Intshayelelo: Imfihlelo yokuRefleka kweZandi

Isandi yinkalo ebalulekileyo yonxibelelwano kwizilwanyana. Nokuba yeyokuhamba, ukuzingela, okanye ukusebenzisana nabantu, izilwanyana zixhomekeke kwisandi ukuze zinxibelelane. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke izandi ezenziwe zilingana. Ezinye izandi zivelisa i-echoes, ngelixa ezinye zingenzi. Imfihlelo yokuba kutheni ezinye izandi zibuyela emva kwimvelaphi yazo yaye ezinye azikhange izidide izazinzulu kangangeenkulungwane.

Ukuqonda iNzululwazi yee-Echoes

Ukuqonda isayensi yee-echoes, kufuneka sijonge i-physics yesandi. Amaza omsindo enziwa xa into ishukuma, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amasuntswana omoya abuyele emva naphambili. La maza esandi ahamba emoyeni de afikelele kwinto ethile. Xa amaza esandi ebetha loo nto, abuyela umva aze abuyele kumthombo wawo. Yile nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-echo.

Ukubonakaliswa kwamaza esandi kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziliqela, ezinjengokumila kunye nokwakheka kwento leyo, umgama ophakathi kwento leyo nesuka kuyo isandi, nokuphindaphinda kwamaza esandi. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kubalulekile ukuze uqonde ukuba kutheni ezinye izilwanyana zivelisa i-echoes kwaye ezinye azikwenzi.

Ukubaluleka kwee-Echoes kuNxibelelwano lweZilwanyana

Ii-echoes zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lwezilwanyana. Izilwanyana ezininzi zisebenzisa i-echoes ukujonga indawo yazo kunye nokufumana amaxhoba. Amalulwane, ngokomzekelo, akhupha izandi eziphuma phezulu ezibetha izinto aze abuyele ezindlebeni zawo. Ngokuhlalutya le echoes, amalulwane anokwenza imephu yengqondo yendawo engqongileyo kwaye akhangele izinambuzane ezinokutya kuzo.

Ezinye izilwanyana, ezinjengamahlengesi neminenga, zisebenzisa iechoes ukuze zinxibelelane. Ezi zilwanyana zanyisayo zaselwandle zivelisa izandi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka ukucofa nokubetha impempe, ezithi zitsibe kwizinto ezisetyenziselwa ukukhangela amanye amalungu ohlobo lwazo.

Izilwanyana eziSebenzisa i-Echoes ukuhamba kunye nokuzingela

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, izilwanyana ezininzi zisebenzisa i-echoes ukuhamba nokuzingela. Amalulwane mhlawumbi ngowona mzekelo waziwayo woku. Ezi zilwanyana zanyisayo zibhabhayo zikhupha izandi eziphakamileyo ezithi zixhume izinto zize zibuyele ezindlebeni zazo. Ngokuhlalutya le echoes, amalulwane anokwenza imephu yengqondo yendawo engqongileyo kwaye akhangele izinambuzane ezinokutya kuzo.

Ezinye iintaka nazo zisebenzisa i-echoes ukuze zifumane ixhoba. Ngokomzekelo, i-oilbird yintaka yasebusuku ehlala emiqolombeni. Ikhupha uthotho lokucofa okutsiba kwiindonga zomqolomba ize iyincede ifumane ixhoba layo, elineziqhamo nezinambuzane.

Isilwanyana esimangalisayo esingavelisi i-Echo

Nangona izilwanyana ezininzi zixhomekeke kwi-echoes ukuze zinxibelelane kwaye zihambe, kukho isilwanyana esinye esingavelisi i-echo: isikhova. Phezu kwako nje ukuva kwazo kakuhle nokukwazi ukubona ixhoba ebumnyameni obupheleleyo, izikhova azivelisi lizwi xa zidubula.

Inzululwazi Esemva Kwesi Silwanyana Ilizwi Elithuleyo

Isizathu sokuba izikhova zingavelisi i-echoes iseyimfihlakalo. Noko ke, izazinzulu zikholelwa kwelokuba inento yokwenza nendlela iintsiba zazo ezakhiwe ngayo. Izikhova zinentsiba ezilungelelaniswe ngokukodwa ezenzelwe ukuvala isandi. Oku kuzivumela ukuba zibhabhe ngokuzolileyo kwaye zilalele ixhoba lazo ngaphandle kokubhaqwa.

IFiziyoloji eYodwa yesi silwanyana siEcholess

Ngaphandle kokwakheka kweentsiba zazo, izikhova zikwanazo nephysiology ekhethekileyo ezinceda ukuba ziphephe ukuvelisa iechoes. Zinobuso obukhulu, obufana nesitya kunye neendlebe ezi-asymmetrical. Oku kubavumela ukuba bachonge ngokuchanekileyo indawo yexhoba labo ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwii-echoes.

Indlela Esi Silwanyana Sinxibelelana Ngayo Ngaphandle Kweechoes

Nangona zingavelisi ii-echoes, izikhova zisakwazi ukunxibelelana zisebenzisa izandi ezahlukeneyo. Bavelisa uluhlu lwee-hoots, ii-screeches, kunye neempempe ezisetyenziselwa imiboniso yendawo kunye nezithethe zokukhwelana.

Izinto eziluncedo ezinokubakho zelizwi elingena-echoes

Ukuba nelizwi elingaveziyo i-echos kunokuba luncedo kwizilwanyana ezithembele kubuchwephesha kunye nobuchule bokulalela. Kwizikhova, kuzivumela ukuba zizingele zithe cwaka kwaye ziphephe ukubhaqwa ngamaxhoba azo. Ikwavumela ukuba banxibelelane omnye nomnye ngaphandle kokunikezela ngendawo yabo kumarhamncwa anokubakho.

Iimpembelelo zoPhando lweZilwanyana kunye noLondolozo

Ukuqonda indlela izilwanyana ezinxibelelana ngayo nendlela ezihamba ngayo kubalulekile kwiinzame zolondolozo. Ngokufunda iphysiology ekhethekileyo kunye nokuziphatha kwezilwanyana ezinjengezikhova, izazinzulu zinokufumana ulwazi malunga nendlela yokukhusela nokugcina iindawo zazo zokuhlala.

Isiphelo: Ihlabathi elinomdla loNxibelelwano lweZilwanyana

Ihlabathi lonxibelelwano ngezilwanyana likhulu yaye liyahluka. Ukusuka kwi-echolocation ephezulu yamalulwane ukuya kwii-hoots ezithuleyo zee-owls, izilwanyana ziye zavelisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana kunye. Ngokufunda ezi ndlela zonxibelelwano, izazinzulu zinokufumana ukuqonda okungcono ngendalo kwaye ziphuhlise amacebo olondolozo nolondolozo.

IiReferensi kunye noFundo oluGqibeleleyo

• National Geographic. (2014). Izikhova Zibhabha Njani Ngokuzolileyo? Ibuyiselwe kwi https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/3/140304-owls-fly-silently-mystery-solved-science/
• Roeder, KD (1967). Kutheni izikhova zidubula nje? Uphononongo lweKota lweBiology, 42 (2), 147-158.
• Simmons, JA, & Stein, RA (1980). I-Acoustic imaging kwi-bat sonar: imiqondiso ye-echolocation kunye nokuvela kwe-echolocation. Ijenali ye-Comparative Physiology A, 135 (1), 61-84.