ziweto zitasokoneza nthawi yopuma.
Kusamalira ankhandwe a ndevu
Ankhandwe a ndevu ndi amtendere. Komabe, zikhadabo zawo zakuthwa zimatha kuyambitsa mikanda ngati nyama ikuyesera kuthawa padzanja. Ankhandwe a ndevu samenya anthu mwachangu. Komabe, muyenera kusamala kuti musalowetse zala zanu pakati pa nsagwada zanu, makamaka ndi zolowetsa pakamwa. Nyamazo zili ndi nsagwada zamphamvu zotsekeka ndipo zili ndi mano osongoka bwino, amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula zomera zolimba za m’chipululu.
Kufufuza kwachipatala
Pochiyezetsa kuchipatala, chinjoka chandevu chimakhala kudzanja lamanzere lamanzere la anthu akumanja. Ndi dzanja lamanja, mchira umayikidwa koyamba pakona ya 90 ° kuti uzitha kuyesa munsi mwa mchira. Pamalo awa, ma hemipene awiri aamuna amakhala odziwika, ngakhale achichepere ongobadwa kumene. Chigawo cha cloacal chimawunikidwa kuti chiwonongeke. Ndiye dzanja lamanja palpates coelomic patsekeke (osati monyinyirika kwambiri) kuchokera cranial kuti caudal. Ndi chidziwitso chochepa, kuwonjezeka kwa circumference, gasi buildup, ndi cong, funso likhoza kumveka mosavuta. Kenako amawunikidwa pamphuno yapakamwa.
Matenda ofala
Matenda a ankhandwe a ndevu ndi osiyanasiyana ndipo amakhudza mitundu yonse yamankhwala azinyama. Komabe, zovuta zina za matenda zimachitika pafupipafupi.
pamlingo
Kusadyetsedwa kokwanira kumalimbikitsa kupanga tartar. Izi zingayambitse matenda aakulu a nsagwada. Choncho, nyama ayenera kuunika nthawi zonse, ndipo ngati n`koyenera, chithandizo pansi opaleshoni adakali siteji.
gastritis / chibayo
Kuchuluka kwa ntchofu m'kamwa kumabweretsa zizindikiro zazikulu za kupuma ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatanthauzidwa ngati chibayo. Komabe, ntchofuyo imathanso kukhala chifukwa cha gastritis yomwe imayambitsa nkhawa, zomwe sizachilendo ndipo sizingachiritsidwe ndi maantibayotiki. Kumbali ina, majeremusi omwe ndi ovuta kuzindikira a hematogenous amatha kulowa m'mapapo ndikuyambitsa chibayo chapamwamba chomwe chimakhala chovuta kuchiza. Moyenera, kulima majeremusi ndi mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi zinthu zochokera m'mapapo (transthoracic pulmoscope yosonkhanitsa zitsanzo), zomwe zimakhala zodula pochita. Ma tracheal swabs ndi sitepe yolondola.
parasitism
Kuyezetsa ndowe nthawi zonse ndi zina mwa njira zomveka zotetezera. Oxyurids amapezeka kwambiri pa zokwawa nthawi zambiri. Popeza ali ndi kakulidwe kachindunji ndipo ndi owopsa ku thanzi ngati atakhudzidwa, ayenera kuthandizidwa nthawi zonse. Tsoka ilo, palibe mgwirizano pakati pa infestation density ndi kutuluka kwa dzira. Kuchotsa mu terrarium ndizovuta ngati sizingatheke.
Chithandizo cha coccidia ndizovuta. Izi zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa nyama zazikulu, chifukwa zimatha kuwononga khoma lamatumbo ndikuyambitsa matenda a hematogenous mu ziwalo zina (chiwindi, mapapo, mtima, ndi zina). Ma flagellates amtundu wa trichomonad amapezekanso pafupipafupi Ayenera kuthandizidwa kuti asagayidwe bwino. Bile duct coccidia sapezeka kawirikawiri. Onse chithandizo ndi kuwongolera bwino ndizovuta.
kudzimbidwa
Si zachilendo kuti nyama ziyese kubwezera kusowa kwa mchere mwa kutenga mchenga ndi magawo ena. Kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri komanso kuchuluka kwake, kudzimbidwa kwakukulu ndiko chifukwa. Kuchiza kumayandikira ndi infusions (Ringer's solution, 10-20 ml/kg), kudya kwa fiber, kunjenjemera, ns, ndi enemas sizothandiza nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina kukonza opaleshoni sikungalephereke. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a parafini kuyenera kukhala kwachikale.
