UMary Allen
Zeziphi iintlanzi ezihamba phantsi kolwandle?
Kukho iindidi ezininzi zeentlanzi ezaziwa ngokukwazi ukuhamba emazantsi olwandle. Ezi ntlanzi zaziwa ngokudibeneyo njengeentlanzi ezihlala ezantsi, kwaye zifumaneka phantse kulo lonke ulwandle nolwandle emhlabeni jikelele. Iintlanzi ezihlala ezantsi ziye zavelisa isethi ekhethekileyo yokulungelelanisa ezivumela ukuba zihambe kwindawo enzima kwaye zihlala zinenkohliso ezifumaneka kumgangatho wolwandle.
Yintoni iintlanzi ezihlala emazantsi?
Iintlanzi ezihlala emazantsi, njengoko negama libonisa, ziintlanzi ezihlala emazantsi olwandle okanye kufuphi nawo. Zikwabizwa ngokuba ziintlanzi ze-demersal, kwaye zihlala zifumaneka kumanzi angekho nzulu okanye ecaleni kweshelufu yelizwekazi. Iintlanzi ezihlala emazantsi ziqhelana nobomi obuphantsi kolwandle, apho zizingela amaxhoba, ziwaphepha amarhamncwa, zize zikhuphisane ngobutyebi.
Iimpawu zeentlanzi ezihlala phantsi
Iintlanzi ezihlala ezantsi zineempawu ezininzi ezizenza zahluke kwezinye iindidi zeentlanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisicaba okanye zinde ngokwemilo, ezivumela ukuba zihambe ngokulula kumgangatho wolwandle. Kananjalo banamaphiko aqinileyo, anezihlunu abawasebenzisela ukuziqhubela phambili kwaye baqhube kumacala ahlukeneyo. Iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi ezihlala emazantsi nazo ziyakwazi ukuzifihla ukuze zidibane nendawo ezikuyo, nto leyo ebanceda baphephe amarhamncwa.
Iintlobo zeentlanzi ezihlala phantsi
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi ezihlala phantsi ezifumaneka kwiilwandle kunye neelwandle zehlabathi. Ezinye zezona ziqhelekileyo ziquka i-flounder, i-halibut, i-sole, kunye ne-stingrays. Ezinye iintlobo zeentlanzi ezihlala ezantsi ziquka i-skates, i-eels, kunye ne-anglerfish. Uhlobo ngalunye lweentlanzi ezihlala phantsi lunesethi yalo ekhethekileyo yokulungelelanisa kunye nokuziphatha okuvumela ukuba iphile kwindawo yayo ethile.
Ukuziphatha okuhambayo kwabahlali abaphantsi
Iintlanzi ezihlala emazantsi ziyaziwa ngokukwazi ukuhamba emazantsi olwandle. Oku kuziphatha kuphunyezwa ngokuqubha, ukukhasa, kunye nokutsiba-tsiba. Iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi ezihlala emazantsi zisebenzisa amaphiko azo omeleleyo ukuzityhala emgangathweni wolwandle, ngelixa ezinye zisebenzisa izihlunu zazo ukukhasa okanye ukutsiba imigama emifutshane. Ezinye iintlanzi ezihlala ezantsi ziyakwazi “ukubhabha” ecaleni komgangatho wolwandle umgama omfutshane ngokubetha amaphiko azo.
Zihamba njani iintlanzi ezihlala emazantsi?
Iintlanzi ezihlala ezantsi zihamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwindlela eziziqhelanisa ngayo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ezinye iintlanzi zisebenzisa amaphiko azo ukudada phantsi kolwandle, ngelixa ezinye zisebenzisa izihlunu zazo ukukhasa okanye ukutsibatsiba. Ezinye iintlobo zeentlanzi ezihlala ezantsi ziyakwazi ukuzingcwaba entlabathini okanye eludakeni kwaye zilinde ixhoba ukuba lifike kuzo. Abanye bayakwazi ukuqubha imigama emifutshane ngaphezu komgangatho wolwandle ngaphambi kokuba bazinze.
Ukulungelelaniswa kweentlanzi ezihlala phantsi
Iintlanzi ezihlala ezantsi ziye zavelisa isethi ekhethekileyo yokulungelelanisa ezivumela ukuba ziphile kwindawo yazo ethile. Olunye kolu hlengahlengiso lubandakanya imizimba esicaba okanye emide ukuze kube lula ukuhamba emgangathweni wolwandle, amaphiko omeleleyo okuqhubeleka nokuqhuba, kunye nokuzifihla ukuphepha amarhamncwa. Iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi ezihlala phantsi ziyakwazi ukuphefumula umoya, ezivumela ukuba ziphile kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo ze-oxygen.
Kutheni iintlanzi zihamba phantsi elwandle?
Iintlanzi ezihlala ezantsi zihamba kumgangatho wolwandle ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Abanye basebenzisa le ndlela yokuziphatha ukuzingela ixhoba, ngelixa abanye beyisebenzisa ukuphepha amarhamncwa okanye ukukhuphisana ngezibonelelo. Ukuhamba emgangathweni wolwandle kuvumela iintlanzi ezihlala ezantsi ukuba zihlole indawo yazo kwaye zifumane iindawo zokuhlala ezintsha.
Zeziphi iindawo zokuhlala ezikhethwa ziintlanzi ezihlala emazantsi?
Iintlanzi ezihlala emazantsi zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala, kuquka iingqaqa ezinamatye, iiflethi zesanti, kunye neingqaqa zekorale. Ezinye iintlobo zeentlanzi ezihlala phantsi zikhetha amanzi angekho nzulu, ngelixa ezinye zifumaneka kwiindawo ezinzulu. Iintlanzi ezininzi ezihlala emazantsi nazo ziyakwazi ukuphila kumanzi anebrackish, apho kuxutywa amanzi acwengileyo kunye netyuwa.
Ukubaluleka kweentlanzi ezihlala phantsi
Iintlanzi ezihlala emazantsi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo zaselwandle. Zingumthombo ophambili wokutya kwizilwanyana ezininzi ezizingelayo, kuquka nabantu. Bakwanceda ukugcina impilo ye-coral reefs kunye nezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo zaselwandle ngokulawula abemi bezinye iintlobo.
Izoyikiso kwiintlanzi ezihlala phantsi
Iintlanzi ezihlala emazantsi ziphantsi kwesisongelo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezenziwa ngabantu, kuquka ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala, kunye nongcoliseko. Iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi ezihlala emazantsi nazo zibanjiswa ngengozi kwiminatha yokuloba, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekwehleni kwabantu.
Iinzame zolondolozo lweentlanzi ezihlala emazantsi
Iinzame zolondolozo lweentlanzi ezihlala emazantsi ziquka ukusekwa kweendawo ezikhuselweyo zaselwandle, izabelo zokuloba, nokusetyenziswa kweendlela zokuloba ezizinzileyo. Iinzame zokunciphisa ungcoliseko nokukhusela iindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekileyo nazo zibalulekile ukuze ziphile ixesha elide iintlanzi ezihlala emazantsi. Ngokukhusela ezi ntlobo zibalulekileyo, sinokunceda ukuqinisekisa impilo kunye nokuzinza kweelwandle zethu kunye neelwandle.