UMary Allen
Ikati enye kwezintathu ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-15 iya kuba ne-CKD. Unyango lwakwangoko lunokuqinisekisa ukuba ikati ilungile ixesha elide elizayo.
Ukulahleka okuqhubelekayo kokusebenza kwezintso ixesha elide kubizwa ngokuba sisifo sezintso esingapheliyo (CKD). Iikati ezindala ngakumbi ziyachaphazeleka. Ikwangomnye woonobangela abaphambili bokusweleka. Esi sifo siqala ngobuqili, yingakho sihlala singahoywa kwizigaba zokuqala. Ngelishwa, unyango alunakwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwakwangoko lunokucothisa ukuqhubeka kweCKD.
Iphuhla njani i-CKD?
I-CKD inokubangelwa kuko nakuphi na ukonakala kwezintso, umzekelo kukunyuka kosulelo lomjelo womchamo okanye isiphene sokuzalwa. Izintso aziphumeleli ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngokukhawuleza zilahlekelwa ukusebenza ixesha elide. Iqhekeza ngeqhekeza, iiyunithi ezincinci zokucoca ezintso, iinephron, zitshatyalaliswe ngokungenakulungiseka. Ngenxa yokuba izintso zinenani elimangalisayo le-nephrons - malunga ne-190,000 kwikati - banokuqala ukubuyisela ilahleko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba malunga nesibini kwisithathu seyunithi yokucoca encinci iyachaphazeleka, izintso azikwazi ukuzalisekisa umsebenzi wazo ngokwaneleyo. Umchamo uyancipha kwaye igazi liqokelela ngokukhawuleza inkunkuma kunye neetyhefu ezidla ngokukhutshwa kumchamo. Kwikhosi eyongezelelweyo, amasuntswana amakhulu anjengeeprotheyini anokungena kumchamo,
Ndazi njani ukuba ikati inokuba neCKD?
Ngaba ikati isela kakhulu kwaye idinga ukuchama rhoqo kwaye ngobuninzi? Ezi inokuba zizibonakaliso zokuqala ezibonakalayo zesifo sezintso. Iikati ezininzi ezine-CKD nazo zilahlekelwa ngumdla wazo kwaye zinciphise umzimba. Uboya bukhangeleka budakumbi kwaye bunzima. Njengoko isifo siqhubela phambili, iimveliso zenkunkuma egazini zinokubangela ukuba ikati ihlanzwe okanye ibonakale ibuthathaka kwaye ingenaluhlu. Umoya uhlala unuka kakubi.
Uhlolo lonyango lothintelo luluncedo kwiminyaka emingaphi?
Uhlolo lothintelo lonyaka kwindawo yonyango lwezilwanyana kufuneka lube kwishedyuli yeekati zayo yonke iminyaka. Ngokujonga, ukuva, kunye nokumamela kakuhle, ugqirha wezilwanyana unokubona izifo kwasekuqaleni. Ukukhangela umonakalo wezintso, umchamo nesampuli yegazi kufuneka zihlolwe elabhoratri. Oku kucetyiswa ngonyaka kwiikati ezingaphezu kweminyaka esixhenxe. Kwimeko yezilwanyana ezindala kakhulu okanye ezigulayo, uviwo lweenyanga ezintandathu lunokuba luncedo.
Ngaba unokuthintela umonakalo omkhulu wezintso kwiikati?
Ingaba ukutya kunaliphi ifuthe kuphuhliso lweCKD? Umzekelo, iphosphate eninzi kakhulu okanye ipotassium encinci kakhulu inokunyusa umngcipheko weCKD. Ukutya okukhethekileyo okuphezulu okunomxholo ophantsi weprotheyini akubonakali kunempembelelo entle. Kukwangqiniwe ukuba ayenzi mahluko nokuba ikati yondliwa ukutya okomileyo okanye okumanzi. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kufuneka asele ngokwaneleyo: Amanzi acocekileyo afanele asoloko ekho. Kukwafanelekile ukunikela ingqalelo kwimpilo yomlomo: iingxaki zamazinyo zingakhokelela ekonakaleni kwezintso ukuba zingaphathwanga.
Umbuzo obuzwa rhoqo
Yintoni embi kwizintso zekati?
Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso kusongela ubomi ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi wezintso uyancipha kakhulu okanye, kwimeko embi kakhulu, uhluleka ngokupheleleyo. Kukho ukuqokelelwa kwee-toxins emzimbeni, okubangela umonakalo ngakumbi apho. Ukusilela kwezintso okunganyangwayo kudla ngokubulala.
Yintoni ebangela ukusilela kwezintso kwiikati?
Ukuqokelelana kwezinto eziyityhefu kwiithishu zezintso. Ukungahambi kakuhle kwegazi kwezintso (ischemia) izifo zamajoni omzimba (umzekelo, i-feline infectious peritonitis = FIP) izifo ezosulelayo.
Iikati zineengxaki njani zezintso?
Ukusela rhoqo, ukuchama rhoqo, ukungabi namdla wokutya, ukwehla emzimbeni, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukugabha, ukuba buthuntu, idyasi emdaka, okanye ukuba buthathaka.
Indlela yokuthintela iingxaki zezintso kwiikati?
Kukwabalulekile ukuba ikati yakho isoloko ikwazi ukufikelela kumanzi okusela amatsha kwaye iwasele rhoqo. Kuba ulwelo oluncinane kakhulu luthetha ukuba izintso kufuneka zisebenze nzima ukuvelisa umchamo.
Yeyiphi inyama yeekati ezinesifo sezintso?
Inyama kufuneka ibe yinyama yemisipha enomxholo onamafutha amaninzi. I-Goose okanye inyama yedada, inyama yenkomo enamafutha (i-prime rib, inyama yentloko, i-side rib), okanye inyama yehagu ebilisiwe okanye eyosiweyo ifanelekile apha. Iintlanzi ezinamafutha afana ne-salmon okanye i-mackerel ziya kwenza kanye ngeveki.
Yintoni ekufuneka ikati enesifo sezintso ingadli?
Kubalulekile: Kungcono ukungondli inyama eninzi - iqulethe inani elikhulu leeprotheyini, apho umzimba wekati yakho onesifo sezintso awusakwazi ukuphatha kakuhle. Kwakhona, lumka ungatyi iicarbohydrates ezininzi, kodwa endaweni yoko ugxininise kumafutha asempilweni.
Ngaba iikati ezinesifo sezintso kufuneka zisele kakhulu?
Inika zonke iivithamini ezifunwa sisilwanyana esinesifo sezintso. Ezi ikakhulu ziivithamini ezinyibilikayo emanzini (umz. iivithamini B kunye nevithamin C), ethi ikati enesifo sezintso ikhuphe kumchamo. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba ikati yakho ihlala inamanzi aneleyo okusela akhoyo.
Ungawaphucula njani amaxabiso ezintso kwiikati?
Ukutya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kunyango lokungaphumeleli kwezintso ezingapheliyo. Ikati kufuneka ibe kukutya okukhethekileyo kwezintso ubomi bayo bonke. Ukutya okukhethekileyo kwezintso kuqulethe iprotheyini encinci kunokutya okuqhelekileyo, kodwa iprotheni ikumgangatho ongcono.