Hawk

Amakhothane angabazingeli abaphelele: Ngobuchule bawo bokundiza obukhethekile, azingela ezinye izinyoni emoyeni noma agulukudele ahlasele phansi.

Izici

Babukeka kanjani oklebe?

Falcons izinyoni ezidla inyama. Zinekhanda elincane uma kuqhathaniswa, amehlo amakhulu, noqhwaku oluyihhuku oluvamile lwezinyoni ezidla inyama. Umzimba wayo mncane, izimpiko zayo zinde futhi zicijile, nomsila wayo mfishane. Izinzwane ezinyaweni zazo zinde futhi zinamandla, okuzivumela ukuba zibambe inyamazane yazo ngobuchule. Izinsikazi zama-falcons zivame ukuba zinkulu kakhulu kunabesilisa. Lezi zibizwa nangokuthi "i-Terzel", elivela kwelesiLatini elithi "tertium", okusho ukuthi "yesithathu".

Isibonelo, i-falcon yaseMelika ingenye yezilwane ezincane kakhulu. Ingamasentimitha angu-20 kuya kwangu-28 kuphela ubude futhi inesisindo esingamagremu ayi-100 kuya kwangu-200 kuphela. Amaphiko ayo angamasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-60. Ama-kestrels amaduna anomhlane obomvu ngokugqwala kanye namaphiko ampunga-luhlaza agcina ngokumnyama. Isisu silula futhi sinamabala. Isigqoko ekhanda simpunga-luhlaza. I-falcon yaseMelika inemigqa emithathu emnyama ekhanda. Ezinsikazi zinamaphiko abomvu agqwalile kanye namabhande ambalwa amnyama emsileni, kanti abesilisa banebhande elilodwa elimnyama.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-saker falcon ingenye yezinkulu kakhulu. Ingeyezilwane ezizingelayo futhi iyinyoni ehlangene, enamandla. Abesilisa nabesifazane be-saker falcon bacishe bafane futhi ngenxa yalokho bacishe bahlukaniseke komunye nomunye. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba inombala onsundu ngokumnyama, umsila onsundu kancane phezulu. Ikhanda nesisu nakho kuyakhanya ngombala kunomzimba. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba lumnyama futhi lunamabhande kunomzimba oseceleni ongezansi.

I-saker falcon iphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-46 no-58 ubude futhi inamaphiko angama-104 kuya ku-129 amasentimitha. Izimpiko zayo zinde futhi zicijile, kodwa zibanzi kunesib. B. i-peregrine falcon. Ingwejeje yesilisa inesisindo esingamagremu angu-700 kuya kwangu-900 kuphela, kuyilapho ezinsikazi zinesisindo esingamagremu ayi-1000 kuya ku-1300. Izinyawo - ezibuye zibizwe ngokuthi ama-fangs - ziphuzi ezilwaneni ezindala futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwezincane. Ama-Saker Falcons angadideka nama-peregrine FALcons kodwa abe nekhanda elinombala okhanyayo.

Enye yezingwekazi ezinkulu ezizalelwa kithi i-peregrine falcon. Isisindo seduna singama-580-720 amagremu, insikazi ifinyelela ku-1090 amagremu. Umhlane wakhe umpunga. Intamo nekhanda kunombala omnyama-mpunga. Umugqa omnyama wentshebe ugqamile emphinjeni ophaphathekile nasesihlathini esimhlophe. Amaphiko made kakhulu. Umsila wona mfishane kakhulu.

Bahlala kuphi oklebe?

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhothane zisakazwa emhlabeni wonke. Oklebe baseMelika basekhaya kulo lonke elaseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Nokho, kuthiwa izilwane ngazinye ziye zaphambukela ngisho naseYurophu. Ama-saker falcons atholakala kakhulu ukusuka eMpumalanga Yurophu kuya enyakatho yeChina naseNdiya. Zingatholakala eTurkey unyaka wonke. Ziphinde zifudukele ezifundeni ezisenyakatho yoLwandle Olumnyama ziye e-Ukraine ukuze zizale. EYurophu Ephakathi, zingatholakala kuphela emahlathini ase-Austrian Danube. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, nokho, amapheya ambalwa azalelayo nawo abonwa e-Elbe Sandstone Mountains e-Saxony.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-globetrotter yangempela, i-peregrine falcon: ingatholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi emhlabeni. Ama-Falcons ahlala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Oklebe baseMelika bangajwayelana nezindawo eziningi ezihlukene zokuhlala: bangatholakala emapaki kanye nasemasimini, emahlathini, futhi kusukela ogwadule kuya ezintabeni eziphakeme.

Ama-Saker falcons ahlala ikakhulukazi ehlathini nasezinkangala ezomile nasezingwadule. Angatholakala amamitha angu-1300 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ama-falcons ama-Saker adinga izindawo ezinkulu zokuzingela ezinendawo evulekile. Ama-peregrine falcons nawo athanda izindawo ezivulekile njengezigodi zemifula nama-steppes. Baphinde bahlale emibhoshongweni yesonto emadolobheni ukuze bazale. Okubalulekile, indawo yokuhlala iyikhaya lezinyoni eziningi ezisebenza njengezisulu zoklebe.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamakhothane akhona?

