Mary Allen
Permafrost ƙasa ce da ke daskarewa duk shekara. Don haka ana kiransa permafrost. Wani lokaci mutum yana magana akan permafrost a takaice.
Akwai permafrost inda yayi sanyi sosai, watau a cikin Arctic, a Antarctic, ko kuma a kusa da su. Tundra da taiga sun shafi musamman. Greenland kusan an rufe shi da permafrost, Alaska kashi hudu cikin biyar, Rasha rabi, da China kusan kashi ɗaya cikin biyar. Hakanan akwai permafrost a cikin tsaunuka da yawa, misali a cikin Himalayas da Alps. Layer na permafrost na iya zama 'yan mita har zuwa mita 1500 a kauri.
Permafrost yana da wahala sosai. An gina hanyoyi da yawa akansa. Ga gidaje, mutane sukan tona ramuka masu zurfi a cikin ƙasa kuma suna sanya tukwane a cikinsu. Gidajen suna tsaye kamar gidajen da aka daskare a cikin daskarewa. Yawancin tashoshin mota na USB da gidajen cin abinci na tsaunuka kuma suna kan irin wannan ƙasa mai sanyi.
Dabbobi da shuke-shuke da yawa suna daskarewa a cikin permafrost, kamar mammoths daga shekarun ƙanƙara na ƙarshe. Wannan yana da matukar amfani ga masana kimiyya. Kuna iya cire DNA daga waɗannan matattun halittu don haka nemo tsarin su. Wannan ba zai yiwu ba da burbushin halittu.
Menene canjin yanayi ke yi don permafrost?
A wasu wurare, permafrost yana narke. Yankunan da a da suke cikin yanayin sanyi yanzu suna cikin yanayin zafi. A sakamakon haka, kowane tsire-tsire da dabbobi suna ɓacewa kuma wasu sun zauna a ciki.
Yawancin hanyoyi a waɗannan wuraren ba a kan daskararre ba amma a kan laka. Filayen hanyar sun tsattsage kuma dukkanin sassan hanyar suna cikin hadarin nutsewa. Yawancin gidaje suna fashe ko ma rugujewa saboda kasan da ke ƙarƙashinsu ba ya da ƙarfi.
A Norway, dukan gangara na barazanar zamewa zuwa cikin fjords. Wannan na iya jawo tsunami tare da raƙuman ruwa sama da mita 40. A cikin tsaunukan Alps, lokacin da dukan gangaren gangaren ke zamewa cikin tafki, ruwan zai iya ratsa kan dam ɗin kuma ya sa ambaliya ta ƙara gangarowa cikin kwarin. Zabtarewar ƙasa na iya yin barazana kai tsaye ko ma binne gidaje ko ƙauyuka gaba ɗaya.
Yawancin gidajen cin abinci da tashoshi na tsalle-tsalle a cikin Alps suma suna cikin haɗari saboda suna kan ƙasan permafrost. Wadanda ke kula da wadannan gine-ginen sun fara rufe wurin da foil a cikin bazara don kiyaye dusar ƙanƙara da ke ƙarƙashinsa daga narkewa, abin da ke haifar da kariya daga zafin rana. Yana aiki, amma yana da tsada sosai kuma kuna iya yin shi a cikin ƙananan wurare.
Amma abin da ya fi muni shi ne cewa akwai da yawa carbon dioxide da aka makale a cikin permafrost, sau biyu fiye da yadda ake samu a cikin dukan yanayi. Lokacin da permafrost ya narke, wannan carbon dioxide yana fitowa, yana ƙaruwa sauyin yanayi. Akwai wasu iskar gas a cikin permafrost kamar methane da nitrous oxide. Wannan yana haɓaka canjin yanayi fiye da carbon dioxide. Wannan zai ƙara narke permafrost. Don haka sauyin yanayi yana hanzarta kanta.