UMary Allen
Intshayelelo: Kutheni ungawacholi amasele nje?
Amasele zizidalwa ezibangel’ umdla eziye zathimba ingqalelo yabantu kangangeenkulungwane. Inkangeleko yabo ekhethekileyo, indlela abaziphatha ngayo, kunye nokucula kwabo kubenza babe sesona silwanyana saziwayo nesithandwayo ehlabathini. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle komtsalane wabo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba amasele awazozilwanyana zasekhaya kwaye akufanele athathwe okanye aphathwe ngaphandle kolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nezilumkiso.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba ingelombono ilungileyo ukuchola amasele. Okokuqala, ulusu lwabo lubuthathaka kakhulu kwaye lubuthathaka, kwaye ukubabamba kunokubangela ingozi enkulu. Okwesibini, ezinye iintlobo zamasele ziyityhefu kwaye zinokukhupha iikhemikhali eziyingozi xa zisongelwa, ezinokuba yingozi okanye zide zibulale abantu. Ukongezelela, ukuphatha amasele kunokuwabangela uxinezeleko aze wonakalise impilo yawo, aphazamise indawo yawo yokuhlala nendalo yawo, ade aphule nemithetho esemthethweni. Ukuphepha ezi ziphumo zibi kwaye uhloniphe impilo-ntle yezi zidalwa zimangalisayo, kubalulekile ukufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-anatomy yazo, ukuziphatha kunye nokugcinwa kwazo.
I-Frog anatomy: Ukuqonda ulusu lwabo oluthambileyo
Amasele anesimo esingaqhelekanga nesintsokothileyo esiwavumela ukuba aphile emhlabeni nasemanzini. Olunye lweempawu ezibalaseleyo emizimbeni yazo lulusu lwazo olubhityileyo, olufumileyo nolungena lula. Oku kuthetha ukuba amasele ayakwazi ukufunxa amanzi, ioksijini, kunye nezinye izinto ngolusu lwawo, kodwa asesichengeni sokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni nakungcoliseko. Ulusu lwazo lugqunywe yincindi kunye ne-slime, oluzinceda ukuba zihlale zifumile kwaye zityibilika, kwaye zizikhusela kumarhamncwa nakwizifunxi-gazi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwenza ulusu lwabo lube buthathaka kakhulu xa luphathwa, iikhemikhali kunye neentsholongwane.
Xa abantu bebamba amasele, banokuthumela ioli, izinto zokuthambisa, okanye ezinye izinto ezisuka kulusu zabo bazise eluswini lwesele, nto leyo enokuphazamisana nokhuselo lwendalo lwalo ize ibabeke esichengeni sezifo okanye izifo. Ngokufanayo, amasele anokufunxa izinto eziyingozi emanzini, emhlabeni, okanye emoyeni ongcolileyo, ezinokuqokelelana emizimbeni yawo zize zichaphazele impilo yawo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukunqanda ukuphatha amasele, okanye ukusebenzisa iiglavu okanye ilaphu elimanzi ukuba kukho imfuneko, kunye nokunciphisa ukudibana kwabantu nendawo abahlala kuyo. Ngokuhlonela ulusu lwabo oluethe-ethe, sinokunceda ukulondoloza indima yabo kwindalo kunye nokuthintela ingozi ebingalindelekanga.
Iityhefu zamasele: Iingozi zokuphatha iintlobo ezithile
Nangona amasele amaninzi engenabungozi kwaye engeyongozi ebantwini, ezinye iintlobo zinetyhefu kwaye zinokukhupha iikhemikhali ezinamandla xa zicatshukiswa okanye zisongelwa. Ezi tyhefu, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-alkaloids, zinokubangela uluhlu lweempawu ebantwini, ukusuka ekucaphukeleni ulusu ukuya kukukhubazeka okanye ukufa. Olona hlobo ludumileyo lwamasele anetyhefu ngamasele anetyhefu anemibala eqaqambileyo akuMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika, awayedla ngokusetyenziswa zizizwe zomthonyama ukwenza ityhefu yezibhamu zazo. Noko ke, ezinye iindidi ezininzi zamasele zikwavelisa ityhefu enjengamasele emithi, amasele e<em>mantella namasele omoba.
Nokuba isele alinatyhefu, ukuyiphatha kusenokuba yingozi kwimpilo nakwintlalontle yayo. Ngokomzekelo, amasele anokucinezeleka okanye aphazamiseke xa ephathwa, nto leyo enokuchaphazela amajoni omzimba, inkqubo yemetabolism, kunye nokuziphatha. Basenokuphulukana ne-slime okanye iiseli zolusu ezikhuselayo, ezinokubenza babe sesichengeni ngakumbi kwizifo, amarhamncwa, okanye ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuphepha ukuphatha amasele kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ufunde indlela yokuchonga nokuphepha iintlobo ezinetyhefu. Ngokuhlonela ubutyhefu bazo, sinokubuxabisa ubuhle bazo bendalo kunye nokwahluka kwazo ngaphandle kokuzibeka esichengeni thina okanye abanye.
