UMary Allen
Ukukhanya kubalulekile - kubantu njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo. Imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ye-metabolic ibangelwa uvithamini D. Ukukhanya kuphinde kuthinte inzalo konogwaja.
I-Animal Welfare Act ibeka ubuncane bemini bemvelo obuncane obuyi-15 lux. I-1 lux ihambisana nokukhanya kwekhandlela elivuthayo ebangeni lemitha elilodwa. Ngokugqama okunjalo, umlimi kusafanele akwazi ukufunda iphephandaba lansuku zonke. Kungcono nakakhulu ukuthi kube nokukhanya okuhlukene esibayeni ukuze izilwane zikwazi ukukhetha indawo eziyithandayo.
Ukukhanya kwasemini kuhle kakhulu kunomthombo wokukhanya wokwenziwa ngoba imisebe ye-ultraviolet ingabulala amagciwane. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-spectrum emisebe ye-UV engangena ngengilazi yefasitela. Igridi esikhundleni sefasitela kuhle kakhulu mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa.
Onogwaja izilwane crepuscular; emini bajwayele ukuphumula. Ngakho, inzwa yabo yokubona ibucayi kakhulu, kodwa basakudinga ukukhanya kwasemini ukuze bazizwe bekhululekile futhi bakwazi ukukhula kahle.
Ukukhanya Kuthuthukisa Ukusebenza
Umcwaningi waseJalimane u-Meike Schüddemage ufunde umthelela wokukhanya ekuzaleni kwabesifazane namabhakede. Uqhathanise imiphumela ngaphansi kokukhanya kwemvelo, amahora angu-8, nohlelo lokukhanya lwamahora angu-16 futhi waphetha:
- Izinga lokukhulelwa (= isilinganiso senani lokukhulelwa nokuzala noma ukweqa kwamabhakede) linganyuswa kancane kuphela ngokukhanya kokwenziwa.
- Ngokukhanya kokwenziwa okungamahora ayi-16, inani eliphakeme kakhulu lamaphuphu azalwa seliphelele lingafinyelelwa uma liqhathaniswa nokukhanya okwenziwa ngamahora ayisishiyagalombili; izilwane eziningi ezisencane nazo zalunyulwa ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya okwenziwa amahora angu-16.
- I-avareji yokumunca imvamisa bekuyizenzo zokuncela eziyi-1.14 ezinohlelo lokukhanya okufakelwayo lwamahora angu-16 kanye nezenzo zokuncela eziyi-1.41 ngohlelo lokukhanya lokwenziwa lwamahora angu-8.
Embikweni wakhe, u-Schuddemage waphawula ukuthi umsebenzi wokuncelisa onogwaja ulandela isigqi esikhethekile nokuthi ukushintsha kokukhanya kusuka kokukhanyayo kuya kokumnyama kunikeza umfutho wokuncelisa. Ngohlelo lokukhanya okuzenzela lwamahora angu-16, amaphesenti angu-28.1 azo zonke izenzo zokuncela zenzeka ngehora lokuqala ngemva kokuba ukukhanya kucishiwe. Imiphumela iphinde yaveza ukuthi ukuncela kwabasebancane kwenzeka kakhulu kusesigabeni esimnyama.
Ithonya lokukhanya liphinde libe nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi wocansi; ukwanda kobude bokukhanya kwemini entwasahlobo kubangele ukwanda komsebenzi wokugxuma ngamarandi.
Ingabe umthelela wesizini (izinga lokushisa nomswakama) uthinta imingcele yokuzala? Umswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa kukalwa eqenjini lonogwaja ngaphansi kwezimo ezingaguquki kanye namahora angu-14 okukhanya esikhathini esicishe sibe yiminyaka emibili ukuze kutholwe ukuthi lezi zici zinomthelela yini ekuvundeni.
