Mary Allen
Gabatarwa: Fahimtar oda Rodentia
Order Rodentia rukuni ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda suka haɗa da nau'in rodents sama da 2,277, wanda ya mai da shi tsari mafi girma na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Rodents suna da alaƙa da ciyawa da suke girma akai-akai, waɗanda suke amfani da su don yayyafa abinci. Ana samun su a kowace nahiya in ban da Antarctica, kuma suna mamaye wurare da yawa, daga hamada zuwa dazuzzuka zuwa ciyayi. Wasu sanannun rodents sun haɗa da beraye, beraye, squirrels, da beavers.
Bambancin Umarnin Dabbobi
Yayin da Order Rodentia shine rukuni mafi girma na dabbobi masu shayarwa, akwai wasu umarni da yawa na dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda suke da bambanci da ban sha'awa. Dabbobi masu shayarwa nau'in dabbobi ne da aka ayyana su ta hanyar iya shayar da 'ya'yansu da madara da aka samar daga mammary glands. Ana kuma siffanta su da gashin kansu ko gashin kansu, da kashin kunnensu guda uku. Akwai nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa sama da 5,500, kuma an raba su zuwa umarni 29 daban-daban, kowannensu yana da halaye na musamman da daidaitawa.
Dabbobi masu Irin Halayen Rodents
Akwai wasu dabbobin da za su yi kama da rodents, amma a zahiri ba mambobi ne na Order Rodentia ba. Waɗannan dabbobin sun haɗa da shrews, moles, da hedgehogs. Shrews da moles suna cikin tsari na Eulipotyphla, wanda rukuni ne na ƙanana, dabbobi masu cin kwari masu kaifi da hakora da dogon hanci. Hedgehogs, a gefe guda, suna cikin tsarin Erinaceomorpha, wanda kuma ya haɗa da tenrecs da gymnures. Wadannan dabbobi suna da kashin baya a bayansu a matsayin nau'i na tsaro.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa masu nau'ikan hakora daban-daban
Ba kamar rodents, wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da nau'ikan hakora daban-daban, ma'ana suna da lamba daban da tsarin hakora. Alal misali, kuliyoyi da karnuka suna cikin tsarin Carnivora, wanda ya haɗa da dabbobi masu shayarwa masu cin nama masu kaifi da hakora da farauta don farauta. Suna da hakora masu kaifi, masu nuni don yayyaga nama, da kuma ƙwanƙwasa don murkushe ƙasusuwa. Sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa masu nau'ikan hakora daban-daban sun hada da giwaye, masu manyan hakora masu fadi don nika ciyayi masu tauri, da whales, wadanda ke da layuka na farantin baleen don tace kananan halittu daga ruwa.
The Order Lagomorpha: kurege da zomaye
Order Lagomorpha ya haɗa da zomaye, zomaye, da pikas, waɗanda ƙanana ne, masu shayarwa masu shayarwa masu dogayen kunnuwa da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi. Duk da yake suna iya kama da rodents, suna da tsarin haƙori daban-daban da tsarin narkewa. Hares da zomaye suna da nau'i-nau'i biyu na incisors, yayin da rodents suna da nau'i biyu kawai. Hakanan suna da tsarin narkewar abinci na musamman wanda ke ba su damar lalata kayan shuka masu tauri. Pika, a gefe guda, sun fi kusanci da zomaye, amma suna da guntun kunnuwa da wutsiya kuma suna zaune a yankuna masu tsayi.
Insectivores: Dabbobi masu cin abinci na tushen kwari
Insectivores rukuni ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda ke ci da farko kwari da sauran ƙananan invertebrates. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da dabbobi kamar moles, shrews, da hedgehogs, da kuma wasu primates da jemagu. Kwari suna da hakora masu kaifi da dogayen hanci ko harshe don kamawa da cin abin da suka gani. Wasu kwari kuma suna iya amfani da sautin murya, kamar jemagu, don gano abincinsu a cikin duhu.
The Order Chiroptera: Jemagu
Jemage rukuni ne na musamman na dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda aka daidaita don tashi. Suna daga cikin Order Chiroptera, wanda ya haɗa da nau'in jemagu sama da 1,400. Jemage suna da fukafukan da aka yi da fata wanda aka shimfiɗa a kan ƙasusuwan yatsa masu tsayi, kuma suna iya tashi ta hanyar murɗa fikafikan su cikin sauri. Haka kuma an san jemagu da iya ƙwazo, wanda ke ba su damar kewayawa da gano ganima a cikin duhu.
The Order Carnivora: Dabbobi masu cin nama
Order Carnivora ya ƙunshi nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa masu cin nama, gami da kuliyoyi, karnuka, bears, da hatimi. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da haƙora na musamman da farauta don farauta da kashe ganima. Suna kuma iya narkar da nama da kashi ta hanyar amfani da acid mai karfi na ciki. Wasu namun daji, kamar kuraye, suma suna iya rama abinci da cin gawa.
The Order Artiodactyla: Ko da-toed Ungulates
The Order Artiodactyla ya ƙunshi ko da-yatsu ungulates, waxanda suke da wani rukuni na dabbobi masu shayarwa da kofato da kuma ma adadin yatsu a kan ƙafafunsu. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da dabbobi kamar barewa, aladu, saniya, da raƙuma. Waɗannan dabbobin tsire-tsire ne, kuma suna da hakora na musamman da tsarin narkewa don sarrafa kayan shuka masu tauri. Wasu maɗaukaki masu hannu da shuni, kamar barewa da tururuwa, suma an san su da saurinsu da iyawa.
The Order Perissodactyla: Ungulates mara kyau
Order Perissodactyla ya haɗa da ungulates mara kyau, waɗanda rukuni ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa tare da kofato da adadi mara kyau na yatsun ƙafafu. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da dabbobi kamar dawakai, rhinoceroses, da tapirs. Wadannan dabbobin suma masu tsiro ne, kuma suna da hakora na musamman da tsarin narkewar abinci don sarrafa kayan shuka masu tauri. Wasu perissodactyls, kamar dawakai, ana amfani da su don sufuri da aiki.
The Order Primates: Mu na Kusa da dangi
The Order Primates ya ƙunshi dabbobi kamar birai, birai, da mutane. Wadannan dabbobin ana siffanta su da manyan kwakwalen su, idanu masu fuskantar gaba, da manyan yatsa masu kishiya. Primates suma dabbobi ne na zamantakewa, kuma suna da sarkakkiyar tsarin zamantakewa da tsarin sadarwa. ’Yan Adam sun fi ci gaba, kuma mun haɓaka harshe, al’adu, da fasaha.
Kammalawa: Wadatar Rayuwar Dabbobi.
Yayin da Order Rodentia ƙungiya ce mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na dabbobi masu shayarwa, akwai wasu umarni na dabbobi masu shayarwa da yawa waɗanda suke da ban sha'awa da mahimmanci. Tun daga ɓangarorin ƙwari zuwa jemagu masu tashi zuwa raƙuman kiwo, masarautar dabbobi tana cike da bambance-bambance da sarƙaƙƙiya. Ta hanyar nazari da kare waɗannan umarni daban-daban na dabbobi masu shayarwa, za mu iya samun kyakkyawar fahimtar duniyar halitta da matsayinmu a cikinta.