kugona mwadzidzidzi
Akapolo a ndevu akasungidwa m'magulu osakanikirana, kukakamiza kugonana kwa akazi kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Zizindikiro za kuperewera zimawonekera pasanathe kagawo kachitatu motsatizana ndipo nkhokwe za kashiamu sizikukwanira kuyambitsa kuyala. A mawonekedwe apadera ndi preovulatory kuyika vuto. Apa ndi pamene ovarian follicular stasis zimachitika. Ngakhale kuti vuto lachikale logona likhoza kuthetsedwa ndi calcium zowonjezera (10-100 mg / kg) ndi oxytocin (4 IU / kg), kuchitidwa opaleshoni mwamsanga kumafunika kuti follicular stasis. Popeza milandu yonse idayambika ndi gawo lalitali la vitellogenesis (yolk mapangidwe), pali mafuta ambiri m'chiwindi. Izi zitha kusokoneza kwambiri metabolism ya anesthetics.
bile stasis
Mapuloteni a calcium okhudzana ndi zakudya mu ndulu ndi zofala mu dragons za ndevu. Izi poyamba zimakhala za rubbery ndipo kenako zimawuma kupyolera mu calcification. Kuzindikira kwachiyembekezo kungapangidwe mwa kupalasa ndulu yotsekedwa ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi ultrasound. ndulu iyenera kutsegulidwa mwapang'onopang'ono kuti ichotse.
nephropathy
Kuwadyetsa ndi zakudya zokhala ndi mapuloteni kwambiri (tizilombo tomwe timadya), zomwe zimakonda kwambiri alonda ndi amalonda, posakhalitsa zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa impso. Mitundu yonse yodziwika ya gout imachitika. Choncho, uric acid ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse, makamaka pa ziweto zazikulu. Upangiri woyambirira wopatsa thanzi uli ndi phindu lalikulu kwambiri la prophylactic.
kuluma kuvulala
Popeza nkhandwe zandevu sizigwirizana, nthawi zambiri zimavulala zikalumidwa, makamaka zikalera limodzi ana. Zala ndi nsonga ya mchira zimakhudzidwa makamaka. Ngakhale zala zambiri zimadulidwa ndi kulumidwa, necrosis yowuma yokwera mchira imakhala yofala pamchira. Necrosis iyi imakwera mpaka kuwonongeka kwa magazi kupita kumchira, komwe nthawi zambiri sikudziwika. Malingana ngati necrosis yauma, kudula kuyenera kupewedwa, chifukwa necrosis idzapitirizabe kukwera ngakhale atadulidwa opaleshoni mu minofu yomwe amati ndi yofunika kwambiri.
Mu nyama zazikulu, kulumidwa kuvulazidwa makamaka kawirikawiri ngati mating kuluma pakhosi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachiritsa popanda zovuta, pokhapokha ngati pali kulumidwa kwina m'dera lovulala. Choncho ndikofunikira kusunga amuna ndi akazi okha nthawi zina.
Jekeseni, kutulutsa magazi
Kufunika kwa dongosolo la mitsempha ya impso-portal mu zokwawa sikunafufuzidwe mokwanira. Komabe, mawuwa ndikuchita subcutaneous ndi intramuscular ntchito kokha kutsogolo kwachitatu kwa thupi. Ntchito mu mnofu ikuchitika mu dorsal minofu ya kumtunda mikono kufanana ndi humers. Khungu lofewa m'dera la armpit ndiloyenera kugwiritsa ntchito subcutaneous. Magazi amatengedwa ndi kuperekedwa kudzera m`mitsempha kuchokera ventral mchira mtsempha. Mu nyama zamphongo, magazi sayenera kutengedwa pafupi kwambiri ndi cloaca kuti asawononge ziwalo zoberekera ndi zida zawo.
