Zeziphi iintlanzi ezinokuphefumla ngaphandle kwamanzi?

Intshayelelo: Ihlabathi Elinomtsalane Leentlanzi

Iintlanzi lelinye lawona maqela ahlukeneyo ezilwanyana emhlabeni, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-34,000 ezichongiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Zinokufumaneka phantse kuyo yonke imo engqongileyo yasemanzini, ukusuka kweyona misele yolwandle inzulu ukuya kweyona misinga inzulu. Ziza kuzo zonke iimilo kunye nobukhulu, ukusuka kwiplankton encinci, ekhanyayo ukuya kwizidalwa ezikhulu ezifana ne-whale shark. Iintlanzi ezininzi ziye zatshintsha ukulungelelaniswa okukhethekileyo ukuze ziphile kwaye ziphumelele kwindawo yazo, kuquka ukukwazi ukuphefumla ngaphandle kwamanzi.

Iintlanzi ezinokuthi ziphile ngaphandle kwamanzi: Isishwankathelo

Nangona uninzi lweentlanzi kufuneka luhlale emanzini ukuze luphile, kukho iintlobo ezimbalwa ezifumene iindlela zokuphefumla umoya kunye nokujikeleza emhlabeni. Ezi ntlanzi ziye zavelisa amalungu akhethekileyo kunye nokuziphatha okuzivumela ukuba ziphile kwindawo engenawo ioksijini okanye kwindawo enzulu yamanzi, okanye ukubaleka kumarhamncwa. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga ngakumbi ezinye zeentlanzi ezinomdla ezinokuphefumla ngaphandle kwamanzi.

I-Lungfish: I-Amphibian yokwenyani

Ilungfish yintlanzi yakudala ebikho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-380 yezigidi, kwaye ihlala ithathwa ngokuba "yikhonkco elilahlekileyo" phakathi kweentlanzi kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala emanzini. Kukho iindidi ezintandathu zelungfish ezifumaneka eMzantsi Melika, eAfrika, naseOstreliya, kwaye zonke zinemiphunga ukongeza kwii gill. Oku kuzivumela ukuba ziphefumle umoya xa amanqanaba eoksijini emanzini ephantsi, okanye xa kufuneka ziphile kumadama amileyo ngexesha lembalela. I-Lungfish ingasebenzisa amaphiko ayo "ukuhamba" ngaphantsi kwamanzi, kwaye ezinye iintlobo ziyakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi iminyaka emininzi ngokungena eludakeni.

IMudskipper: Intlanzi Enokukhwela Imithi

I-mudskipper yintlanzi encinci, ehlala emanzini efumaneka kwimigxobhozo ye-mangrove kunye neendawo zodaka ezikuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, i-Afrika, kunye ne-Australia. Iye yavelisa iseti ekhethekileyo yohlengahlengiso eyivumela ukuba iphile emanzini nasemhlabeni. Ii<em>mudskippers zinenkqubo ekhethekileyo yokuphefumla ezivumela ukuba zikhuphe ioksijini emoyeni, yaye zinokukhwela emithini neminye imiqobo zisebenzisa amaphiko azo anamandla. Bakwanendlela eyodwa yokuhamba emhlabeni, besebenzisa indibaniselwano yokukhasa nokutsiba-tsiba.

I-Walking Catfish: Intlanzi ekwazi ukuhamba emhlabeni

I-catfish ehambayo yintlanzi yamanzi ahlambulukileyo afumaneka kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, kwaye iyaziwa ngokukwazi "ukuhamba" emhlabeni usebenzisa amaphiko ayo e-pectoral. Iyakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi iiyure ezininzi okoko nje ulusu lwayo luhlala lufumile, kwaye iyakwazi ukuphefumla umoya ngesinyi sokuqubha esilungisiweyo. I-catfish ehambayo ithathwa njengeentlobo ezihlaselayo kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, njengoko inokukhawuleza ithathe indawo yokuhlala entsha kwaye ikhuphisane neentlobo zeentlanzi zendalo.

I-Climbing Perch: Intlanzi Enokukhwela Imithi

I-perch yokukhwela intlanzi yamanzi ahlambulukileyo afumaneka kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, eIndiya, nasePapua New Guinea. Inobuchule obukhethekileyo bokukhwela imithi kunye neminye imiphezulu ethe nkqo isebenzisa amaphiko ayo akhethekileyo e-pectoral, athe avela amagwegwe. I-perch enyukayo inokuphefumla umoya, kwaye inokuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi iiyure ezininzi. Obu buchule bokukhwela emithini buvumela i-perch ekhuphukayo ukuba ibaleke kumarhamncwa okanye ifumane imithombo emitsha yokutya.

