Mary Allen
Dabbobi masu rarrafe nau'in dabbobi ne waɗanda galibi suna rayuwa a ƙasa. Daga cikinsu akwai kadangaru, kada, macizai, da kunkuru. Kunkuru na ruwa da macizai ne kawai ke rayuwa a cikin tekun.
A tarihi, ana ɗaukar dabbobi masu rarrafe ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi biyar na kashin baya saboda suna da kashin baya a bayansu. Koyaya, wannan ra'ayi wani ɗan lokaci ya wuce. A yau, masana kimiyya suna kiran dabbobi kawai waɗanda ke da kusan kamanni masu zuwa:
Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da busasshiyar fata ba tare da gamsai ba. Wannan ya bambanta su da masu amphibians. Haka kuma ba su da gashin fuka-fukai ko gashi wanda ke bambanta su da tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Suna kuma numfashi da huhu daya, don haka ba kifi ba ne.
Yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da wutsiya da ƙafafu huɗu. Ba kamar dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, duk da haka, ƙafafu ba a ƙarƙashin jiki ba ne, amma a waje a bangarorin biyu. Irin wannan locomotion ana kiransa gait yadawa.
Fatar su tana da kariya tare da ma'aunin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan, wanda wani lokaci ma ya zama harsashi na gaske. Duk da haka, saboda waɗannan ma'aunin ba sa girma tare da su, yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe suna zubar da fata daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Wato sun zubar da tsohuwar fata. Wannan sananne ne musamman daga macizai. Kunkuru kuwa, suna ajiye harsashi. Ya girma tare da ku.
Ta yaya dabbobi masu rarrafe ke rayuwa?
Ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna cin abinci akan kwari, katantanwa, da tsutsotsi. Manya-manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma suna cin ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kifi, tsuntsaye, ko masu amphibians. Yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma suna cin tsire-tsire. Masu cin ganyayyaki masu tsabta suna da wuya sosai. Ɗaya daga cikin su shine iguana.
Dabbobi masu rarrafe ba su da takamaiman zafin jiki. Suna dacewa da yanayin. Ana kiransa "dumi". Maciji, alal misali, yana da zafin jiki mafi girma bayan yawan wankan rana fiye da bayan dare mai sanyi. Sa'an nan ta iya matsawa da muni.
Yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe suna haifuwa ta hanyar sanya ƙwai. Wasu 'yan jinsuna ne kawai ke haifar da samari. Ƙwai na crocodiles ne kawai da yawancin kunkuru suna da ɗanɗano mai ƙyalƙyali na lemun tsami kamar qwai na tsuntsaye. Sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe suna yin ƙwai masu laushi. Waɗannan sau da yawa suna tunawa da fata mai ƙarfi ko fatun.
Wadanne gabobin ciki ne dabbobi masu rarrafe suke da su?
Narkewar dabbobi masu rarrafe kusan iri ɗaya ne da na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Akwai kuma gabobi iri ɗaya na wannan. Akwai kuma koda guda biyu masu raba fitsari da jini. Ana kiran hanyar haɗin gwiwa don feces da fitsari "cloaca". Ita ma macen tana yin ƙwai ta wannan hanyar fita.
Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna numfashi da huhunsu a tsawon rayuwarsu. Wannan wani bambanci ne daga masu amphibians. Yawancin dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma suna rayuwa a ƙasa. Wasu, kamar kada, suna buƙatar fitowa akai-akai don samun iska. Kunkuru sun bambanta: Suna da mafitsara a cikin cloaca, wanda kuma za su iya amfani da su don numfashi.
Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da zuciya da magudanar jini. Zuciya ta fi na dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye, amma ta fi ta masu amphibians sauki. Sabon jinin tare da iskar oxygen wani sashi yana haɗuwa da jinin da aka yi amfani da shi.