Isilinganiso

Amagundane agcinwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo aphuma kumagundane ansundu. Kwakuvame ukuthiwa basuka e-Asia baya eYurophu. Kodwa bafika eNtshonalanga ngemikhumbi namakharavani.

Izici

Libukeka kanjani igundane?

Amagundane ansundu angamagundane futhi angamalungu omndeni wamagundane. Zinesisindo esingama-200 kuya ku-400 amagremu, ngezinye izikhathi aze afike ku-500 amagremu. Umzimba wawo ungamasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-28 futhi umsila wawo unobude obungamasentimitha ayi-17 kuya ku-23. Umsila wegundane mfishane kunomzimba futhi ubukeka sengathi “unqunu”. Lowo msila ngesinye sezizathu ezenza abantu banyanye ngamagundane. Akanqunu kodwa unemigqa eminingi yezikali okuphuma kuzo uboya. Lezi zinwele zisebenza njengezimpondo, ezisetshenziswa igundane njengesiqondiso.

Futhi umsila wegundane unezimfanelo ezinhle nakakhulu: igundane lingawusebenzisa ukuze lizisekele lapho likhuphuka futhi ngaleyo ndlela ligcine ibhalansi yalo. Futhi kuwuhlobo lwe-thermometer esetshenziswa igundane ukuze lilawule izinga lokushisa lomzimba walo. Amagundane ansundu anombala ompunga ukuya kunsundu ngokumnyama noma ngokubomvu-nsundu emhlane wawo, futhi izisu zawo zimhlophe qwa. Amehlo nezindlebe zabo kuncane kakhulu. Izindlebe zinezinwele ezimfishane, ikhala libuthuntu, umsila ungenalutho futhi uminyene impela. Izinyawo zibomvana.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zilwane ezivame ukuba nombala, kukhona nezilwane ezimnyama, ezinye ezinebala elimhlophe esifubeni. Amagundane agcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo namuhla ayinzalo yegundane elinsundu. Zazaliswa ngemibala eminingi ehlukahlukene: manje sekunezilwane ezinamabala. Amagundane elebhu amhlophe nawo aphuma kumagundane ansundu.

Igundane lihlala kuphi

Ikhaya lokuqala lamagundane ansundu amathafa aseSiberia, enyakatho yeChina naseMongolia. Ukusuka lapho banqoba umhlaba wonke: bahamba emhlabeni wonke njengama-stowaways emikhumbi nezinye izinto eziningi zokuthutha futhi batholakala yonke indawo namuhla.

Amagundane ansundu asendle ahlala emaqeleni nasemasimini. Lapho bakha imigodi enamagatsha amaningi ngaphansi komhlabathi. Amagundane ansundu ayesondelene kakhulu nabantu kudala. Namuhla bahlala emiphongolweni, ezindlini, ezitebeleni, ezindaweni zokulahla udoti, nasezindaweni zokukhucululwa kwendle - cishe yonke indawo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamagundane akhona?

Igundane elinsundu lihlobene eduze negundane lasendlini (Rattus rattus). Mncane kancane, unamehlo nezindlebe ezinkudlwana, nomsila wakhe umude kancane kunomzimba wakhe. EJalimane laxoshwa amagundane ansundu futhi manje seliyivelakancane eJalimane kangangokuthi selivikelwe. Amagundane anezinye izihlobo eziningi emhlabeni jikelele. Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi zingaki. Zingaphezu kuka-500 izinhlobo zamagundane ezaziwayo kuze kube manje.

Igundane liba neminyaka emingaki?

Amagundane agcinwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo aphila isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu.

Behave

Amagundane aphila kanjani?

Amagundane ansundu asinda ngokuphelele. Nomaphi lapho abantu behlala khona, kunamagundane. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimaphi amazwekazi abaseYurophu abathola emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka edlule: amagundane ayekhona. Ngenxa yokuthi abakhethekile endaweni ethile yokuhlala, balinqoba ngokushesha ikhaya labo elisha.

