UMary Allen
Ukukhathalela izityalo zasendlini bubugcisa ngokwabo - kodwa izityalo ze-aquarium? Kubantu abaninzi, umbuzo wokutyala kwi-aquarium ungowesibini, ukuba kunjalo. Kuphela xa ubungakanani betanki kunye neentlobo zeentlanzi zinqunywe ukuba iingcamango ziqala ukujikeleza kwisixhobo. Izityalo kwihlabathi elingaphantsi kwamanzi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Enyanisweni, kufuneka bangene kwitanki ngaphambi kokuba intlanzi, iyenze ihlale kwaye ikhangele. Kodwa zifuna ntoni izityalo zase-aquarium ukuze zikhule?
Ukutyala okokuqala kwi-aquarium
Kwi-aquarium, izityalo zithatha imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye. Afana nesihluzo sendalo: Acoca amanzi, awatyebise ngeoksijini, kwaye ayakwazi ukufunxa iityhefu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifana neammonium nenitrate, engena emanzini esuka kwiintlanzi ezishiywe ngasemva, okanye aziguqule zibe zizinto ezingenabungozi.
Kwangaxeshanye, banika abemi behlabathi elingaphantsi kwamanzi ukhuseleko olwaneleyo, iinketho zokurhoxa kunye nokuzifihla kwendalo. Le kuphela kwendlela yokuba iintlanzi kunye nezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezikwi-aquarium ziphile ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuziphatha kwazo kwaye zizive zikhululekile.
Ukongeza, ukutyalwa kuhombisa ngokugqithisileyo. Xa ukhetha uhlobo lwezityalo, ugxininiso oluphambili lufanele lube kwindlela yabo yokusebenza. Kungoncedo lwabo kuphela apho isitya samanzi sibe yinkqubo yendalo yokwenyani kwaye ke i-aquarium ekunokuhlalwa kuyo.
Zeziphi iintlobo zezityalo ezifanelekileyo?
Ayizizo zonke izityalo eziphantsi kwamanzi ezifanelekileyo kuyo yonke i-aquarium. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu betanki, iipropati zamanzi kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana eziza kuhamba, kufuneka uhlawule ingqalelo ukuba zeziphi izityalo ezifanelekileyo. Izinto ezifana nemithombo yokukhanya kunye namaqondo obushushu nazo zinendima ebalulekileyo. Baqinisekisa iimeko ezifanelekileyo ze-photosynthesis kwaye ngoko ke ukuveliswa kwe-oxygen.
Izityalo ezifa emva kwexesha elifutshane ngenxa yokuba bezingafanelekanga ziphela zinento echasene nesiphumo esifunwayo: zityhefa amanzi ngeenkqubo zazo zokubola.
Ngexesha elifanayo, xa utyala okokuqala, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho hlathi langempela ligqithisa i-pool. Izityalo ziya kuthintelana, zizalise itanki ngokugqithisileyo kwaye zinike intlanzi inkululeko encinci yokudada. Ngoko ke kusoloko kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa indibaniselwano yezityalo ezikhawulezayo nezikhula kancinane.
Nangona kunjalo, ukungafani kweentlobo akufanele kubaxwa. Kungcono ukusebenzisa kuphela iintlobo ezintathu ukuya kwezine kunye nezityalo eziliqela kwezi endaweni yeentlobo ezilishumi ezahlukeneyo, enye nganye. Isiphithiphithi esibonakalayo ecaleni, izityalo zase aquarium njenge Vallisneria zikhetha ukutyalwa ngokwamaqela.
Ezona zityalo zidumileyo kwi-aquarium zikhethwa ikakhulu ngenxa yokuphathwa kwazo ngokulula. Ziquka, phakathi kwezinye:
- IVallisneria, ekwaziwa ngokuba zizikrufu zamanzi: Ezi zizityalo ezikhawulezayo, ezikhula ixesha elide ezifuna ukukhanya okukhulu. Zikhangeleka njengengca, zinamagqabi amade, abhityileyo kwaye zikhula de ziye kufika ekupheleni kwedama. Kufuneka bancitshiswe rhoqo okanye bahlelwe ukuze bangathathi i-pelvis yonke.
