UMary Allen
Oko kubizwa ngokuba “yizinja zokulwa” okanye “izinja ezidwelisiwe” zigxekwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuba kuthiwa zinamazinyo omeleleyo ngakumbi kunezinye izinja.
Kodwa ngaba oko kuyinyaniso? Kwaye yeyiphi inja enamazinyo anamandla? Kweli phepha, siza kukubonisa indlela enokuphendulwa ngayo le mibuzo.
Unokuqiniseka ukuba ubukhulu benja akukhathaliseki ukuba i-bit yomelele kangakanani.
Ukunika inja yakho ithambo yindlela enhle yokubukela. “Kwanabancinane” banokuqhekeka amathambo okuhlafuna ngamazinyo baze balume kakuhle.
Amandla okuluma kwenja
Kutshanje xa isiganeko esibandakanya ukulunywa kwenja sisaziwa, kuphinda kuxoxwe ngobungozi bezinja.
Iintlobo ezikhethekileyo zisahlelwa ngendlela engalunganga ngakumbi. Uninzi lwexesha, nangona kunjalo, abanini bezinja banetyala kwaye kungekhona inja ukuba isilwanyana asiqeqeshwanga ngokufanelekileyo, okanye ngokungalunganga.
Xa abantu belunywa zizinja, akunto ingaqhelekanga kwiphephandaba ukuthetha ngamandla alumayo anobunzima betoni.
Le ngxelo ayilunganga ngokupheleleyo. Akukho nja inamandla okuluma etoni. Ngokwasemzimbeni, unokuyibona ingxelo yobuxoki kuba amandla okuluma inja alinganiswa ngeeNewtons, hayi iikhilogram.
Nangona kunjalo, akukabikho ukuphumeza amaxabiso achanekileyo apha. Izinja zizidalwa eziphilayo kwaye aziyithobeli imithetho yefiziksi. Azilumi ngamandla xa zisiyalele.
Ngoko ke, akukho zifundo ezisekelwe kwisayensi malunga namandla okuluma izinja ezikhoyo.
Ngaphandle kwamazinyo amakhulu nanamandla, izinja zinokusebenzisa kwaye zilawule amandla azo ngononophelo. Khawucinge nje ngomama wenja ethwele iinjana zakhe.
Iintshaba zinamazinyo anamandla
Amandla okuluma ke ngoko awanakuqinisekiswa ngentsingiselo. Oku kwahlukile kumandla kancinane.
Inyaniso kukuba ezinye iintlobo zezinja zinamazinyo anamandla. Nangona kunjalo, ezi azikho, njengoko unokukrokra, "izinja zokulwa".
Izinja ezisetyenziselwa ukuzingela ngaphantsi komhlaba zinezona nxalenye zinamandla. Ezi ziquka ngaphezu kwazo zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-terriers, ezivame ukuba phakathi kwezinja ezincinci.
Iintlobo zeenja zokuzingela zakudala nazo zinamazinyo anamandla kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa, i-dentition ye-Molosser ibuthathaka.
Oku kuthetha ukuba amandla kancinane awadibananga nobungakanani benja. Izinja ezihlelwa “njengezinja zokulwa” azinawo amazinyo omeleleyo kunezinye izinja.
Mangaphi amazinyo inja?
Inja endala inamazinyo angama-42.
Kwisiqingatha ngasinye somhlathi, kukho ii-incisors ezintathu, i-canine enye, ii-molars ezine zangaphambili, kunye ne-molars ezimbini zangasemva kwaye kumhlathi ongezantsi, kukho ezinye ezintathu ze-molars zangasemva.
Uninzi lwezinja luluma isikere. Oku kuthetha ukuba amazinyo omhlathi ongasentla abambe imiphezulu yezinyo langaphandle lomhlathi ongezantsi.
Izinja eziluma isikere ziquka i-Doberman, i-German Shepherd, kunye ne-Bernese Mountain Dog.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-Bull Terrier ine-pincer bite. Kulapho i-incisors idibana khona.
Njengakubantu, i-underbites kunye ne-overbites ziyenzeka kwizinja. Okunye ukungahambi kakuhle kwamazinyo kuyaziwa. IiCollies, iiBoxers, kunye neepugs zichaphazeleka kakhulu kwezi ziphazamiso.
Izinja azikwazi ukuhlafuna
Imihlathi yenja engasentla nangaphantsi idityaniswe ngokudityaniswa kwehenjisi. Ngoko ke inja inokuvula nokuvala intwana kuphela.
Iintshukumo zokuhlafuna ezisecaleni, njengoko zikwazi ukwenza abantu okanye iiprimates, azinakwenzeka kwinja. Izinja azikwazi ukuhlafuna okanye ukucola ukutya.
Kodwa oko akuyomfuneko konke konke. Kunoko, izinja zisebenzisa amazinyo azo ukuze zinqumle amaxhoba azo. Banceda ukuphula izicubu eziqinileyo kunye neziqinileyo ezifana nemisipha okanye i-cartilage.
