UMary Allen
Zombini iimbovane ezibomvu nezimnyama ziyaluma. Kodwa inani le-asidi ye-formic ekhutshwe yizintuthwane ezimnyama azinakwa kwaye ngoko azibonakali. Kodwa iimbovane ezibomvu zikhupha isixa esikhulu se-asidi ye-formic ekulumeni kwazo kwaye ke zinika iintlungu ezingakumbi, ukudumba, kunye nobubomvu.
Kutheni iimbovane ezibomvu ziluma?
Aba bahlalutyi batshiza i-asidi ye-formic endaweni yoko. Oku kunenzuzo yokuba banokuzikhusela kumgama othile. Xa i-asidi ingena kumanxeba, ayikhululeki ngokukodwa.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweimbovane ezibomvu nezimnyama?
Iimbovane ezibomvu ziyabaphepha abantu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imbovane emnyama yasegadini (iLasius niger) ineengxaki ezimbalwa zokwakha iindlwane zayo phantsi kwendlela egangathiweyo yethafa okanye iindlela zegadi ize izijike zibe ziingozi eziyingozi zokukhubeka.
Ngaba iimbovane ezibomvu zingaluma?
Kwelinye icala, eyona mbovane eyaziwa ngcono kakhulu, iyaluma. Iimbovane ezisikwa ngamagqabi zineendawo zomlomo ezinamandla ezinokuthi zilume kabuhlungu ngazo. Zombini - zombini ukuhlaba kunye nokuluma - azikho mnandi kakhulu.
Ngaba iimbovane ezimnyama zingaluma?
Iimbovane ezimnyama eziqhelekileyo onokuzifumana kuyo yonke indawo ziluma nje. Ukuluma kusenokubabomvu kwaye kurhawuzelelwe kancinci, kodwa kuya kuphola ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba udibana nezintuthwane zomthi obomvu, ukulunywa kubuhlungu ngakumbi. Ezi zinambuzane zigalela ityhefu ebizwa ngokuba yityhefu yembovane kwindawo ezilunywa kuyo.
Zeziphi iimbovane ezinokuluma?
Iimbovane zinokuluma imihlathi yazo (mandibles). Kuphela ngamalungu eembovane zesikali se-subfamily - kubandakanywa iimbovane zomthi, iimbovane zendlela, iimbovane zokuchwela - zitofa imfihlo enetyhefu kumhlaseli, mhlawumbi kumgama okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokulunywa.
Ziyingozi kangakanani iimbovane ezibomvu?
Iimbovane zomthi obomvu ziyaluma. Iimbovane zasegadini ezincinci ezibomvu ziyahlaba. Ukulunywa kunye nokuhlatywa kubuhlungu kodwa akuyongozi.
Ngaba Iimbovane Ezibomvu Zinokubabulala Abantu?
Xa ihlasela, imbovane encinane ihlasela ngokudibanisa imihlathi kunye netyhefu ehlaba esiswini. Uqala ngokuluma ulusu aze agalele ityhefu yakhe kwinxeba eliphumela kulo. Uninzi lwezi hlaselo lwenzeka ngamaxesha amafutshane ukusuka kwenye.
Kutheni imbovane iluma ibuhlungu?
Kodwa akuphelelanga apho, kuba imbovane ebomvu iyaluma kuqala ize igalele iasidi yefom enxebeni ngesisu sayo. Kwaye loo nto itshisa inxeba. Unokuyihlamba i-asidi ye-formic ngamanzi acocekileyo.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa ulunywe yimbovane ebomvu?
Imbovane yomlilo idla ngokubangela intlungu ekhawulezileyo kunye nokudumba okubomvu okunyamalalayo kwimizuzu engama-45. Idyunguza liye lenzeke, eligqabhuka phakathi kweentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3, nto leyo edla ngokukhokelela kusulelo.
Ngaba iimbovane ezibomvu ziluncedo?
Imbovane yomthi obomvu, ebonakala kuphela kwiigadi ezinomgca womthi, iluncedo. Itya imibungu yezinambuzane. Ekubeni iqinisekisa ibhalansi yebhayoloji, iphantsi kokhuseleko lwendalo. Imbovane emnyama-ngwevu okanye emthubi (Lasius) ihlala kwindawo yemifuno.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa imbovane engukumkanikazi ikuluma?
Ekuqaleni, ubuthi bubangela ukuvutha, ukuvuvukala, kunye neentlungu kwindawo yokuluma. Nangona kunjalo, iindawo ezihlabayo zinokukhula zibe ngamadyungudyungu (amadyungudyungu azaliswe bubofu) anokuhlala kangangeeveki ezimbalwa. Ubuthi bembovane bubangela ukufa kweeseli endaweni, kwaye iipustules zisisiphumo senkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ekucoceni inkunkuma yeeseli.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweimbovane ezibomvu kunye nembovane emnyama?
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweimbovane ezimnyama kunye nembovane ebomvu? Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweembovane ezibomvu kunye neembovane ezimnyama ngumbala wazo. Imbovane ebomvu yenye nje yohlobo olukhulu, ngoxa kukho iindidi zembovane ezimnyama ezingama-24. Imbovane ebomvu iba ndlongondlongo kwixhoba, ikhupha ityhefu ebuhlungu kakhulu xa iluma.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kweimbovane zomlilo kunye neembovane ezibomvu?
Owona mahluko mkhulu phakathi kweimbovane ezibomvu kunye neembovane zomlilo kukuba iimbovane ezibomvu ziimbovane ezinombala omdaka okhanyayo ngelixa iimbovane zomlilo ziziimbovane ezihlabayo ezizezohlobo lweSolenopsis. Iimbovane zomlilo ziquka iimbovane ezibomvu ngokunjalo. Iimbovane ezibomvu kunye neembovane zomlilo liqela leembovane ezindlongondlongo.
Kutheni iimbovane ezimnyama zingalumi?
Xa iimbovane zendlu emnyama ziluma, zikwenza oko ukuze zikhusele iindlwane zazo kwizisongelo kwaye zibagcine kude abahlaseli. Azikho ndlongondlongo kwaye aziyi kuluma abantu ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ukulunywa kwembovane yomchweli akukho buhlungu kwaye kuyingozi kuba ayikhuphi nabuphi na ubuthi obuyityhefu.
Kutheni iimbovane ezibomvu zindlongondlongo?
Iimbovane zomlilo ziba ndlongondlongo kakhulu xa indlwane yazo iphazamisekile. Ukuba zicatshukisiwe, zinyakazela kulowo zicingelwayo ukuba zingenelele, zizibophelele ngokuluma ukuze zibambe ulusu luzinzile, zize zihlabe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, zitofa ityhefu ye-alkaloid enetyhefu ebizwa ngokuba yi-solenopsin. Sibhekisela kwesi senzo ngokuthi "ukuhlaba."