- I-Sumatran ferns: Zizityalo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza nezinganyangekiyo ngokwentelekiso kumanzi acwengileyo aneemfuno zokukhanya okuphakathi ukuya kokuphezulu. Inzuzo yakho enkulu: Banciphisa ukubunjwa kwe-algae kuba baqhuba uninzi lwezondlo ngokwabo. Kwangaxeshanye, zikwafanelekile njengezityalo ezidadayo ezidadayo simahla kwaye zinokuchazwa njengezihlahlana ngenxa yendlela yazo yokukhula ebhityileyo neyohlukeneyo.
- I-Elodea, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-waterweed: Oku kubhekiselele kwizityalo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza zamanzi acwengileyo ezifuna ukukhanya okuninzi, kodwa zinokuzingisa kakhulu. Zikhula zibe ngamasebe anamagqabi anamatyholo.
- Igqabi lasemazantsi: Likhangeleka lifana ne-clover. I-Bacopa ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye igubungela indawo enkulu, ngoko ifaneleka kakuhle ukutyalwa kwamatye kwaye inemfuno yokukhanya okuphakathi ukuya phezulu. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba phezulu kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ifinyezwe ngokufanelekileyo rhoqo.
- I-Carolina Water Mermaid: Esi sityalo sikhula ngokukhawuleza sikhula kakuhle emanzini ahlambulukileyo, senza kakuhle ngokwamaqela, kwaye sidinga ukukhanya okuphakathi ukuya phezulu. Ngamagqabi ayo amahle, iphantse ifane nesityalo se-coniferous.
- I-Cryptocoryne, ekwaziwa njengeengqayi zamanzi okanye amaxilongo amanzi: Ayakhula kancinci kodwa ayazingisa kwaye ayakwazi ukusebenza ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kwamanzi. Zikwayinxalenye yezityalo zasemanzini acocekileyo kwaye zenza amagqabi amile okwekomityi.
- I-Echinodorus okanye izityalo zekrele: Ezi zityalo zikhula ngokucothayo zamanzi acwengileyo ziphuma phandle ngokubanzi, zinamagqabi amile okweqanda, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokuthatha ubuhle kakhulu, imibala ebomvu, ezenza zibukeke ngathi ngamagqabi.
- IAnubia, ekwaziwa njenge spear leaf: IAnubia iyacotha ukukhula ifuna ukukhanya okuphakathi. Ekuqaleni yayisisityalo somgxobhozo, kodwa ngoku sikwakhula kwiindawo ezihlala amanzi acocekileyo. Uziva ekhululekile kuhlalutye njengakumatye nemithi.
- Imangrove, ialgae, ukhula lwaselwandle, iikorale: zonke zezezityalo zamanzi anetyuwa kwaye ke zifuna iimeko ezikhethekileyo ukuze zikhule kakuhle. Ukongeza kumxholo wetyuwa oqhelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha bafuna izichumisi ezikhethekileyo, ubukhulu bengqolowa obuhlukeneyo njenge-substrate, kwaye okokugqibela kodwa kuncinci ukukhanya.
Izityalo zasemanzini ezenziweyo
Ngokuphindaphindiweyo ii-aquariums zixhotyiswe ngezityalo ezenziweyo. Ayisiyiyo kuphela impembelelo yendalo yokucoca elahlekileyo, kodwa ibhalansi iyonke kwi-ecosystem “yakwa-aquarium” ayifumani nkxaso iyifunayo.
Ukuhlawulela, izixhobo zobugcisa zisetyenzisiweyo, ezo - nazo zenzekile - zijongene nomxholo we-oksijeni kunye nokucoca amanzi. Izityalo ze-aquarium ezenziweyo zinezibonelelo ezimbalwa:
- Awudingi naluphi na ulungiso.
- Azinakubola okanye zigule.
- Zisakhusela kwaye zifihla iintlanzi nezinye izilwanyana.
