Lezi Zihlobo Zezinja Zihlakaniphe Ikakhulukazi

Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo zezinja okuthiwa zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lobuhlakani. Kodwa empeleni yini eyenza ubuhlakani ezinjeni? Ngokusho kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, lezi zinja eziyi-10 zihlakaniphe kakhulu.

Ukulinganisa ubuhlakani kunzima. Ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi “zezinhlobo” zobuhlakani. Ngokwesibonelo, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uStanley Coren sibhala ngalezi zinhlobo ezintathu zobuhlakani ezilandelayo:

• ubuhlakani obuvumelana nezimo: thola izinto uwedwa, shintsha/jwayelani nokuziphatha uwedwa;
• ubuhlakani bokusebenza: landela imiyalo;
• ukuhlakanipha okungokwemvelo: amakhono azalwa nawo.

Kukhona nezinye izici ezifana nobuhlakani bendawo noma bezenhlalo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke kubantu, ubuhlakani bolimi, bomculo, noma ubuhlakani bezibalo.

Isifundo Ngobuhlakani Bezinja

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo u-Coren senza inhlolovo ye-canine intelligence ngawo-1990, sixoxa namajaji angu-199 ezinja ezilalelayo. Encwadini yakhe ethi "The Intelligence of Dogs" (1994) wethula imiphumela yakhe futhi wahlukanisa izinhlobo zezinja ngezigaba ezahlukene "zobuhlakani". Wacabangela izici ezimbili:

• Zingaki izimpinda ezidingwa inja ukuze ifunde umyalo omusha?
• Ingakanani iphesenti lesikhathi inja elalelayo?

Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lukaCoren ngokuyinhloko luhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokusebenza.

I-10 Smartest Dog Breeds NgokukaStanley Coren

Ngokwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uStanley Coren, lezi yizinhlobo eziyishumi zezinja ezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Njengoba ehlole kuphela ubuhlakani bokusebenza, umuntu angabachaza nangokuthi “izinhlobo zezinja ezilalela kakhulu”. U-Coren wabiza lezi zinja ezingu-10 ngokuthi “isigaba sokuqala”: Zifunda umyalo omusha ngokuphindaphinda okungaphansi kwesihlanu futhi zilalela okungenani amaphesenti angu-95 esikhathi.

Indawo ye-10: Inja Yezinkomo yase-Australia

I-Australian Cattle Dog iyinja esebenzayo edinga ukuzivocavoca okuningi kanye nemisebenzi eyahlukene. Uthanda abantu futhi uyadlala. Ngenxa yobuhlakani bayo obuphezulu, ifaneleka njengenja yonogada. Uyathanda ukwenza imisebenzi ayabelwe ngoba uzimisele kakhulu ukusebenza. Njengoba evame ukubusa kakhulu, udinga ukuqeqeshwa okungaguquki kanye nokuxhumana nabantu futhi akabafanele abaqalayo.

Indawo ye-9: Rottweilers

I-Rottweiler iyinja eqaphile enomlingisi oqinile kanye nemvelo evikelayo. Le nja ayifanele abaqalayo. Uyakwazi ukuhlola nokuhlola izimo ngokuzimela futhi uhlakaniphe kakhulu. Ikhuliswe kahle futhi yahlalisana, iRottweiler ingumngane othembekile futhi ikhombisa uhlangothi lwayo olunothando. Usetshenziswa njengenja yamaphoyisa.

Indawo yesi-8: Papillon

I-papillon encane iyinja yomndeni enothando, ephilayo, futhi enobungani futhi yaziwa njengethambile futhi ihlakaniphile, okwenza kube lula ukuyiqeqesha. Ubuye abe nomuzwa ojulile wemizwa yomuntu. I-papillon ithanda ukwazi kakhulu futhi ithanda zonke izinhlobo zemidlalo: ithanda ukubuyisa, ukuhogela, nemidlalo yezobunhloli.