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60 zama-falcon emhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi kwezinto ezaziwa kakhulu kukhona ukhwekhwe, i-kestrel, i-falcon yesihlahla, i-merlin, i-lesser falcon, i-red-footed falcon, i-Lanner falcon, i-Eleonora's falcon, ne-gyrfalcon. Izikhothane zasogwadule kanye nama-Barbary falcons eNyakatho Afrika zingabazingeli abanekhono. I-prairie falcon ihlala eNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-USA naseMexico.

Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha ezihlukene ze-saker falcon ngokwayo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zama-kestrels, ezizalelwa eMelika kusukela e-Alaska enyakatho kuya eTierra del Fuego eningizimu. Lezi zinhlobo ezincane zingaba nombala ohluke kakhulu.

Behave

Baphila kanjani oklebe?

Oklebe baseMelika bangabazingeli abanekhono kakhulu. Isibonelo, zithanda ukucathamela impango emigwaqweni, lapho zihlala khona ezihlahleni noma ezigxotsheni. Ama-Saker Falcons angabazingeli abanolaka ikakhulukazi namandiza ashesha. Zivamise ukuhlula inyamazane yazo ngokuhlasela okumangazayo okushesha umbani.

Ngenxa yokuthi zingabazingeli abanekhono kangaka, okhohliwe abafuyiwe be-saker basaqeqeshwa e-Asia namuhla ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuzingela noma ukufuya. Ungakwazi ngisho nokufaka izikhwama zezilwane ezilingana nonogwaja. I-saker falcon ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi "Saker" ngama-falconers.

Inqubo yokuzingela yasendulo yama-falconry yaqala ukwenziwa abantu abayimizulane emathafeni ase-Asia futhi yayisakazeke eShayina naseJapane ekuqaleni kuka-400 BC. Wayehlonishwa ngokukhethekile esigodlweni sikaGenghis Khan. I-Falconry yafika eYurophu namaHuns. Ezweni lethu bekugcinelwe izicukuthwane.

I-Falconry ibizwa nangokuthi ukuzingela. Igama elithi "Beiz" livela "ukuluma". Ngoba oklebe babulala inyamazane yabo ngokuluma entanyeni. Kudinga isineke esikhulu ukuqeqesha ukheshe ukuzingela, ngoba izinyoni ezidla inyama, kuhlanganise ne-saker falcon, kunzima kakhulu ukuzithambisa. Njengoba le nyoni ekuqaleni ihlala esandleni somzingeli lapho izingela, into yokuqala okufanele iyenze ukujwayela ukuhlala ngokuzolile esandleni.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ihambe amahora ambalwa nsuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-falcons kufanele aphelelwe ukwesaba izinja ezihambisana nokuzingela. Ukuziphatha kwemvelo kwezinyoni kuyasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuzingela ama-falconry: ama-falcons angabona kahle kakhulu kude futhi abone inyamazane ekude.

Ukuze le nyoni ingaphumuli, igqoka lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi umakheshe lapho izingela inqobo nje uma ihlezi esandleni sikakheshe. I-hood ikhishwa kuphela uma kufanele ishaye inyamazane. Into yokuqala ebonwa wuklebe yimpango. Indiza isuke esandleni se-falconer futhi ibulale inyamazane. Lezi zinyoni ziqeqeshelwa ukuba ngaleso sikhathi zibambe inyamazane yazo futhi zihlale nayo kuze kufike abazingeli nezinja.

Ukuze ikwazi ukuthola i-falcon kangcono, ifaka izinsimbi ezinyaweni zayo. Uma i-falcon igeja inyamazane yayo, ibuyela ku-falconer. Ngale ndlela yokuzingela, abantu nezinyoni bayazuza komunye nomunye: abantu bangakwazi ukuzingela izilwane obekungaba nzima ukuzibulala, kanti ukheshe uthola ukudla kubantu.

Ezinsikazi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhwebeni ngoba zikhudlwana futhi zinamandla kunabesilisa. Ngama-saker falcons kanye namanye ama-falcons, ama-pheasants, ama-partridges, amajuba, ama-gull, amadada, amahansi, izindwandwe, ama-magpies namagwababa azingelwa kakhulu.

Ukuba i-falconer kuwumsebenzi wangempela, futhi uma ufuna ukuzingela nama-falcons, kufanele wenze ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile: awudingi nje ilayisense yokuzingela, kodwa futhi nelayisensi yokuzingela i-falconry. Ngendlela: namuhla kusetshenziswa ama-falcons okuzingela isb. B. iphinde isetshenziswe ezikhumulweni zezindiza ukuxosha izinyoni ezingaba yingozi endizeni eqalayo uma zingena ezinjinini zazo.

Abangane nezitha zoklebe

Ngenxa yokuthi banekhono lokundiza futhi banamandla kakhulu, oklebe banezitha ezimbalwa. Ezikhathini eziningi, amaqanda noma izilwane ezincane zingaba yizisulu zezigebengu ezihlala ezidlekeni njengamagwababa - kodwa ngokuvamile zigadwa kahle abazali. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi, nakuba kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele, abantu bantshontshe oklebe abancane ezidlekeni ukuze babaqeqeshele ukuzingela.