Ngoko ke, khumbula ukucoca amazinyo akho rhoqo, umzekelo ngamathoyizi ehlafuna.
Iintsinga zezokubambisa. Oku kufuna amandla afanelekileyo emhlathini.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kula mandla okuluma bubukhulu bentloko, ubunzima bezihlunu zayo, nobukhulu bomhlathi namazinyo.
Iluma kangaphi inja?
Ukuba inja ilunywa kangakanani kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo.
Xa zihlasela okanye zikhusela, ezinye izinja ziluma kabuhlungu kube kanye emva koko zibambelele.
Kwelinye icala, ezinye izinja ziluma ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ikwafika kumonzakalo wokulunywa izihlandlo ezininzi.
Inja eluma amaxesha amaninzi nguMalusi waseJamani. Ukuba uhlasela ezinye izinja okanye umntu, oku kuthetha ukwenzakala kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, izinja zomalusi azikho phakathi "kwezinja ezidwelisiweyo". Ngokwahlukileyo kwinja engumalusi, oku kuluma ngokuqinileyo kanye. Ukonzakala kobunzima obahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke apho isilwanyana sibambe khona.
Ukulunywa yinja kuya kuhlala kubuhlungu
Nangona kunjalo, inja yasekhaya ayinakuze isebenzise onke amandla ayo okuluma ukuze yenzakalise ngabom esinye isilwanyana okanye umntu.
Nangona kunjalo, kusoloko kufuneka ulumke xa usebenza nezinja, ngakumbi nezinja ezingaqhelekanga. Ngenxa yokuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba amazinyo akhe omelele kangakanani, ukuluma kusoloko kungathandeki kwaye kubuhlungu.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ngawaphi amazinyo amade kakhulu kwaye abonakalayo ezinjeni?
Amazinyo enja yenja amade kwaye agxininise. Izinja zizisebenzisa ukubamba nokubamba amaxhoba okanye ukutya kwazo.
Yeyiphi inja eyomeleleyo?
IKangal ivela kwisixeko saseTurkey iSivas. Olu hlobo lwenja, oluzalelwa eTurkey, lunamandla anamandla okuluma. Kwi-743 PSI, iKangal yi-#1 kuluhlu. Ide yodlula ingonyama, enamandla alumayo angama-691 PSI.
Mangaphi amazinyo inja?
Izinyo lenja ekhule ngokupheleleyo linamazinyo angama-42: angama-20 kumhlathi ongasentla kunye nama-22 kumhlathi ongezantsi. Ngokukodwa ngakumbi, umntu ufumanisa kwizinja: ii-incisors eziyi-12 (i-6 nganye kumhlathi ophezulu nangaphantsi) kunye ne-4 canines (2 nganye kumhlathi ophezulu nangaphantsi).
Ngaba amazinyo ezinja aqinile kunamazinyo abantu?
Kwizinja, i-enamel yezinyo malunga ne-0.1-1 mm ubukhulu, kuxhomekeke kwizinyo. Nangona i-enamel yamazinyo omntu ijiyile kuneenja, bambalwa abantu “abanobuganga” bokuhlafuna izinto abazinika nje lula izinja zabo.
Ngawaphi amazinyo afika ekugqibeleni enjeni?
Kumhlathi ongasentla, inja endala ineencisors ezintathu (i-incisors), inja enye (inja), ii-molars ezine zangaphambili (i-premolars), kunye ne-molars ezimbini zangasemva (i-molars). Kukho enye imolar engasemva kumhlathi ongezantsi.
Sesiphi isilwanyana esiluma eyona inzima?
Amaxabiso e-bite force kunye ne-bite force quotient. Awona mandla okuluma aphezulu alinganisiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku avela kwingwenya yamanzi anetyuwa ene-16,143 N cm−2. Ipiranha emnyama sisilwanyana esinelona gunya liphezulu lokuluma.
Zeziphi izinja eziluma kakhulu?
Abelusi baseJamani, iiDobermans, iiRottweilers, kunye nezinja ezinkulu ze-mongorel ziluma eyona nto inzima kwaye rhoqo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi zinja zithandwa kakhulu kwaye zininzi. Ngokophononongo olwenziwe lisebe lotyando lwabantwana kwiYunivesithi yaseGraz, uMalusi waseJamani kunye noDobermann bakhokela izibalo ezibuhlungu.
Ngubani eyona nja intle kwihlabathi liphela?
IGolden Retriever ivela eSkotlani kwaye ngoku yenye yezona zinja zintle kwihlabathi. Ekuqaleni yayikhuliselwe ukuzingela iintaka zasemanzini. Namhlanje igcinwa ikakhulu njengenja yosapho, kodwa kwakhona njengenja yokuhlangula kunye nesikhokelo, njengoko kulula ukuyiqeqesha, ikrelekrele kakhulu, kwaye inokuthenjwa.