Nangona kunjalo, isityalo esingesokuze sibonakale singokwemvelo njengeyona nto yokwenyani. Ikakhulu zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zokuhombisa, umzekelo ukuhombisa isitokhwe esisencinci. Okanye kufuneka zisetyenziswe endaweni yentlanzi egulayo ukuze zingazifaki ityhefu kwizityalo “eziqhelekileyo”.
Ngamanye amaxesha izityalo ezenziweyo kufuneka zizise umbala othile kwisitya samanzi. Umzekelo ngokuwabeka kwi-aquarium enamanzi acwengileyo ngendlela yeengqaqa ezenziweyo. Kukho phantse nayiphi na imida kwiingcamango zoyilo. Nangona kunjalo, intlalontle yentlanzi kufuneka ihlale iphambili. Ukulima ngokufanelekileyo kweentlobo, zixhomekeke kutyalo olufanelekileyo.
Ukunyamekela izityalo ze-aquarium
Ngokusisiseko, i-aquarium imiselwe ukuqala nge-substrate (kubandakanya isichumisi sexesha elide), isanti, amatye kunye nemiqolomba, kunye nezinye izinto zokuhombisa. Unikezelo lwamanzi lulandela ngokuthe ngcembe. Izityalo zisetyenziselwa kuphela xa zizaliswe ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ngokulumkisa: Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesityalo esibuzwayo, imvelaphi, amacala okanye amanqanaba akhethekileyo kufuneka akhethwe njengendawo. Kubalulekile ukuba i-substrate ilungiselelwe kakuhle ukubonelela ngeengcambu ngenkxaso eyaneleyo. Isichumiso sexesha elide sibonelela izityalo nazo zonke izondlo ezibalulekileyo kwasekuqaleni. Emva kweeveki ezine ukuya kwezintlanu, ibhalansi yebhayoloji kwi-aquarium iya kuzinza.
Ukutyala ngokuqhelekileyo kwanele ukucinezela umngxuma omncinci kwigrabile. Iingcambu zicuthwa ngocoselelo kuqala ukuze zikhule zomelele kamva. Emva koko isityalo sifakwe kwisitya kwaye sigqunywe ngegrabile kwakhona. Izityalo ze-Aquarium azibonakali kwimozulu enamandla okanye imisinga enamandla. Nangona kunjalo, i-substrate ayifanele ibe yincinci kakhulu.
Ukongeza kwinkxaso eyaneleyo, ukubonelela ngokufanelekileyo kwezondlo kunye nokungena umoya kwiingcambu kubalulekile. Igrabile yeAquarium enobukhulu obuziinkozo malunga ne-approx. I-3 ukuya kwi-8 mm idla ngokuba lolona khetho lungcono. Igrabile kufuneka kwakhona ibe nombala okhanyayo kangangoko ukuze iingcambu zifumane ukukhanya okwaneleyo.
Ezinye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zikhula ikakhulu kumhlaba onamatye kungekhona kwintlalutye. Ezi zityalo zinokuhlengahlengiswa ngomsonto obhityileyo elityeni de iingcambu zigrumbe ngokwaneleyo.
Iiparamitha zamanzi kunye nokuchumisa
Ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwezondlo, iiparamitha zamanzi kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo. Ngokukodwa, ixabiso le-PH, umxholo wensimbi kunye ne-oksijeni okanye umxholo we-CO2 kufuneka uhlolwe.
Ukuba kuyimfuneko, unokunceda ngesichumiso samanzi okanye okubizwa ngokuba yi-bio-CO2 seti. Nangona kunjalo, umntu othanda i-aquarium kufuneka abe nokuqonda okuthile ngebhayoloji kunye neenkqubo zemichiza ukuze athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Umzekelo, iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo zikhetha kuphela amanzi athambileyo. Amanzi kufuneka kwakhona atshintshwe ngamaxesha athile ukuze ancede ekucoceni. Oku kunceda iintlanzi kunye nezityalo ngokufanayo.
