UMary Allen
Izwe elisha, ulimi olusha: ziphila kanjani izinja emazweni angalwazi ulimi lwawo?
Izinja zivame ukuhamba nabantu bazo iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Bangabangane bamaholidi, bahlangabezana nokuhlukana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi basuka kwelinye izwe baye kwelinye nabanikazi babo. Kwenzeka okufanayo kuBorder Collie Kun-Kun lapho umnikazi wakhe uLaura Cuaya esuka eMexico eya eHungary. Izwe elisha, ulimi olusha: Kungazelelwe i-“Buenos Días” ejwayeleke futhi emnandi! yaba yinto exakile, elukhuni “Jò napot!”
Ingabe inja yami iyaqaphela ukuthi kukhulunywa ulimi oluhlukile eduze kwayo nokuthi ezinye izinja epaki lezinja zisabela emiyalweni eyahlukahlukene? isazi sebhayoloji sokuziphatha sibe sesizibuza. Lo mbuzo othakazelisayo abazali abaningi bokutholwa bezinja zakwamanye amazwe baye bazibuza izikhathi eziningana.
Inkosana encane ekuhlolweni kobuchopho
Alukho ucwaningo olukhona mayelana nokuthi ukuqashelwa kolimi nokucwaswa kungamakhono omuntu. Nokho, okwaziwayo ukuthi izingane zingakwenza lokhu nangaphambi kokuba zizikhulumele. Ukuze bathole ukuthi izinja zisabela kanjani ezilimini ezihlukahlukene, uCuaya nozakwabo baseNyuvesi yase-Eötvös Loránd eBudapest baqeqeshe izinja ezingu-18 zomsuka weSpanishi nesiHungary ukuba zilale buthule ku-tomograph yekhompyutha. Kulabangane ababenemilenze emine manje ababekhululekile, kwase kuyisikhathi sesifundo sokufunda: babelalela indaba yenkosana ngama-headphone, eyayifundelwa bona ngesiHungary, iSpanishi, nangemuva ngezingcezu zazo zombili izilimi.
Umphumela: Ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wobuchopho ku-primary auditory cortex, abacwaningi abakwazanga ukusho ukuthi izinja zizwe iSpanishi noma isiHungary, kodwa noma ngabe kwakungolunye lwezilimi noma izingcezu zamagama ezivela emibhalweni efundwa emuva. Umehluko omuhle kakhulu wabonwa ku-secondary cortex yokuzwa: ulimi lwebele nolimi lwangaphandle luvuse amaphethini okuvula ahlukene ku-cortex yokuzwa, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezindala. Ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi izinja zingakwazi ukucosha futhi zibandlulule ukuzwakala kwezilimi ezihlangabezana nazo empilweni yazo yonke. Izifundo zesikhathi esizayo kufanele manje zibonise ukuthi ingabe ukufuywa kwasekhaya kwabangane abakhulu babantu okwathatha amakhulu eminyaka kuye kwabenza baba iziqapheli zokukhuluma ezinesiphiwo.
Umbuzo Ovame Ukubuzwa
Ingabe izinja zingaziqonda ezinye izilimi?
Ngokokuqala ngqa, abacwaningi baye bafakazela ukuthi akubona abantu kuphela abakwazi ukuhlukanisa izilimi ezahlukene: Ngisho nasezinjeni, ubuchopho bubonisa amaphethini omsebenzi ahlukene, kuye ngokuthi umngane onemilenze emine ujwayelene nolimi oluzwile noma cha.
Ingabe izinja ziyakwazi ukubona izilimi?
Nokho, ekuhlolweni, izinja azikwazanga nje ukubona inkulumo, kodwa futhi nokuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo. Izikena zabonisa ukuthi lezo zifundo ezinemilenze emine ezezwa iSpanishi zinempendulo ehlukile ku-secondary cortex yokuzwa kunalabo abezwa isiHungary.
Zingaki izilimi eziqondwa yizinja?
Uphenyo lwagcina lutholile ukuthi isilinganiso kwakungamagama angama-89 noma imishwana emifushane izinja ezazingayiqonda. Izilwane ezihlakaniphile kuthiwa zize zaphendula amagama afinyelela kwangama-215 - amaningi kakhulu!
Ingabe izinja zingasiqonda isiJalimane?
Izilwane eziningi ziyawabona amaphethini enkulumweni yomuntu. Manje kuvela ukuthi izinja zizinhle kakhulu kuwo. Ucwaningo olusha ephephabhukwini i-NeuroImage luphakamisa ukuthi bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa ulimi olujwayelekile kokunye ukulandelana kwemisindo.
Yimaphi amagama inja ewaqondayo?
Ngaphandle kwamagama afundiwe anjengokuthi “hlala”, “kuhle” noma “lapha” umngane onemilenze emine akaluqondi ulimi lwethu ngokoqobo, kodwa uyezwa ukuthi sithukuthele noma sijabule. Ngo-2016, abacwaningi bashicilela imiphumela yocwaningo olubandakanya izinja ezingu-13.
Ingabe inja ingacabanga?
Izinja ziyizilwane ezihlakaniphile ezithanda ukuhlala ngamaphakethe, zixhumana nathi ngezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi zibonakala zikwazi ukucabanga okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ubuchopho benja abuhluke kangako ebuchosheni bomuntu.
Inja ibonisa kanjani ukubonga?
Lapho inja yakho igxuma phezulu naphansi, yenza umdanso ojabulisayo, futhi itshikizisa umsila wayo, ibonisa injabulo yayo engenamkhawulo. Uyakuthanda! Ukukhotha izandla, ukukhonkotha, nokuqhweba nakho kungaba wuphawu lokuthi umngane wakho onemilenze emine umkhumbule kangakanani othandiweyo wakhe.
Ingabe inja ingabukela i-TV?
Ngokuvamile, izilwane ezifuywayo njengezinja namakati zingabuka i-TV. Kodwa-ke, ungalindela ukusabela kuphela uma izithombe zikamabonakude bezithathwe ngendlela oyijwayele. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi kuboniswe izinto ezihambisana nabangani abanemilenze emine, njenge-conspecifics.