Ukuvezwa Kobuso Bamagundane

Injabulo, ukunengeka, ukwesaba - izimo zobuso ezibonisa le mizwa ziyafana kubo bonke abantu. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho sinengekile, amehlo ethu aba mancane, amakhala asonge futhi udebe lwethu lwangenhla lunyakaza ngendlela engafani.

Abacwaningi baseMax Planck Institute for Neurobiology manje sebethole ukuthi amagundane nawo anesimo sobuso esihlukene esingokomzwelo. Ubuso babo bubukeka buhluke kakhulu lapho benambitha into emnandi noma into ebabayo, noma lapho bekhathazekile. I-algorithm yekhompyutha ikwazile ngisho nokulinganisa amandla ahlobene emizwelo.

“Amagundane akhotha isixazululo sikashukela akhombisa ubuso obujabule kakhulu lapho elambile kunalapho esuthi,” kuchaza uNadine Gogolla, obehola lolu cwaningo. Abacwaningi bafuna ukusebenzisa isimo sobuso segundane ukuze baphenye ukuthi imizwa ivela kanjani ebuchosheni.

Umbuzo Ovame ​​Ukubuzwa

Ingabe igundane linemizwa?

Amagundane akhombisa imizwa efana nenjabulo nokwesaba. Besebenzisa uhlelo lwe-computer, ososayensi bakwazi ukufunda imizwa emihlanu ehlukene ebusweni bamagundane. Lokhu okutholakele kungase futhi kuhambisane nokucwaninga ngokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kwabantu.

Ingabe amagundane angacabanga?

Amagundane acabanga ngendlela efanayo ngendlela emangalisayo kubantu: futhi asebenzisa “amadrowa” ukuze ahlele futhi ahlukanise ulwazi ngokwezigaba. Lokhu kuboniswa ucwaningo lwamanje olwenziwa abacwaningi baseMax Planck Institute for Neurobiology. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ososayensi balandelela phansi izisekelo ze-neural zokucabanga okungaqondakali.

Ingabe amagundane ahlakaniphile?

Amagundane ayashesha, ahlakaniphile, futhi anamakhono amangalisayo ngokomzimba. Zikhuphukela ezindongeni zendlu eziqondile, zigxume zifike ku-50 cm futhi zithathe wonke amathuba okungena endlini yakho.

Ingabe amagundane anezinkumbulo?

Kuvele ukuthi indawo yenkumbulo yesikhashana incike kakhulu kugundane uqobo. Emisebenzini efana nale, igundane ngalinye lisebenzisa isu elihlukile lokuziphatha ukuze lifike esixazululweni. Abanye bakhetha isu elisebenzayo, bazinyakazise kanye nama-vibrissae abo lapho bebona.

Ingabe amagundane angakwazi ukuhleka?

Kunezithombe eziningi ezinjengalesi, zezilwane ezihlekayo noma ezidabukisayo. Ukumomotheka kwangempela noma i-snap ejabulisayo? Abacwaningi manje sebekwazile ukuhlonza nokwenza izimo zobuso ezinhlanu ezihlukene kumagundane. Ucwaningo olusha lubonise ukuthi imizwa yegundane ingafundwa ebusweni balo.

Iyiphi intandokazi yegundane?

Okusanhlamvu nembewu kwenza ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwamagundane. Ukudla okusha, njengezithelo nemifino noma amagatsha amasha, kunezinketho ezihlukile zamagundane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ezincane, isidingo sincane. Ukwengeza, amagundane adinga ingxenye yamaprotheni ezilwane ukuze ahlale enempilo futhi eqaphile.

Igundane lingabona kahle kangakanani?

Naphezu kwamehlo awo aqhumile, amagundane awaboni kahle, kodwa anezwa elibukhali nomuzwa omkhulu wokuhogela. Amakha, ikakhulukazi, akhishwe ngomchamo, adlala indima enkulu ekuphileni kwamagundane. Ngale ndlela, imigwaqo yangempela ingaphawulwa ngamakha, abonisa izilwane ezikanye nazo indlela eya lapho kuthola khona ukudla.

Ingabe amagundane angabona ebumnyameni?

Leli ngqamuzana elikuyi-retina yegundane liba yinto eyindilinga ebumnyameni, libona ngisho nezimpawu zokunyakaza ezibuthakathaka. Izilwane kufanele zivumelanise amehlo azo nobumnyama ukuze zibhekane nezimo ezihlukahlukene, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zibona inyamazane noma zibalekela izilwane ezidla ezinye.

Alala nini amagundane?

Amagundane ancamela ukushiya isidleke sawo ebusuku nakusihlwa. Ngokukhanya okungapheli, asebenza ngesikhathi esithule kakhulu. Uma amagundane esebenza futhi ebonakala phakathi nosuku, ukuhlasela ngokuvamile kuba kubi kakhulu.

Kusho ukuthini uma amagundane ekhala?

Imisindo enjengokuxoxa, nokugedlezela kubonisa isifo esibi sokuphefumula - igundane kufanele liyiswe kudokotela wezilwane onguchwepheshe wegundane ngokushesha. Ukuqhweba kakhulu noma ukuqhweba kuwuphawu lokwethuka noma ukwesaba, imisindo enjalo ngokuvamile ingazwakala lapho izilwane zidlaliswa kabi kakhulu.