UMary Allen
Intshayelelo: Ukuqonda i-Bat Behaviour
Amalulwane zizidalwa ezibangel’ umdla eziye zabangela umdla ebantwini kangangeenkulungwane. Zizo kuphela izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezikwaziyo ukubhabha ngokuzinzileyo, kwaye imikhwa yazo yasebusuku kunye nobuchule bazo bokuphefumla buzenza zibe ntsokothile ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwendalo yabo engaqondakaliyo, kuninzi ekufuneka kufundwe malunga nokuziphatha kwamalulwane, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kunxibelelwano lwabo nezinye izilwanyana. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga umbuzo wokuba ingaba ilulwane lingahlasela umvundla, kwaye sijonge izinto ezahlukeneyo ezenzekayo kwimeko enjalo.
Amalulwane kunye nexhoba lawo: Zizingela ntoni?
Amalulwane zizidalwa ezitya inyama, yaye atya iindidi ezininzi zezilwanyana. Ezinye iindidi zamalulwane zitya izinambuzane kuphela, ngoxa ezinye zizingela izilwanyana ezincinane ezanyisayo, iintaka, iintlanzi kwanamanye amalulwane. Uhlobo lwexhoba elijoliswa lilulwane luxhomekeke kubukhulu balo, indawo elihlala kuyo, nendlela elizingela ngayo. Umzekelo, amalulwane amakhulu afana nempungutye ephaphazelayo ebonwa ngamehlo athanda ukuzingela iziqhamo, ngelixa amalulwane amancinci njenge pipistrelle eqhelekileyo esondla izinambuzane. Ngokubanzi, amalulwane ngabazingeli abanomdla, kwaye aya kulandela naliphi na ixhoba elikhoyo kwindawo akuyo.
Indawo yoMvundla kwikhonkco lokutya
Imivundla zizilwanyana ezitya utyani, kwaye zithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco lokutya. Amaxhoba ezilwanyana ezininzi, kuquka iimpungutye, iingcuka, iintaka ezidla inyama, kwaneekati zasekhaya. Imivundla iye yatshintsha inani lokuziqhelanisa ukuyinceda ukuba ingabanjwa ngamarhamncwa. Oku kuquka isantya nokukhawuleza kwawo, kwanezivamvo zawo ezibalaseleyo zokuva nokujoja. Ukongeza, imivundla yaziwa ngokukwazi ukugrumba phantsi komhlaba, nto leyo ebonelela ngendawo ekhuselekileyo yokuzimela kumarhamncwa.
Ukuzingela Ixhoba: Indlela Amalulwane asifumana ngayo Isidlo sawo
Amalulwane asebenzisa i-echolocation ukuze afumane ixhoba lawo, ekhupha izandi eziphezulu ezitsiba izinto ezikummandla wawo aze abuyele kuzo njengeechoes. Oku kubavumela ukuba "babone" ebumnyameni, kwaye bachaze indawo yexhoba labo ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo. Kwakhona amalulwane aneendlebe ezibalaseleyo, nto leyo ewanceda ukuba abone izandi ezenziwa lixhoba lawo njengoko ehamba emoyeni okanye emhlabeni. Emva kokuba ilulwane lifumene ixhoba lalo, liya kuphaphatheka lize liyibambe ngamazinyo alo abukhali neenzipho.