Indawo egcina abantwana phantsi kwamanzi
Ngokufana nesiqwenga semifuno, izityalo eziphantsi kwamanzi nazo zifuna ukukhathalelwa. Susa intsalela ewileyo kwaye unciphise amahlumela akhula ngokukhawuleza. Oku kufuneka kuqinisekise ukunikezelwa kokukhanya okufanelekileyo.
Imithombo yokukhanya eyenziweyo kufuneka ikhethwe, hayi kancinci ngenxa yothando lweentlanzi kwilanga lendalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-aquarium ayifanelanga ukuba ilungile ecaleni kwefestile, kwaye ke ngoko kwidrafti, kunye namaqondo obushushu anokulawulwa ngcono. Emva kwesithuba esingangonyaka wokusetyenziswa, nangona kunjalo, iityhubhu ze-fluorescent kufuneka zitshintshwe. Ngokungafane kubonakale kuthi bantu, ukukhanya kuyehla emva kweli xesha kwaye iphotosynthesis ithwaxwa kukunqongophala kwemithombo yokukhanya.
Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, izityalo ezininzi ziya kuqala ukuhluma ngokwazo. Ezi zisenokunqunyulwa zisuswe okanye zikhuliswe njengezityalo ezitsha.
Kwelinye icala, ukuba amagqabi ajika abe tyheli, abe mdaka okanye abebalabala ngokubanzi, oku kunokuba luphawu lokunqongophala kwezondlo okanye ukugqithisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokujonga amaxabiso kunye nokuchumisa ukuba kuyimfuneko, izehlo ezinjalo zinokulawuleka ngokulula.
Kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi kwizifunxi-gazi. Iinkumba, iipolyps zamanzi acocekileyo kunye nezinye iindwendwe ezingafunekiyo zinokubeka isoyikiso ekutyaleni. Iinkumba ngokuqhelekileyo kulula ukuziqokelela, kodwa nezinye izitshabalalisi kudla ngokunceda ukuvalela isityalo esihlaselweyo okwexeshana okanye, ukuba uyathandabuza, ukusisusa ngokupheleleyo.
Ngokomzekelo, i-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yenza umaleko wokwenene emagqabini yaye ngaloo ndlela ithintela ifotosynthesis yesityalo. Kwakhona zikhupha ityhefu emanzini, nto leyo ebangela ukuba intlanzi ibe yingozi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukunakekelwa ngokucokisekileyo komhlaba kunye namanzi kuyadingeka. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyanceda ukushiya i-aquarium ingakhanyi kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, impilo yentlanzi kunye nezityalo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kumanyathelo anjalo.
Ukuhambelana nabemi be-aquarium
Xa ukhetha izityalo ze-aquarium, umsebenzi wexesha elizayo kufuneka uthathelwe ingqalelo. Ukuzalisa kunokufuna iindawo ezikhethekileyo zokuzifihla, ezifana ne-Sumatra fern. Kwakhona kufanelekile kakhulu kwi-shrimp encinci. I-Elodea (i-waterweed), ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayikhuthazwa kwi-shrimp nonke.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-cichlids idla ngokuxhamla kwizityalo ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, i-Anubia ihlala ibashiya bodwa.
Ubungakanani, inani kunye necala eliya ngakulo (umcaba, ububanzi okanye umde ngakumbi) kufuneka zihambelane neentlobo zezilwanyana. Ayizizo iintlanzi kuphela ezineemfuno ezikhethekileyo zezityalo zase-aquarium, kodwa nezirhubuluzi kunye nezityalo ngokwazo.
Ukutshintsha kwezityalo kwi-aquarium
Ngokufanelekileyo, i-aquarium ihlala iyinkqubo ehambelanayo. Ukuguquguquka okuncinci, izitenxo okanye ukuphazamiseka kunokuphosa yonke i-biotope ngaphandle kokulinganisela. Kanye njengokuba amanzi kufuneka alungiswe ngokucokisekileyo, alawulwe aze ahlaziywe, kukwanjalo nemfuneko yokunikela ingqalelo ngenyameko ekutyaleni. Icandelo ngalinye lixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwelinye. Nokuba yintlanzi, izixhobo zobugcisa, amaxabiso amanzi, izixhobo, okanye izityalo zasemanzini.