General opaleshoni
Mfundo zochitira opaleshoni yoyenerera zimagwiranso ntchito kwa zokwawa. Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala oletsa kukomoka kwa nkhandwe zandevu kutengera zomwe zikuwonetsa, matenda am'mbuyomu, komanso momwe alili. Kutentha kozungulira kumathandizanso kwambiri: kokha pa kutentha komwe kumakonda, komwe kumatchedwa POTZ (zone yabwino kwambiri yotentha), yomwe njovu za ndevu zimakhala pakati pa 30 ° C ndi 40 ° C. zabodza, kagayidwe kachakudya kamagwira ntchito bwino ndipo mlingo womwe wawonetsedwa ukuwonetsa zotsatira zake. Njira imodzi yotheka imayamba ndi jakisoni wosakanikirana wa ketamine (10 mg/kg) ndi medetomidine (100 µg/kg) SC. Pambuyo pa mphindi 20, chinyamacho chiyenera kulowetsedwa ndipo anesthesia ikhoza kusungidwa ndi isoflurane (oxygen monga mpweya wonyamulira).
Kutsiliza
Ankhandwe a ndevu ndi ovuta kwambiri pa zosowa zawo zachipatala monga nyama ina iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, nkhaniyi imangopereka ndondomeko yovuta ya chisamaliro cha Chowona.
Funso Lofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi ankhandwe a ndevu ndi oyenera oyamba kumene?
Ndi zimbalangondo ziti zandevu zomwe zili zoyenera kwa oyamba kumene? Oyamba kumene ayenera kusankha chinjoka cha ndevu zazing'ono (Pogona henry lawson) ndi chinjoka chandevu (Pogona vitticeps).
Kodi muyenera kusunga ankhandwe angati?
Kodi muyenera kusunga bwanji nkhanu zandevu? Ankhandwe a ndevu amakhala okha. Kuwasunga okha mu terrarium kotero ndi koyenera kwa mitundu. Ngati mukufuna gulu la ankhandwe a ndevu, muyenera kungosunga mwamuna m'modzi m'malo ogona.
Ndi nyama ziti zomwe mungasunge ndi nkhandwe zandevu?
Kwenikweni, abuluzi a ndevu amatha kucheza ndi abuluzi ena. Komabe, tikulangiza motsutsana ndi izi. Malo otsetsereka amayenera kukhala aakulu kwambiri ndipo kuopsa komwe nyama zimayenera kuvutika ndi kwakukulu kwambiri. Choncho, munthu ayenera kupewa mayesero oterowo.
Kodi chinjoka chandevu chimafuna kutentha kotani?
Ngati pali mavuto ndi kusungunula, malo okhala, makamaka chinyezi ndi mavitamini / mchere, ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa. Zofuna za kamangidwe ka nyengo: Kutentha kwa nthaka kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 26 ndi 28°C ndi kutenthetsa kwapafupi kufika 45°C. Usiku kutentha kumatsika mpaka 20 mpaka 23°C.
Kodi chinjoka chandevu chimafunika kugona mpaka liti?
Komabe, ofufuzawo adapezanso zosiyana: kugona kwa abuluzi, mwachitsanzo, kumakhala kokhazikika komanso kwachangu: pa kutentha kwa madigiri 27 Celsius, kugona kumakhala pafupifupi masekondi 80 okha. Mosiyana ndi izi, zimatha pafupifupi mphindi 30 mwa amphaka komanso pafupifupi mphindi 60 mpaka 90 mwa anthu.
Kodi nkhandwe zandevu zingadye zipatso ziti?
Zipatso zovomerezeka za nkhandwe za ndevu ndi maapulo, mango, ndi sitiroberi. Nkhaka, tomato, tsabola, ndi blueberries. Muyenera kukhala kutali ndi zipatso za citrus ndi zipatso zina zomwe zili ndi asidi wambiri.
Kodi mungatenge nkhandwe zandevu m'manja mwanu?
Nyamazo zimangolekerera kukhudzidwa chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chodekha. Koma kwenikweni, ankhandwe a ndevu amakhala m'malo awo okhala, omwe ndi terrarium pankhaniyi. Ayenera kutumizidwa kunja kokha kuti akacheze ndi owona zanyama kapena kuyika mpanda wakunja.
Kodi chinjoka chandevu chingaluma?
Ankhandwe a ndevu amatha kuluma chifukwa ali ndi mano. Mwayi woti chinjoka chandevu chikuluma ndi wochepa kwambiri chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwawa zodekha ndipo ndizozolowera kuchita ndi anthu kuyambira kubadwa.
Kodi chinjoka chandevu chimawononga ndalama zingati kuchisamalira?
Ngakhale mtengo wa mbale yamadzi, gawo lapansi, kapena thermometer imatha kukwera mwachangu. Poyamba, muyenera kukonzekera ma euro 400.