Uxinzelelo lwesele: Ukuphatha kungonakalisa njani impilo yabo
Amasele azizilwanyana ezibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye eziguquguqukayo ezinokuphila kwindawo ebanzi, ukusuka kumahlathi ashinyeneyo ukuya kwiintlango kunye neentaba. Nangona kunjalo, basesichengeni soxinzelelo, olunokuthi luchaphazele i-physiology yabo, indlela yokuziphatha kunye nokusinda. Uxinezeleko lunokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengokutshintsha kwemekobume, ukuhlaselwa, izifo, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwabantu. Xa amasele egxininisekile, angabonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukunyanzeliswa kwemisipha, ukunciphisa ukutya, okanye ubuthathaka amajoni omzimba.
Ukuphatha amasele yenye yezona zinto zibangela uxinzelelo kwezi zilwanyana, ngakumbi ukuba zenziwe ngokungafanelekanga okanye ngokugqithisileyo. Xa abantu bechola amasele, basenokuwakhama, bawawise, okanye bawabeke esichengeni sokukhanya okuqaqambileyo okanye ingxolo enkulu, enokubangela ukusabela koxinzelelo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekulimaleni ngokomzimba, njengamathambo aphukileyo okanye izitho eziqhekekileyo, okanye ukwenzakala kwengqondo, njengokuxhalaba okanye ukudandatheka. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphatha amasele kunokuphazamisa indlela aziphatha ngayo, njengokuzondla, ukukhwelana, okanye ukufukama, nto leyo enokuba nemiphumo ehlala ixesha elide yokuphila nokuzala kwawo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwabantu kumasele, kwaye uwajonge umgama okhuselekileyo, usebenzisa ibhayinotyhulari okanye iikhamera ukuba kunokwenzeka. Ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwabo, sinokubanceda baphumelele kwindawo abahlala kuyo kwaye bafake isandla kwimpilo ye-ecosystem.
Indawo yokuhlala yamasele: Ukubaluleka kokuwashiya kwindawo yawo
Amasele ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yendalo, apho adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni izinambuzane, ekusasazeni imbewu nasekulungiseleleni ukutya kwezinye izilwanyana. Bakwanceda ukugcina ulungelelwaniso lwamanzi kunye nomjikelo wezondlo, kwaye banegalelo kwiyantlukwano yendalo kunye nokomelela kwendawo abahlala kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu babo baphantsi kwesisongelo sezinto ezahlukeneyo ezenziwa ngabantu, ezinjengokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala, ungcoliseko, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye nokuxhaphazwa ngokugqithisileyo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukukhusela kunye nokugcina indawo yabo yokuhlala, kunye nokuphepha ukuphazamisa ukuziphatha kwabo kwendalo kunye nokusebenzisana.
Enye yezona ndlela zilula nezisebenzayo zokukhusela amasele kukuwashiya kwindawo yawo kwaye uphephe ukuphazamisa indawo yawo yokuhlala. Oku kuthetha ukuyeka ukuzichola, ukuzihambisa, okanye ukutshintsha indawo ezingqongileyo. Kukwathetha ukuphepha izinto ezinokuthi zonakalise indawo abahlala kuyo, enjengokucoca umhlaba, ukusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane okanye izichumisi, okanye ukungenisa iintlobo ezihlaselayo. Ngokuhlonela indawo ezihlala kuzo, sinokunceda ukugcina izinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo kunye nemisebenzi ye-ikholoji ye-ecosystem, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusinda kwezi zidalwa zinomdla.
Amasele amarhamncwa: Ukuphatha kuyiphazamisa njani inkqubo yendalo
Amasele azizidalwa ezininzi ezizingelayo, njengeenyoka, iintaka, iintlanzi kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Baye bavelisa ulungelelwaniso olwahlukeneyo ukunqanda ukubhaqwa nokubanjwa, njengokufihla, imibala elumkisayo, kunye nokukwazi ukutsiba. Noko ke, abantu banokwenza njengabaxhaphazi bamasele, mhlawumbi ngabom okanye bengaqondanga. Umzekelo, abanye abantu babamba amasele ukuze bawatye, izilwanyana zasekhaya, okanye uphando lwenzululwazi, ngelixa abanye banokunyathela kuwo ngempazamo, bawabaleke, okanye batyhefe indawo abahlala kuyo.
Ukuphatha amasele nako kunokuphazamisa ulungelelwaniso lwendalo lwe-ikhosistim ngokuguqula ubudlelwane bexhoba kunye ne-webs yokutya. Xa abantu bewasusa okanye bewafudusa amasele kwindawo abahlala kuyo, banokuwachanaba kumarhamncwa amatsha okanye abo bakhuphisana nabo, okanye babavimbe ukutya abo bawadlayo. Oku kunokubangela i-cascade effect echaphazela lonke ikhonkco lokutya, ukusuka kwizinambuzane ukuya kwiintaka ukuya kwizilwanyana ezincancisayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphatha amasele kusenokuzisa izifo ezitsha okanye izifunxi-gazi kwi-ikhosistim, ezinokwenzakalisa ezinye izilwanyana okanye izityalo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukunqanda ukuphatha amasele kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye uhloniphe indima yawo kwi-ecosystem. Ngokugcina ubudlelwane babo bendalo, sinokunceda ukugcina impilo kunye nozinzo lwe-ecosystem, kwaye siqinisekise ukusinda kwabo bonke abemi bayo.