Uhlaselo Lwelulwane: Kwenzeka Njani
Amalulwane adla ngokuhlasela ixhoba lawo ngokuthi abhabhe ukusuka phezulu, esebenzisa amaphiko kunye neenzipho zawo ukuze asibambe isilwanyana. Zisenokusebenzisa amazinyo ukuluma nokubulala amaxhoba azo. Uhlaselo ludla ngokuba msinya kwaye luthule, nto leyo evumela ilulwane ukuba libambe ixhoba lalo lingalindelanga. Emva kokuba ixhoba loyisiwe, ilulwane liya kulithwala liyise kwindawo ekhuselekileyo apho linokutya khona ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Ukukhuselwa koMvundla: Baziphepha Njani Iintshaba
Imivundla ineendlela ezininzi zokuzikhusela eziyinceda ukuba ingabanjwa ngamarhamncwa. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kukukhawuleza kunye nokukhawuleza kwazo. Imivundla iyakwazi ukubaleka ngesantya esingange 45 yeemayile ngeyure, nto leyo eyenza kubenzima ukuba amarhamncwa ayibambe. Ukongeza, imivundla inemilenze yangemva eyomeleleyo eyivumela ukuba itsibe imigama emide, inceda ukubaleka engozini. Imivundla ikwanazo izivamvo zokuva kunye nokujoja, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ikwazi ukubona izilwanyana ezizingelayo zimgama.
UMvundla vs. Ilulwane: Ngubani ophuma ePhezulu?
Kungquzulwano phakathi komvundla nelulwane, kunzima ukutsho ukuba ngubani oza kuphuma phambili. Amalulwane ayakhawuleza kwaye akhawuleza, kwaye aneenzipho namazinyo abukhali anokwenza umonakalo omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, imivundla nayo iyakhawuleza kwaye iyakhawuleza, kwaye ineendlela ezininzi zokuzikhusela ezinokuthi ziyincede ukuba ingabanjwa. Ekugqibeleni, umphumo wongquzulwano olunjalo uya kuxhomekeka kwizinto eziliqela, kuquka ubungakanani nokomelela kwezilwanyana ezibandakanyekileyo, kwakunye neemeko ezithile eziye zadibana nazo.
Indima Yezitshabalalisi kwi-Ecosystems
Amarhamncwa adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ulungelelwaniso lwenkqubo yendalo. Ngokuzingela nokubulala amaxhoba, anceda ekulawuleni amanani abantu kwaye athintele ukutyiswa kwamadlelo ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukwanda kwabemi. Kwangaxeshanye, izilwanyana ezizingelayo kufuneka zilumke zingazingeli kakhulu, njengoko oku kunokukhokelela ekutshabalaleni kweentlobo ezithile zezilwanyana. Ukongeza, ubukho bezilwanyana ezizingelayo bunokuphembelela indlela ezinye izilwanyana eziziphethe ngayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ziqhelane kwaye ziguquke ngokuphendula isoyikiso sokuhlaselwa.
Ukuhlalisana endle: Ubudlelwane boMvundla kunye neLulwane
Endle, imivundla namalulwane ayakwazi ukuhlala ngoxolo, nangona amalulwane angamaxhoba emivundla. Oku kungenxa yokuba ahlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwi-ecosystem, kunye nemivundla etya izityalo kunye namalulwane atya izilwanyana. Ukongeza, imivundla ineendlela ezininzi zokuzikhusela ezibanceda ukuba bangabanjwa ngamarhamncwa, ngelixa amalulwane enoluhlu olubanzi lwamaxhoba anokukhetha kuwo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukhuphiswano oluncinci phakathi kwemivundla kunye namalulwane, kwaye bayakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kongquzulwano.
Ukuqukumbela: Ukuntsonkotha kweNtsebenziswano yeNdalo
Umbuzo wokuba ilulwane lingahlasela umvundla unzima, kwaye impendulo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Amalulwane ngabazingeli abangenelelayo abaza kulandela naliphi na ixhoba elikhoyo kwindawo abakuyo, lo gama imivundla ineendlela ezininzi zokuzikhusela ezibanceda ukuba bangabanjwa. Ekugqibeleni, isiphumo songquzulwano phakathi komvundla kunye nelulwane siya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa ubungakanani namandla ezilwanyana ezibandakanyekayo, kunye neemeko ezithile zokudibana. Endle, imivundla namalulwane bayakwazi ukuhlalisana ngoxolo, beqaqambisa ukuntsonkotha kobudlelwane bendalo kunye nokubaluleka kokugcina ulungelelwano oluthambileyo phakathi kwezilwanyana ezizingelayo kunye namaxhoba.