Amagundane afunda kusenesikhathi: lapho kukhona abantu, kukhona nokudla! Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi amagundane ansundu aqala nini ukunamathela kubantu: kungenzeka ukuthi kwaba eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa edlule, kodwa futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kwaba ngamakhulu ambalwa eminyaka edlule.

Amagundane avuka ngempela kusihlwa futhi asebenze ebusuku. Cishe amaphesenti angu-40 amagundane ansundu eJalimane ahlala ngaphandle. Benza amaphaseji amakhulu angaphansi komhlaba kanye nemigodi enezimbiza eziphilayo nokudla ezinamaqabunga notshani obomile.

Amanye amagundane ahlala ezindlini, ezinqolobaneni, noma, isibonelo, ohlelweni lokukhucululwa kwendle. Bakha izidleke khona futhi. Lezi zindawo zokuhlala ziyizindawo zamagundane futhi zivikelwe ngamandla yizo ezilwaneni zangaphandle. Amagundane avame ukuthatha uhambo lwangempela efuna ukudla: Ahamba amakhilomitha afinyelela kwamathathu ukuze athole ukudla. Amagundane angabagibeli abahle, ababhukudi, nabatshuzi kahle kakhulu.

Amagundane anomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokuhogela, awusebenzisayo ukuthola ukuthi ukudla kukulungele yini ukudliwa. Uma isilwane senqaba ukudla - isibonelo, ngoba kunoshevu - amanye amalungu ephakethe nawo ashiya ukudla lapho kukhona.

Amagundane ayizilwane ezihlala nabantu. Bathanda inkampani futhi bahlala emaqenjini amakhulu emindeni lapho izilwane ezingama-60 kuya kwezingama-200 zihlaza khona. Akuhlali kuthambile futhi kuzolile lapho: amagundane anesigaba esiqinile, esivame ukunqunywa ezimpini ezinonya.

Amagundane angazala ngokushesha kakhulu. Yingakho kwamanye amadolobha amakhulu kunamagundane amaningi kunabantu. Amaduna angazalana anezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, abesifazane ngemva kwesikhashana. Banezingane ezifika kasikhombisa ngonyaka.

Abangane nezitha zegundane

Izimpungushe ezibomvu, ama-martens, ama-polecat, izinja, amakati, noma izikhova zingaba yingozi kumagundane.

Azala kanjani amagundane?

Amagundane abesilisa nabesifazane awahlali ndawonye njengamabili. Insikazi ijwayele ukukhwelwa abesilisa abaningi - futhi lokhu kungenzeka unyaka wonke. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-22 kuya kwezingu-24, insikazi izala eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye, ngezinye izikhathi zibe ngu-13. Imvamisa eyensikazi izala amazinyane ayo esidlekeni esihlanganyelwe, kanti izingane zamagundane zikhuliswa ngokuhlanganyela ngomama abahlukene bamagundane. Amagundane amancane ashonelwe unina anakekelwa omama bamagundane abasele.

Amagundane ayizilwane ezidleke zangempela: ayimpumputhe futhi anqunu, anesikhumba esipinki, esishwabene. Avula amehlo kuphela lapho esenezinsuku eziyi-15 ubudala. Manje noboya bakhe bukhulile. Baqala kancane ukuthola indawo ebazungezile. Basuka emgodini okokuqala lapho sebenamasonto amathathu ubudala. Amagundane amancane adlala kakhulu futhi adlala kakhulu omunye nomunye.

Igundane lizingela kanjani?

Kwesinye isikhathi amagundane aba yizilwane ezidla ezinye: angakwazi ukudla izinyoni ngisho nezilwane ezinomgogodla ezifika kubukhulu bukanogwaja. Kodwa akuwona wonke amagundane ansundu enza lokho. Ngokuvamile kuba ngamaphakethe athile kuphela agcina eqala ukuzingela.

Amagundane axhumana kanjani?

Isikhathi esiningi uzwa nje amagundane ekhala futhi ekhala, kodwa ayakwazi ukugquma nokuhayiza. Amagundane "akhuluma" komunye nomunye endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-ultrasonic range. Nokho, abantu abezwa lutho kulolu hlu.