Mary Allen
Tundra yanki ne da aka fi samunsa a arewa mai nisa. Suna wanzu a cikin yankin yanayin sanyi. A arewa ya ta'allaka ne da iyakacin duniya yankin. Lokacin bazara a nan yana ɗaukar watanni ɗaya zuwa uku kawai kuma baya samun dumi sosai. Lokacin sanyi daidai yake da tsayi da sanyi sosai. Ƙasa kullum tana daskarewa, don haka ya zama permafrost. Yawan dusar ƙanƙara ba su da yawa sosai. Har ila yau, akwai wasu yankunan Tundra a kudancin hemisphere da kuma cikin Himalayas.
Ana kiran yankin arewacin tundra "tundra na iyakacin duniya". Yankin kudancin tundra ana kiransa "tundra gandun daji". Yana iyaka da taiga. Bishiyoyi irin su spruce, larch, da Birch har yanzu suna girma a cikin gandun daji tundra, amma bishiyoyin ba su kusa da juna. A tsakanin shuka mosses, lichens, iri-iri na ciyawa, heather, da sauran tsire-tsire masu yawa.
Wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa wani lokaci suna zuwa daga taiga zuwa gandun daji-tundra: reindeer, moose, wolf, lynx, bears brown, foxes, hares, da martens, waɗanda suka haɗa da otters da wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa. Polar bears, musk bijimai, arctic foxes, arctic wolves, arctic hares, arctic hares na arctic hares suna zaune a cikin tundra na iyakacin duniya. Haka kuma akwai tsuntsaye da kwari da yawa, amma babu amphibians da dabbobi masu rarrafe.
A cikin tundra, har yanzu akwai ƴan ƙabila. Wasu daga cikin wadannan mutane suna rayuwa kamar da, wasu sun fi rayuwa zamani da motoci, bindigogi, da sauran abubuwa. A cikin tundra na Turai da Asiya, yawancinsu suna rayuwa a matsayin makiyaya, galibi suna kiyaye barewa. Eskimos a Arewacin Amurka da Greenland suna rayuwa galibi daga farautar dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, watau Whales da sauransu.
A yau tundra na cikin hatsari. Wasu mutane suna ƙara yawan barewa, wanda ke haifar da kiwo, don haka tsire-tsire ba za su iya girma sosai ba. Hatsari na biyu yana cikin albarkatun ma'adinai da mutane ke son hakowa, musamman mai da iskar gas. Hatsari na uku shine gurbacewar iska. Tsire-tsire suna mutuwa a sakamakon haka kuma hannun jari ba zai iya farfadowa ba. A ƙarshe, saboda sauyin yanayi, tundra yana ɗumama fiye da sauran wurare. Don haka taiga za ta kara fadada arewa kuma ta kawar da tundra.