Indawo yesi-7: I-Labrador Retrievers

I-Labrador Retriever ethandwayo ithathwa njengenja enamathalente amaningi futhi enamahlaya. Uhlakaniphe kakhulu futhi uzimisele ukufunda futhi unesidingo esikhulu sokujabulisa umnikazi wakhe. Imisebenzi yakhe njengenja yokuhlenga, inja eqondisayo kanye nenja ehogela izidakamizwa ibonisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinja lukwazi ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene futhi luhlakaniphe kangakanani.

Indawo yesi-6: Inja yezimvu yaseShetland

I-Shetland Sheepdog iyinja eqeqeshekayo, ehlakaniphile, enemvelo enhle, futhi enobungani. Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa njengezinja ezilusayo, abakwaShelties bafunda ngokushesha nangenjabulo. Badinga uhambo olude emvelweni nsuku zonke futhi bafuna ukuphikiswa ngokwengqondo. Ukuqeqeshwa njengenja yokwelapha noma yokuhlenga nakho kungenzeka nge-Shetland Sheepdog.

Indawo yesi-5: Doberman Pinscher

I-Dobermann ibonakala ngokuqonda okusheshayo kanye nokuzimisela ukufunda ngakho-ke kufanele inselele kokubili ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Ukuhlobana kwakhe nabantu kanye nesidingo sakhe sokugonana sikhula ngokugcwele lapho lezi zidingo zihlangatshezwana nazo. Izinja eziqaphile nezinolaka nazo zisetshenziswa ngamaphoyisa namasosha.

Indawo yesi-4: IGolden Retrievers

I-Golden Retriever iyinqwaba yamandla enomoya edinga kokubili insada yomsebenzi wengqondo nokuzivocavoca umzimba ukuze ujabule. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, ithathwa njengenja enhle yomndeni futhi igxile kakhulu kubantu. Izinja zisabela ngokuqinile ezwini nasekumeni komzimba futhi kulula ukuziqeqesha ngendlela yokudlala nothando, ngengxube yamahlaya nokungaguquguquki.

Indawo yesi-3: German Shepherd

Umalusi waseJalimane uyinja ehlakaniphe kakhulu ezimisele ukufunda nokusebenza, okuthi - ngokuqeqeshwa okufanele - iyoba umngane olalelayo nothembekile impilo yonke. Ubuhlakani bakhe bubonakala emisebenzini yakhe njengomalusi, amaphoyisa, nenja yezempi. Umalusi waseJalimane udinga umsebenzi omningi ongokwengqondo nomzimba kanye nomnikazi oqinile omfundisa ngothando nokungaguquguquki.

Indawo yesi-2: Poodle

Ama-Poodle aphakathi kwezinhlobo zezinja ezihlakaniphe kakhulu ngoba ahlakaniphile, alangazelela ukufunda, ayavumelana nezimo, anozwela, futhi ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Basabela kahle ekuqeqeshweni komuntu futhi balandela imiyalo kalula kakhulu. Ngenxa yekhono lawo lokufunda, ama-poodle sekuyisikhathi eside eyizinja zesekisi ezidumile. Ama-Poodle ahlobene nabantu futhi anothando futhi azokwenza noma yini ukuze enze "abantu" bajabule.

Indawo yokuqala: Border Collie

I-Border Collie ibhekwa njenge "Einstein" yezinja. Ufunda ngokushesha futhi udinga umsebenzi omningi ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kangangokuthi akazifanele izinja ezisanda kuzalwa. Ukukhuliswa nokuqeqeshwa kwakhe kudinga ukuzwela okukhulu ngoba uma iBorder Collie isifake ngaphakathi ukuziphatha, kuba nzima ukuyiqeqesha futhi. I-Border Collie yafuywa ukuze yeluse izimvu futhi iwenza kahle lo msebenzi ngenjabulo.