Ukuzimisela ukuhlanganisa kubonise isifundo sesizini kuyo yomibili iminyaka yokuhlolwa. Amanani aphezulu afinyelelwa ngoFebhuwari ngamaphesenti angama-97.2, amanani aphansi ngoSepthemba. Amazinga aphezulu okukhulelwa nawo akalwa ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo zikaMashi no-April. Akukho ukuthonya kwesimo sezulu okuzinzile noma ukuncika kwesizini okunganqunywa ngosayizi kadoti namazinga okulahlekelwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isilwane ngasinye nezisindo zikadoti (ezilinganiswe kusayizi kadoti omaphakathi wesikhombisa) zibonise amanani angcono kakhulu engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka.
Kulezi zifundo, izinga lokukhulelwa kuphela elibonisa ukuncika okucacile ekushiseni okuzinzile; Ukuzimisela ukuzala kanye nezisindo zesilwane ngasinye kanye nezibi kubonise ukuthambekela kwesizini.
UKarl Weissenberger ubhala encwadini yakhe ethi “Reproduction and Breeding Procedures in Rabbit Breeding” ukuthi wonke umfuyi kufanele acabangele ukuthi angaletha kanjani izimo zokukhanya ezingcono ezitebeleni ngokuvamile ezimnyama ebusika. Kuyasiza ukwandisa izinsuku zasebusika ezifushane ngokukhanya okwanele; utusa ukwelula usuku ngokuzenzela lube ngamahora angu-14.
Onogwaja Babona Ukukhanya Ngokuhlukile
Kodwa qaphela! Ukukhanya akukhona nje ukukhanya. Njengoba ukushintshana kwethu kunemvamisa engu-50 Hz, ukukhanya kwethu kucwayiza ngefrikhwensi engu-50 Hz ngomzuzwana. Thina bantu asikuboni lokhu kucwayiza, kodwa onogwaja, abanemibono engcono kakhulu, babona ukukhanya njengokucwayiza. Amalambu e-DC angcono.
Ngaphezu kwezilwane, izitshalo zithembele ekukhanyeni okwanele. Bawudinga ukuze ukhiqize umoya-mpilo, nawo odingekayo ukuze akhe izakhamzimba eziwudingayo ukuze akhule. Ibizwa nge-photosynthesis. Isebenza kumaseli ezitshalo nge-chlorophyll, i-pigment yeqabunga eliluhlaza. Ngobukhona bokukhanya kwelanga, amanzi, kanye ne-carbon dioxide, ushukela wamagilebhisi (iglucose) kanye nomoya-mpilo kuyakhiqizwa. Le glucose ingacutshungulwa ibe isitashi.
Ngakho-ke i-photosynthesis ibalulekile ukuze kube nokudla okwanele okutholakalayo kwezilwane zethu nsuku zonke. Ososayensi abahlukahlukene bafuna ukuxazulula umbuzo wamandla ngezimiso ezifanayo nalezo ze-photosynthesis. Ososayensi emhlabeni wonke bacwaninga amangqamuzana elanga alingisa i-photosynthesis yezitshalo futhi akhiqize izinto zokubasa zokwenziwa njenge-hydrogen ephuma elangeni nasemanzini. Abacwaningi be-Empa benze imodeli yeseli ye-photoelectrochemical esweni lebhu futhi ngalokho bakhuphula kakhulu isivuno sokukhanya (umthombo: ee-news, June 2014).
I-photosynthesis incike ezicini ezinjengokukhanya, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, umoya ohlanzekile onesikhutha, namanzi anele. Ngaphandle kokukodwa, lezi zici nazo zibalulekile ekufuyelweni kwemfuyo ngempumelelo; kuphela ukuthi esikhundleni se-carbon dioxide kufanele kube nomoya-mpilo owanele.
IZizwe Ezihlangene zisanda kumemezela u-2015 “njengonyaka Wokukhanya Womhlaba Wonke”; futhi ithuba lokubhekana nesihloko sokusimama.