Ingaba isityalo sasemanzini kufuneka sitshintshwe nini?
Zimbalwa kuphela izityalo zasemanzini ezithengiswayo ezikhula ngonyaka. Uninzi luhlala lula iminyaka emininzi. Baziphindaphinda ngokwabo, umzekelo ngama-sinkers, banelisekile ngeemeko zokukhanya kunye nezichumisi kunye nokunyamekela okuncinci ngoku kunye.
Kuphela kuxa isityalo sonakaliswe kakhulu kukunqongophala kwezondlo okanye uhlaselo oluqatha lwezifunxi-gazi kangangokuba lungumthwalo ongaphezu koncedo olufanele lutshintshwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intlanzi ekutyaleni ingatyalwa ngokugqithiseleyo kangangokuthi kunengqiqo kuphela ukulahla isityalo esichaphazelekayo. Ezo ngxaki zidla ngokuvela ngenxa yokuba iintlobo zezityalo azikhethwanga ukuze zilingane neentlanzi.
Izityalo ezishukumayo, ezidadayo ekusenokwenzeka ukuba azizange zimiliselwe ngokuqinileyo ngokwaneleyo okanye ekusenokwenzeka ukuba zincothulwe ziintlanzi zinokuphinda zityalwe ngokulula. Ubuncinane nje ukuba iingcambu zingonakaliswanga kakhulu.
Umgaqo jikelele, nangona kunjalo, kukuba izityalo ze-aquarium kufuneka zihlale zingatshintshi kangangoko ukuze zingaphazamisi intsebenziswano yebhayoloji esele yenzeka. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka zitshintshwe ngezityalo ezilinganayo.
Nangona kunjalo, izizathu zokutshintsha ukutyalwa zinokuba zezinye izinto kwitanki eziguqukayo kwaye kufuneka zihlawulwe zizityalo ezitsha. Amaxesha okuzala adla ngokuba sisizathu esinjalo. Ezinye iimeko kwi-aquarium ngamanye amaxesha ziyafuneka ukuze kuboniswe ukuthandana, ukuzala, kunye nokukhulisa abancinci. Utshintsho lwezityalo lunokuba nengqiqo ukuba umhlali omtsha wongezwa okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ezinye zisusiwe.
Ngaba izityalo zase-aquarium zikhula ngexesha lasebusika?
Ngokungafaniyo nedama lasegadini, i-aquarium ihlala iphantsi kweemeko ezihlala zihleli. Nangona kunjalo, abanye basebenzisa zombini iindlela zokugcina iintlanzi kwiindawo zabo zasemanzini. Umzekelo, intlanzi yegolide okanye i-koi ichitha ihlobo echibini lasegadini kwaye ibekwe kwi-aquarium ukuya kubusika.
Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba izityalo zamachibi kufuneka zihambe nazo. Ngokuchasene noko: Ukuze unakekele ngokufanelekileyo izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, izityalo zamachibi kufuneka zihlale zingathinteki ukuze ziphinde ziphumelele ngokwemvelo entwasahlobo.
Endaweni yoko, izityalo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zilungiswe kwangexesha kwiindawo zasebusika kwi-aquarium. Njengomthetho, intlanzi echaphazelekayo i-hibernate kwiqondo lokushisa elipholileyo kunye namagumbi amnyama. Ukutyala kufuneka kuhambelane ngokufanelekileyo ngokungafunekiyo. Abanye abanikazi bezilwanyana zasekhaya bade benze ngaphandle kwezityalo zasemanzini ngexesha lasebusika. Nangona kunjalo, ukuziphatha okufanelekileyo kweentlobo kubandakanya amathuba amaninzi okubuyela umva, ngakumbi ngeli xesha lokuphumla.
Ukongeza kwimiqolomba, izityalo ezikhuselayo zezona zilungileyo kwaye ziyindlela nje yendalo yokuba iintlanzi zizive zikhuselekile kwaye zikhuselekile.