I-Eel: Intlanzi ekwazi ukuphefumla umoya

I-eel yintlanzi ende, ebhityileyo efumaneka kumanzi acwengileyo nakumanzi anetyuwa kwihlabathi jikelele. Inenkqubo yokuphefumla eyodwa eyivumela ukuba iphefumle umoya ngesikhumba sayo, ukongezelela ekusebenziseni iigill zayo. Oku kuvumela ii-eels ukuba ziphile kwindawo ezineoksijini ephantsi okanye zihambe phezu komhlaba zifikelele kwiindawo ezintsha zokuhlala. Ii-eels zikwaziwa ngokukwazi ukuqubha imigama emide, kwaye ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zinokufuduka amawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka kwindawo yazo yokuzalwa ukuya kwiindawo zazo zokuzala.

I-Snakehead: Intlanzi Enokuthi "Ihambe" emhlabeni

I-snakehead yintlanzi yasemanzini acocekileyo efumaneka kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia, eAfrika, nakuMntla Melika. Inobuchule obukhethekileyo "bokuhamba" emhlabeni isebenzisa amaphiko ayo e-pectoral, kwaye inokuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi iintsuku ezininzi logama nje ulusu lwayo luhlala lufumile. I-Snakeheads zithathwa njengezilwanyana ezihlaselayo kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, njengoko zikwazi ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye zigqithise iintlobo zeentlanzi zendalo.

IArcherfish: Intlanzi enokudubula amanzi ukuze ibambe ixhoba

I-archerfish yintlanzi encinci, emanzini acwengileyo afumaneka kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia nakumantla eOstreliya. Inesakhono esikhethekileyo sokudubula iijethi zamanzi kwizinambuzane kunye namanye amaxhoba angaphezulu komphezulu wamanzi, ukuwabetha emanzini apho anokutya khona. I-Archerfish inenjongo echanekileyo, kwaye inokubetha iithagethi ezikude kangangeemitha ezininzi.

Intlanzi yeBetta: Intlanzi ekwaziyo ukusinda kwi-Oxygen-Poor Environment

Intlanzi ye-betta, ekwabizwa ngokuba yintlanzi yokulwa yaseSiamese, yintlanzi eyaziwayo yase-aquarium enokuphila kwindawo eneoksijini ephantsi. Iintlanzi zeBetta zinelungu elikhethekileyo le-labyrinth elibavumela ukuba baphefumle umoya ngokuthe ngqo kumphezulu wamanzi, ukongeza ekusebenziseni iigill zabo. Olu lungelelwaniso luvumela intlanzi ye-betta ukuba iphile emanzini amileyo okanye i-oksijini-ehluphekileyo, kodwa ikwathetha ukuba kufuneka ifikelele kumphezulu wamanzi ukuze iphefumle.

IGourami: Intlanzi ekwazi ukuphefumla umoya namanzi

I-gourami yintlanzi yamanzi ahlambulukileyo efumaneka kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia nase-Indiya, kwaye iyaziwa ngokukwazi ukuphefumla umoya kunye namanzi. I-Gouramis ine-labyrinth organ evumela ukuba bakhuphe i-oksijini emoyeni, kwaye banokuphila kwiindawo eziphantsi kwe-oxygen okanye ngaphandle kwamanzi ixesha elifutshane. I-Gouramis ziintlanzi ezithandwayo kwi-aquarium, kwaye ziza ngemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye neepateni.

Ukuqukumbela: Izinto ezimangalisayo zokuziqhelanisa neentlanzi

Iintlanzi zezinye zezidalwa eziphawulekayo kwiplanethi, kwaye ukukwazi kwabo ukuziqhelanisa noluhlu olubanzi lweendawo ezisingqongileyo kuyamangalisa ngokwenene. Ukusuka kwi-lungfish ekwazi ukuphefumla umoya njengama-amphibians, ukuya kwii-eels ezinokuhamba phezu komhlaba, ukuya kwiintlanzi ze-betta ezinokuphila kwiindawo eziphantsi kwe-oxygen, iintlanzi ziye zavelisa uluhlu olumangalisayo lokuziqhelanisa ukuze zincede ziphile kwaye ziphumelele. Ukufunda ezi zidalwa zimangalisayo kunokusinceda siqonde ngcono indalo kunye nendawo yethu kuyo.