Kungani izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukuphefumula lapho zingekho emanzini?

Isingeniso: Izinhlanzi Namanzi

Izinhlanzi ziyizilwane zasemanzini ezijwayele ukuhlala emanzini. Bayakwazi ukukhipha umoya-mpilo emanzini futhi bakhiphe isikhutha. Nokho, lapho izinhlanzi zikhishwa emanzini, azikwazi ukuphefumula futhi zingase ziphefumule. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi ziye zavela ukuze zikhiphe umoya-mpilo emanzini, hhayi emoyeni.

Ukukhipha Oksijini Emanzini

Izinhlanzi zikhipha umoya-mpilo emanzini zisebenzisa izimbotshana zazo. Umoya-mpilo osemanzini uyancibilika emangqamuzaneni amanzi futhi udlule emathunjini ezinhlanzi. Amagill anezinhlaka ezincane ezinjengomunwe ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-gill filaments, aqukethe imithambo yegazi emincane eminingi. Njengoba amanzi egeleza phezu kwemicu yegill, umoya-mpilo uyahlukana usuka emanzini uye emithanjeni yegazi bese uyiswa ezithweni zezinhlanzi.

Ukuhwebelana Kwamanzi Negesi

Amanzi ayindawo eminyene equkethe umoya-mpilo omncane kunomoya. Umthamo womoya-mpilo ongancibilika emanzini uthintwa izinga lokushisa, usawoti, nokucindezela kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile, amanzi abandayo aqukethe umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe kunamanzi afudumele. Amanzi anosawoti aqukethe umoya-mpilo omncane ongancibilikisiwe kunamanzi ahlanzekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlanzi emanzini afudumele, anosawoti kungase kudingeke zisebenze kanzima ukuze zikhiphe umoya-mpilo emanzini.

AmaGill: Isitho Sokuphefumula

Amagill yizitho zokuphefumula zezinhlanzi. Zitholakala nhlangothi zombili zekhanda lenhlanzi, ngemuva kwamehlo. Amagill avikelwe isakhiwo esingamathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-operculum, esiza ukumpompa amanzi phezu kwemicu yegill.

I-Gills: I-Anatomy kanye nomsebenzi

Ama-gill filaments ayindawo eyinhloko yokushintshisana ngegesi ezinhlanzini. I-gill filament ngayinye yenziwe ngama-gill lamellae amaningi, amapuleti amancane, ayisicaba akhulisa indawo engaphezulu yokushintshaniswa kwegesi. I-gill lamellae imbozwe ungqimba lwamaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-epithelial cell, anesibopho sokuthutha umoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide phakathi kwegazi lezinhlanzi namanzi.

I-Diffusion kanye ne-Counter-Current Exchange

Ukushintshana kwegesi ezinhlanzini kwenzeka ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-diffusion. Umoya-mpilo uyahlakazeka usuke endaweni enezinga eliphezulu (amanzi) uye endaweni enezinga eliphansi (igazi lenhlanzi). I-carbon dioxide isakazekela ngakolunye uhlangothi, isuka egazini lenhlanzi iye emanzini. I-Counter-current exchange iyindlela ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushintshaniswa kwegesi ezinhlanzini. Kuhilela ukugeleza kwamanzi negazi ezinhlangothini eziphambene, okugcina i-gradient yokuhlushwa umoya-mpilo nesikhutha.

Ukuhwebelana Kwegesi Emoyeni vs. Amanzi

Ukushintshaniswa kwegesi emoyeni kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunokushintshaniswa kwegesi emanzini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umoya unomoya-mpilo omningi kunamanzi futhi awuminyene kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ngezilwane ukukhipha umoya-mpilo. Izinhlanzi ezikwazi ukuphefumula umoya ziye zashintsha ukujwayela okukhethekile ukuze kukhishwe umoya-mpilo emoyeni, njengamaphaphu noma ama-gill ashintshiwe.

Ukongiwa kwamanzi kanye Nezinsimbi

Izinhlanzi ziyakwazi futhi ukonga amanzi ngamagill azo. Njengoba amanzi edlula imicu yegill, inhlanzi iyakwazi ukumunca kabusha amanye amanzi futhi ikhiphe udoti. Lokhu kuvumela izinhlanzi ukuthi ziphile ezindaweni ezinamanzi aphansi.

Inhlanzi Ephefumula Umoya: Okuhlukile

Ezinye izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukuphefumula umoya futhi ziye zashintsha ukujwayela okukhethekile ukwenza kanjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-lungfish iye yakha amaphaphu ayivumela ukuba iphefumule umoya lapho izinga lamanzi liphansi. Ezinye izinhlanzi, njenge- mudskipper, ziye zashintsha ama-gill akwazi ukukhipha umoya-mpilo emoyeni.

Ukuncishwa Umoya Ongcwele Nezinhlanzi

Lapho izinhlanzi zintula umoya-mpilo, zingase ziphathwe yi-hypoxia. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi likhuphuka noma amazinga omoya-mpilo emanzini ehla. Izinhlanzi nazo zingase zibe ne-hypoxia lapho zibanjwa futhi zidedelwa abadobi. Kubalulekile ukuphatha izinhlanzi ngobumnene futhi uzikhulule ngokushesha ukuze unciphise ingozi ye-hypoxia.

Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Kwamanzi

Izinhlanzi zijwayele ukuhlala emanzini futhi azikwazi ukuphefumula lapho zingekho emanzini. Amagill ayizitho zokuphefumula zezinhlanzi futhi anesibopho sokukhipha umoya-mpilo emanzini. Izinhlanzi ziguqule ukujwayela okukhethekile ukuze ziphile ezindaweni ezihlukene zasemanzini, njengamanzi anosawoti noma izindawo ezinomoya-mpilo omncane. Kubalulekile ukuvikela nokugcina izindawo zokuhlala zasemanzini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusinda kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi.

Izikhombo kanye nokufunda okwengeziwe

1. “Isistimu Yokuphefumula Yezinhlanzi.” Izinhlanzi zaseTexas. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, nd Web. 26 Nov. 2021.
2. "AmaGills." I-Biology Online. np, iWebhu. 26 Nov. 2021.
3. “Ukuphefumula Ezinhlanzini.” I-Encyclopedia Britannica. np, iWebhu. 26 Nov. 2021.
4. "Kungani Izinhlanzi Zidinga I-oksijini." Sea Grant Oregon. I-Oregon State University, kanye neWebhu. 26 Nov. 2021.