Ukukhuselwa kwamasele: Imigaqo yomthetho yokuphatha amasele
Amasele akhuselwe yimithetho nemimiselo eyahlukeneyo ejolise ekulondolozeni abemi bawo kunye nokuthintela ukuxhaphazwa okanye ukwenzakala kwabo. Le mithetho iyohluka ngokuxhomekeke kwilizwe, ummandla, okanye uhlobo, kwaye inokuquka izithintelo ekuzingeleni, urhwebo, ukufumana, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwamasele. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho mthethweni ukubamba okanye ukuphatha amasele ngaphandle kweemvume ezifanelekileyo okanye iilayisensi, okanye ukuwathengisa okanye ukuwahambisa ngaphaya kwemida. Ukwaphula le mithetho kunokukhokelela kwisohlwayo, ukuvalelwa entolongweni, okanye ezinye izohlwayo, kwaye kusenokwenzakalisa iinzame zokulondoloza ezi zilwanyana.
Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukwazi kwaye ulandele imimiselo esemthethweni yokuphatha amasele kwindawo yakho, kunye nokuxela nayiphi na imisebenzi engekho mthethweni okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ungabonisana nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni, imibutho yolondolozo, okanye abaphandi benzululwazi ukufunda ngakumbi ngemithetho ethile kunye nezikhokelo ezisebenzayo kwimeko yakho. Ngokuhlonipha ukhuseleko olusemthethweni lwamasele, sinokuba negalelo kulondolozo lwawo kwaye sikhuthaze ukuziphatha okunenkathalo kwindalo.
Ezinye iindlela zamasele: Iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokuziqwalasela nokuzifundela
Ngelixa kungacebisekanga ukuba uchole okanye uphathe amasele, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezikhuselekileyo nezisesikweni zokuziqwalasela nokuzifundela kwindawo yazo yendalo. Enye yezona ndlela zilungileyo kukusebenzisa ibhayinotyhulayi okanye iikhamera, ezinokukuvumela ukuba ujonge ngakumbi indlela yokuziphatha kunye nenkangeleko yazo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa. Unokuphulaphula amazwi abo, anokubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga neentlobo zabo, isondo kunye nendawo. Ukongeza, unokuthatha inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi zesayensi yabemi, ezinje ngokujonga isele okanye uphononongo, olunokunceda izazinzulu ziqokelele idatha malunga nabemi kunye nokuhanjiswa kwazo.
Ukuba ufuna ukuphatha amasele ngeenjongo zophando lwezenzululwazi okanye ulondolozo, kubalulekile ukulandela imigaqo engqongqo kunye nezikhokelo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokwenzakala. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-anesthesia, izixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane, okanye ukunciphisa ubude kunye nobuninzi bokuphatha. Ungaphinda udibane neengcaphephe zeli candelo ukuze ufunde ezona zenzo kunye nobuchule bokuphatha amasele. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezikhuselekileyo nezinenkathalo zokujonga nokufunda amasele, sinokuba negalelo kulondolozo lwawo nolwazi malunga nendalo nokuziphatha kwawo.
Ulondolozo lwamasele: Ukubaluleka kokugcina abemi bawo
Amasele ajongene nezoyikiso ezininzi kubomi bawo, ukusuka ekulahlekeni kwendawo yokuhlala ukuya kutshintsho lwemozulu ukuya ekuqhambukeni kwezifo. Iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo ziyancipha okanye zisengozini, kwaye ezinye sele ziphelile. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili ulondolozo nokhuseleko lwazo, kwaye kuthathwe amanyathelo ahlangeneyo ukulungisa oonobangela bokwehla kwazo.
Zininzi iindlela zokufaka igalelo kulondolozo lwamasele, ezinjengokuxhasa imibutho yolondolozo, ukuxhasa iinguqu kumgaqo-nkqubo, ukunciphisa indawo ekhoyo yezinto eziphilayo nendawo eziphila kuyo, okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi zenzululwazi yabemi. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezoyikiso ezithile kunye nemiceli mngeni ajongene nayo amasele kwindawo yakho, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okunciphisa okanye ukuwathintela. Umzekelo, unokukuphepha ukusebenzisa amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi okanye izichumisi ezinokwenzakalisa indawo abahlala kuyo, okanye uthathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokubuyiselwa kweendawo zokuhlala ezinokuphucula iimeko zabo zokuhlala.
Ngokusebenza kunye ukuze silondoloze amasele, asinakukhusela kuphela ezi zidalwa zimangalisayo, kodwa kunye ne-ecosystem yonke kunye neenkonzo ezinikezelayo ebantwini. Amasele ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yewebhu yobomi, kwaye ukugcinwa kwawo kubalulekile kwimpilo nakwintlalontle yesi sijikelezi-langa sethu.