Lezi zinhlobo zezinja eziyishumi ngezinye izikhathi zihluke kakhulu, kodwa futhi zabelana ngezici eziningi. Kuyacaca ukuthi izinhlobo zezinja ezihlukaniswa ngokobuhlakani obusebenzayo nazo zinezici ezikhulumela ukuhlakanipha okuguquguqukayo noma okungokwemvelo: Ngokwesibonelo, uzwela, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokugcwaliseka kwemisebenzi yokwelusa, ukuqapha, noma izinja zokuhlenga nakho kubonisa ubuhlakani obuphezulu .

Kuyacaca futhi ukuthi ukuhlakanipha okuphezulu nokuzimisela ukufunda ezinjeni akuyona into "eyengeziwe" enhle, kodwa isici somlingiswa esibophezela umnikazi ukuba akhuthaze futhi agcine inja yakhe imatasa, ngaphandle kwalokho inja ngeke ijabule.

Izalanisa Izinja Ezingahlakaniphi Kancane?

Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziyishumi zezinja ezethulwe ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uStanley Coren asichaza ngokuthi "isigaba sokuqala", wahlukanisa ezinye izinhlobo zezinja:

• Ikilasi Lesibili: Izinja ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezivame ukufunda imiyalo emisha ngezaziso ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-15 futhi zilalele amaphesenti angama-85 esikhathi.

Izibonelo zaleli klasi: I-Miniature Schnauzer, Collie, Cocker Spaniel, Weimaraner, Bernese Mountain Dog, Pomeranian

• Ikilasi Lesithathu: Izinja ezisebenzayo ezingaphezu kwesilinganiso ezivame ukufunda umyalo omusha ngokuphindaphinda okungu-15 kuya kwezingu-25 futhi zilalele amaphesenti angu-70 esikhathi.

Izibonelo zaleli klasi: Yorkshire Terriers, Newfoundlands, Irish Setters, Affenpinscher, Dalmatians

• Ibanga Lesine: Isilinganiso sezinja ezisebenzayo ezivame ukufunda iqhinga elisha ngemva kokuzama okungu-25 kuya ku-40 futhi zilalele okungenani amaphesenti angu-50 esikhathi.

Izibonelo zaleli klasi: Irish Wolfhound, Australian Shepherd, Saluki, Siberian Husky, Boxer, Great Dane

• Ibanga Lesihlanu: Izinja ezisebenza kahle ezivame ukufunda umyalo omusha ngokuphindaphinda okungama-40 kuya kwangu-80 futhi zilalele amaphesenti angama-40 esikhathi.

Izibonelo zaleli klasi: Pug, French Bulldog, Lakeland Terrier, St. Bernard, Chihuahua

• IBanga Lesithupha: Izinja ezisebenzayo okungenani, ukufunda iqhinga elisha ngemva kokuphindaphinda okungaphezu kwe-100 nokulalela cishe amaphesenti angu-30 esikhathi.

Izibonelo zaleli klasi: i-mastiff, i-beagle, i-chow chow, i-bulldog, i-hound yase-Afghan

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiliphi ikilasi, lezi yizigaba ezijwayelekile nje. Yiqiniso, inja ngayinye ingumuntu ngamunye ngakho-ke ubuhlakani bungahluka kusuka kwenja kuya kwenja.

Kulezi zigaba, ubuhlakani bokusebenza babuphambili. Ngakho-ke, akusho ukuthi izinja ezithathwa uCoren njengezihlakaniphe kancane “ziyisimungulu” noma ama- simpletons. Ukuthi inja (njalo) ayilaleli imiyalo yabantu akusho ukuthi “ayihlakaniphile”. Isazi sokuziphatha kwezilwane u-Frans de Waal, isibonelo, uvikele i-Afghan Hound ka-Coren egcine ibekwe endaweni yokugcina: Akazange nje asikwe futhi omiswe, kodwa “wayengumuntu ocabanga ngenkululeko” ongathandi ukulandela imiyalo. Lolu hlobo lwezinja mhlawumbe lufana namakati angathandi ukufana.